自考0794综合英语课程讲义全下册lesson16

Lesson Six How Dictionaries Are Made打印本页一、词汇have confidence（→<a.>confident） in 对…有信心be confident inchief editor 主编existdozen 一打fortnight= 2 week 两星期have （） influence on 对某人有…的影响tape recorder 录音机all kinds/sorts of=various 各种各样的inventor 发明家，发明者二、课文分析1.课前预习：请在开始本教程之前跟着本书配套磁带朗读单词和课文2遍，大致熟悉课文内容。

2.重点句型及常用短语：（1）教材上册P122～123的常用短语必须都牢记（2） It is believed that 人们普遍认为It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道（3） offer to doa fewHe made a few spelling mistakes in the last dictation.在上次听写中，他犯了好几个拼写错误。

Few people understand this theory.没有什么人懂得这一理论。

（5） bring up VS grow upbe willing to do sth.be out of one's mindaccording toAccording to the weather forecast, it will be fine tomorrow.look uparrive at/inapply toThe rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶的规则适用于所有人。

Lesson SixHow Dictionaries Are Made本句翻译：字典是怎么被编写成的1 It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn thesemeanings mainly from teachers and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage.本句翻译：人们普遍认为每一个词都有一个正确的涵义，而且我们主要是通过老师和语法书来学到这些词的涵义，像字典以及语法书实际上是我们在学一个词的用法以及其涵义的最高的权威。

Lesson FourteenThe Outside Chance一、词汇outside adj. 极小的（可能性、机会等）quote v. 引证，引述[kw]rainy adj. 下雨的,多雨的windycloudysandymechanic n.技工，机修工garage n. 汽车修理厂（或兼加油站）；车房，车库restless adj.不安分的，坐立不安的mum n.（口语）妈妈council house n.（英国市、郡等统建的便宜的）公寓或房屋pension n.养老金；退休金；抚恤金tube n.（英）地铁subway美式地铁tube英式地铁gap n.（时音或空间的）间断，空白；差距；裂缝generationgapjump n. 跳，跳跃my God interj. 天哪winner n. 获胜的人或马等outsider n.（赛马中）不看好的马bet v.&n. 赌博，打赌；赌注，赌金draw v.（从银行）取款lay v. 押（赌注），赌（钱等）suspicious adj.（对……）起疑心的，可疑的notice n. 辞职书；通知，预告announcer n. 播音员，广播员explosion n.爆炸explodeexplosionup adv. 在北方，在高处enquiry n. 调查，查询stop press n.（英）（报纸付印时留出的）最新的消息栏bloody adj. （英俚）该死的swim v.似在旋转，似在摇晃better off adj 经济情况好转的well offdamn adv.（口语）非常二、课文分析1 It’s a funny thing about money. If you haven’t got it, you think it’s the most important thing in the world. That’s what I used to think, too. I don’t any more, thought, and I learned the hard way.钱这个东西真是很捉弄人。

09年自考“综合英语（二）”下册详解（16）1.If you were asked to list………，you would……… 虚拟语气，表示与当前情况的假设。

If I had enough money，I would buy that car.2.If next you were……，who somehow seem bigger than life，you might come up with an entire different list.Bigger/larger than life：超群的；夸大的His sadness was bigger than life.他悲伤极了。

come up with：bring forward with提出；想出Some new issues were come up at the meeting.在这个会上提出了一些新问题3.You might，in fact，name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour，rather tha n their achievements…。

be celebrated for：因——而受到颂扬、赞美Most doctors and nurses were celebrated for their bravery in the battle against SARS.大多数医务人员由于在抗击“非典”战役中的勇敢表示而受到了人们的赞扬。

rather than：instead of 不是——（而是）He was criticized by the teacher for his absence from class rather than his failure in the exam.他因缺课而受到了老师的批评，而不是因为他这次考试的失败。

4.And you would not be alone，because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired”……be not alone in thinking/believing：others agree with you在——方面别人也有同感We’re not alone in believing that Xiao Jiang is the best person for the job.我们相信小江是这项任务的最佳人选，别人也有同感。

Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II)一、词汇intelligence n. 智力，理解力apparent adj. 明显的toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指）kitchen n. 厨房imprison v. 禁锢，限制imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制long v. 渴望reward v. 报答，回报open adj. 无遮掩的triumph n. 胜利，成功uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确inside adv. 在里面glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的sum n. 算术题；运算，计算slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板prop v. 支撑slender adj. 细长的，纤细的vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人）useless adj. 无用的impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西dazed adj. 茫然的surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的aware adj. 意识到，觉察到stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃midway adv. 在中途，在中间tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下choke v. （使）难以呼吸deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的stillness n. 平静，沉默profound adj. 深的，极度的ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声hiss n. 嘶嘶声crackle n. 爆裂声，噼啪声open adj. 敞开的stab n. 戳，捅stiffen v. 使变挺stump n. 残余部分，残段fingernail n. 手指甲pierce v. 刺入，刺破lower lip n. 下嘴唇（upper lip 上嘴唇）shaky adj. 不稳固的，摇晃的awkward adj. 难看的，不雅观的uneven adj. 不平衡的，参差不齐的lasting adj. 持久的，永久的written word n. 文字scrawl v. 潦草地写，乱写，乱画，乱涂key n. 门路；秘诀；（解决问题的）线索二、课文分析The Letter “A”1 I was now five, and still I showed no real sign of intelligence, I showed no apparent interest in things except for my toes – more especially those on my left foot. I used to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or ,on bright warm days ,out in the garden ,surrounded by a family that loved me and hoped for me and that made me part of it. I was lonely, imprisoned in a world of my own ,unable to communicate with others, cut off, separated from them as though a glass wall stood between my existence and theirs, I longed to run about and play with the rest, but I was unable to break loose from my imprisonment.我现在已经满五岁了，但是仍然没有表现出有任何智力，除了我的脚趾头，尤其是我左脚的脚趾头。

Lesson Twelve: Selling the Post （II）打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: （Para. 1）The 1930’s were a hard period for the Bakers and Russell’s father had died.Part 2: （Paras. 2-17）Russell proved to be a poor salesman. He was too shay and timid for the job.Part 3: （Paras. 18-26）Doris proved to be a better salesperson.Part 4: （Paras. 27-33）Mrs. Baker concluded that her son lacked the competitive zeal a salesman needed. And from a composition he wrote Mrs. Baker discovered his talent for writing. Russell decided to become a writer.Ⅱ. TextPart 1: （Para. 1）1 We lived in Belleville, New Jersey, a commuter town at the northern fringe of Newark.It was 1932,the bleakest year of the Depression.译文：那是1932年，大萧条时期最不景气的年头。

commuter 通勤者fringe=edgebleakest=darkest=severestMy father had died two years before, leaving us with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else, and my mother had taken my sister, Doris, and me to live with one of her younger brothers.译文：两年前，我父亲去世，除了几件西尔斯和罗巴克家具之外，没给我们留下什么别的东西，我母亲带着我和妹妹多丽丝去投奔她的一个弟弟。

Lesson Seven The Great Idea Of Mr. Budd（Ⅰ）打印本页第一学时一、词汇hairdresser 理发师，美容师memory <n.>记忆make an appointment 做预约razor 剃刀responsible 有责任感的despair 绝望二、课文部分1 ￡ 500 REWARD2 The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the arrest of William Strickland, who is wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.本句翻译：500英镑的悬赏。

《晚间使者》报决定把以上的奖金提供给任何一位能够提供情况并使警方逮捕威廉·斯特里克兰的人，因威廉·斯特里克兰涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛·斯特里克兰谋杀案而受到警方的通缉。

above 前面提到的All the above items can be got from Mr. Thompson. 以上物品均可到汤普森先生处领取result in 导致The policemen are investigating a bus accident that resulted in the death of four passengers. 警察正在调查一起公共汽车事故，该事故导致四名乘客死亡。

Result from 由……导致The car accident resulted from speeding. 这次交通事故由超速导致3 DESCRIPTION OF THE WANTED MAN4 This is the official description of William Strickland: Age forty-three; height about six feet one inch; thick silver-grey hair, which may be dyed; full grey beard, but may now have been shaved off; light grey eyes; large nose; strong white teeth, of which some are filled with gold; left thumbnail damaged by a recent blow.本句翻译：以下是对威廉·斯特里克兰人的官方描述：43岁；6英尺一英寸高；可能是染过了的浓厚的银灰色头发；灰色的落腮胡子，但是这个灰色的落腮胡子可能已经被剃掉了；浅灰色的眼睛；大鼻子；白色的很坚固的牙齿，其中有一些牙可能镶了金；左手大拇指指甲因最近的一次抓捕而受到损伤。

Lesson Fourteen: The Listener打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: (Para. 1)Violinist Rudolf made a living by giving concerts in small seaport towns.Part 2: (Para. 2)In various towns in Iceland the audience didn't understand his music.Part 3: (Paras. 3-5)He arrived at a lighthouse to seek shelter from a coming storm.Part 4: (Paras. 6-9)Rudolf learned all about the lighthouse keeper's simple life.Part 5: (Paras. 10-20)Rudolf found an understanding listener for his music in the lighthouse.Ⅱ. textPart 1: (Para. 1)1 Once there was a little concert violinist named Rudolf, who lived in Sweden.Once adv.从前，曾经…who lived in Sweden 非限定性定语从句，修饰 RudolfSome of his friends thought he was not the best of musicians because he was restless; others thought he was restless because he was not the best of musicians.译文：他的一些朋友认为他之所以成不了一流乐手是因为他不安分，另一些朋友觉得，正因为他不是一流乐手，他才不安分。

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useLesson TwelveI Got My B.A by Sheer Luck一、词汇B.A. （Bachelor of Arts的缩写）（文科）学士B.S. （Bachelor of Science的缩写）（理科）学士master 硕士 M.A. 文科硕士M.S. 理科硕士Bachelor 单身汉Sheer adj. 全然的，纯粹的Egyptian adj. 埃及的Egypt n. 埃及percentage n. 百分比frightening adj. 令人惊吓的pace n. 速度lucky adj. 幸运的survival n. 幸存,生存；生还survive v.幸存grade n. （考试或作业的）分数disgraceful adj. 丢脸的，不光彩的grace （风度）优雅graceful 优雅的work v. （计划等）顺利进行imitate v. 模仿，仿效recite v. 背诵presentation n. 叙述，陈述；讲课，报告transitional adj. 转变的，转折的，过渡的minor adj. 次要的，较小的topic n. （章节、段落等）标题；主题subtopic n.小标题，副标题；要点subway 地铁intellectual adj. 智力的，思维力的inferiority n. 劣等，劣势；低劣inferior to 不如。

I am inferior to you. 我不如你。

flip v. 迅速地翻（书页等）textbook n. 课本，教科书chapter n. （书等的）章、篇、回religion n. 宗教（信仰）assigned adj. 指定的jot v. 匆匆记下point n. （表示事项的）点，条，项summary adj. 摘要，总结，梗概；概要的issue n. 问题，议题，争议点master v. 掌握，精通compose v. 写；作（诗等）；作曲composer 作曲家correct v. 改正，纠正，修正accurately adv. 准确地take (notes) v. 记（笔记）campus n. （大学或学院的）校园on campus 在校园里underestimate v. 低估hysterical adj. 歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的expected adj. 预期的，预料的plus adj. （学科评分）高于。

Lesson Fifteen Edison Inventor of Invention打印本页Ⅰ.Outline of the TextPart 1: (Para. 1)Edison has changed man's thinking about what could be achieved.Part 2: (Paras. 2-3)Edison's inventions convinced people that science could benefit them.Part 3: (Para. 4)Edison's genius lies in his ability to combine and put into practice what other scientists and inventors had discovered and invented.Part 4: (Para. 5)Owing to Edison's work, scientific research gained an important place in society.Part 5: (Para. 6)Man must adapt to the constantly changing age he lives in.Ⅱ.Text1 It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is associated：仅仅把爱迪生参与发明的那些东西加在一起，是绝不可友爱衡量出他的贡献的。

（直译：……与爱迪生的名字有联系的那些具体发明加在一起……。

）add up: 加起来be associated with与…联系起来Far-reaching as many of them have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edison's career surpasses the sum of all of them：尽管这其中的许多发明对现代文明有着深远的影响，爱迪生事业的宏观意义超过了他所有发明的总价值。

Lesson Six Another School Year -- What For?打印本页一、Word Listdisaster n. 不幸；灾难career n. 职业，事业，生涯（不可数名词）job 指具体的工作（可数名词）damn v. 诅咒；骂hip n. 臀部pharmacist n. 药剂师；药商pharmacy n. 药剂学；药学；制药stuff n. 作品等的内容；题材；素材as conj. （引出让步从句）尽管，即使faculty n. 大学的系、科、院（的全体教员）put v. 表达；表述working day n. 工作日usefully adv. 有用地engineering n. 工程（学）professional adj.具有专门知识的，专业的，职业的 /amateur 业余的cyanide n. 氰化物aspirin n. 阿斯匹林（一种镇痛解热药）bull n. （未阉割的）公牛client n. （律师的）当事人；（医生的）患者incompetence n. 不胜任，不称职involve v. 包含，需要，涉及rear v. （美）养育（女子等）sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的raise v. （美）养育（孩子等）expose v. 使接触，使……处于某种作用或影响之下profound adj. 深刻的，深奥的civilization n. 文明社会；文明civilized adj. 文明的，开化的intellectually adv. 与智力（或思维）有关地；理智地intellect n. 智力，思维能力head n. 头目，领导，首脑contact n. 接触；联系continuity n. 连续（状态），连续性business n. 职责；工作；生意philosophy n. 哲学fine arts n. 美术（如绘画、雕刻等）mechanized adj. 机械的；呆板的savage n. 野蛮人；野人push-button adj. 用按纽操纵的unaided adj. 无助的invent v. 创造，发明essentially adv. 本质上，基本上spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的resource n. 资源；财源store v. 储存，储备acquire v. 获得，学到，得到fragment n. 部分，片断；碎片necessarily adv. 必定，必然literal adj. 实际的；字面的；直译的limitation n. 局限（性）humanity n. 人性；人类developed adj. 成熟的existence n. 存在specialist n. 专家；专业人员二、Text1 Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university.我来告诉你一件我的教师生涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。

Lesson Fifteen The Letter“A”(I)一、词汇1.（Word List）单词army(n.) 大批，大群（人、动物等）relation（n.）亲戚，亲属relative 亲戚queue（v.）排队等候queue for the concert tickets 排队买音乐会票jump the queue 插队the small hours（n.）深夜（午夜刚过一段时间）pray（v.）祈祷，祷告anxiously（adv.）忧虑地，担心地backwards(或backward)（adv.）向后steady（adj.）稳定的；稳固的steadily（adv.）warning（adj.&n.）警告的；警告defect（n.）缺陷，毛病defective（adj.）有缺陷的，有毛病的clench（v.）紧握（拳等），咬紧（牙关）clench the fist 紧握拳头clenched（adj）紧握的jaw（n.）颌，下巴lock（v.）扣在一起；使…..扣在一起loose（adj.）松动的，松开的loosen（v.）使松开loosen your shoes tie. 把你的鞋带松开mountain（n.）大量，大堆a mountain of 堆积如山的definitely（adv.）肯定地case（n.）病例；病人；案例mentally（adv.）智力上地；精神上地assure（v.）使（某人）确信inevitable（adj.）不可避免的，必然发生的scrap（n.）少量，一点儿conviction（n.）确信，信念cripple（v.）使残废dull（adj.）迟钝的，呆笨的incapable（adj.）无…..能力的kindly（adv.）仁慈地，慈爱地，和蔼地sympathetically（adv.）有同情心地，满怀同情地sympathy n. 有同情心sympathetic 有同情心的luckily（adv.）幸运地idiot（n.）白痴，傻子，笨蛋rigid（adj.）顽固的，不通融的helpless（daj）不能自立的，需要人帮助的，无助的newly（n.）新近地，重新地bricklaying（n.）砌砖patiently （adv.）耐心地penetrate（v.）渗透，透过heartbreaking（adj.）令人伤心的vague（adj.）模糊不清的，朦胧的faint（adj.）微弱的，模糊的gurgle（n.）咯咯声inert（adj.）无活动能力的motionless（adj.）不动的，静止的wild（adj.）乱糟糟的，杂乱的stiff（adj.）僵直的，硬的snakelike（adj.）像蛇一般的twitch（v.）抽动，抽搐shoot（v.）伸出queer（adj.）奇怪的，古怪的crooked（adj.）弯曲的，歪扭的hopefully（adv.）怀有希望地；有希望地grasp（v.）抓住curl（n.）一绺发clutch（v.）紧抓，紧握home（n.）疗养院，收容所二、课文解析I was born in the Rotunda Hospital, on June 5th,1932. Mine was a difficult birth, I am told. Both mother and son almost died. A whole army of relations queued up outside the hospital until the small hours of the morning ,waiting for news and praying anxiously that it would be good.某人出在哪里：I was/were born in……出生在哪一天：was/were on…….mine= my birthMine was a difficult birth, I am told.译：家里人对我说，我出生时，是难产。

Lesson Thirteen Hobbyist打印本页一、词汇hobby n. （业余）爱好，嗜好（不包括阅读等）hobbyist n. 有某种癖好者rumor n. 传闻，传言，谣言absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地druggist n. 药商，药剂师drugstore n. 药房completely adv. 完全地，彻底地undetectable adj. 觉察不到的，发现不了的detect v. 侦察，觉察detectable adj. 觉察到的反义词：undetectabledetective n. 私人侦探poison n. 毒药，毒物poisonous adj. 有毒的doorway n. 门口break n. 休息时间ring v. 充满be ringed with 被…….装满coffee-pot n. 咖啡壶motion v. 用动作或手势示意motion sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事upraise v. 抬起，抬高convince v. 使信服，说服；使确信deserve v. 值得，应得shrug v. 耸肩briefly adv. 简短地freely adv. 免费地case n. 事例，实例murderer n. 凶手，杀人犯murder v. 杀人antidote n. 解毒药，解毒剂possibility n. 可能性double-cross n. 欺骗行为，出卖行为blackmail n. 敲诈，勒索pistol n. 手枪chuckle n. 低声地笑，自笑deadly adj. 致命的bluff v. 虚张声势，吓唬人growl v. 咆哮，发火reasonable adj. 合理的，有理由的wallet n. 钱包confession n. 自白，供认，承认intension n. 目的，意图，打算intend to do sth. 打算做某事former adj. 以前的formal 正式的evidence n. 证据二、课文分析" I heard a rumor," Sangstrom said, " that you－" He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. "－that you have a completely undetectable poison."1."I heard a rumor,"Sangstrom said,"that you－"He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore.look about 四处看alone: 只有一人，但不一定感到寂寞lonely adj. 孤独的翻译：“我听到一个谣言，说你--”他转过头向四周看了看，来绝对确认这个小药房里只有他和这位药剂师。

Lesson Six：The Beauty of Britain打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: (Paras. 1-2)Geographically Britain is small, but has superb variety . Within its 240,500 square kilometers, it has mountains, plains, rivers and lakes, like any big country. The mountains in Britain are merely mountains in miniature.Part 2: (Paras. 3-4)Britain is a country of happy surprises. On a rolling plain, he might suddenly find before him mountains with very steep slopes. In a highly industrialized district, he might unexpectedly encounter a bit of rough heath country.Part 3: (Paras. 5-6)The British landscape is characterized by moderation. That is to say, the Britain has achieved perfect balance between Nature and Man. This feature is most clearly shown in the suburbs, where the residents enjoy both the civilization of the city and the easy life of the country gentlemen.Ⅱ. Text1.The beauty of our country -or at least all of its south of North Scotland-is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy.be hard to do sth. 很难做…译:我们国家的美，至少北苏格兰以南所有的地方之美欣赏容易，描绘难。

Lesson Six Culture Shock在今天的社会里,很少有人一生只在一个地方生活,只在一种环境里活动。

一个人在成长过程中,从幼儿园到小学、中学、乃至大学,不断离开自己熟悉的同伴而进入新的环境。

越来越多的学子走出国门到海外求学。

由于各种原因,人们更换工作单位、居住地点,到陌生的地方去求生存、求发展。

环境的变化往往给人们带来各种生理的和心理的不适,甚至压力。

社会学家把这种情况称之为“文化震荡”,指出这是当今社会的一种流行病,并分析了其病因、症状、过程和治愈方式。

这些分析也许对于预防和治疗此病有一定的作用。

Cause and SymptomsKalvero Oberg1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most diseases, it has its own symptoms.2 Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. [1110:32] Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to go shopping, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often without our conscious awareness.[0810:33]3 Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. [0904:32] All thedifficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. [1104:33]4 Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands; excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.5 Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go throughculture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.Stages of AdjustmentRaymond Zeuschner6 Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experiencesituations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to a new country, and becoming part of a new organization, military unit or corporation.7 Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experienceis perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently change jobs, majors, romantic partners, travel plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.8 When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two - the crisis stage - in which the shine wears off and day to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habits; in anew country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque "honeymoon." However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.9 In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with traveling by "tube," shopping nearly every day for groceries, paying in the correct currency, buying a newspaper, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, it would probably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.10 Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country'smoney[1101:33]; you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you returnto your original home, you will again experience culture shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust, depending on the length of time they were away. Usually, however, since you are in your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in the new culture.LESSON 6 文化休克原因与症状卡尔沃罗.欧博格1 文化休克可以被称为突然移居到国外的人所患的一种职业病。

Lesson Seven: Some Meanings of Authentic Love打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: (Paras. 1-8)There are seven elements of love.☆ I know the person I love.☆ I care about the happiness of the person I love.☆ I have respect for the dignity of the person I love.☆ I have a responsibility toward the person I love.☆ I will g row for both myself and the person I love.☆ I make a commitment to the person I love.☆ I trust the person I love.Part 2: (Paras. 9-16)Nature of love:☆ Love tolerates imperfection.☆ Love is freely given.☆ In love one encourages the othe r person to develop fully.☆ Love does not involve dependence.☆ In love the people involved identify with one another.☆ Love requires one to love, value, appreciate, and respect oneself first.☆ In love one sees the potential in the other person.Part 3: (Paras. 17-18)Love is union under the condition of preserving one's individuality.Ⅱ. TextSo far, we've discussed mostly what we think love is not. Now we'd like to share some of the positive meanings love has for us.译：以上我们主要讨论了我们认为与爱背道而驰的那些事。

自考课程综合测验综合英语（一）试卷 （课程代码 00794 ）一．语法和词汇填空。

阅读下面的句子或对话，从A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1. There has been ____growth in industry this year than there should have been. A. much B. most C. little D. less2. When you expect too much of others, you are ____ to become disappointed. A. timely B. probable C. likely D. possible3. It is necessary ____ technical training for all the new employees. A. to provide B. to be provided C. providing D. being provided4. The mass media keep us well ____ of what is happening in the world which would otherwise remain unknown. A. concerned B. exposed C. acquainted D. informed5. She____ blame other people for her troubles than admit her own mistakes. A. would rather B. had better C. prefers to D. has to6. Problems may come up when people have no ____of the law. A. message B. knowledge C. information D. intelligence7. You have little chance of getting the job____ you have professional training. A. unless B. as if C. in case D. so that8. The Eight O’clock News will have a(n)____ report of the important meeting in Paris. A. live B. aliveC. livingD. lively9. Mary ran ____ one of her college teachers in the supermarket yesterday.A. outB. acrossC. overD. by10. To everyone’s disappointment, his plan failed ____ all his efforts.A. in spite ofB. as a result ofC. for the sake ofD. in the interest of二、用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音。

1. who have been married only a short time and whose careers are still in the promising stage. 俩⼈结婚不久，在事业上⼤有希望，但仍然处于发展阶段。

be in the promising stage处于发展阶段，处于有前景的阶段 Socialism is still in the promising stage.社会主义仍然处于迅速发展的阶段。

2. There is abundant luxury in the room but a minimum of taste. ——（The room is richly furnished but shows little taste.） 房间布置相当豪华，但品味很不⾼雅。

1）abundant luxury相当豪华，abundant丰富的，⼤量的 2）but a minimum of taste但品味很不⾼雅，but表⽰转折，minimum of taste缺少品味 3.He presses the buzzer on the house phone and speaks to the cook.他按了按家庭部电话的蜂⾳器对厨师说话。

Presses， speaks to剧本中的台词是剧本的主体，剧情的发展、⼈物的展现、剧本的主题思想全通过台词体现是。

舞台说明⽤现在时态（⼀般现在时和现在进⾏时）。

4.I hardly slept a wink all night……——（I hardly had any sleep at all last night./I slept very little last night.） not sleep a wink or not get/have a wink of sleep； not to sleep at all Our next-door neighbours were so noisy last night that we didn't get a wink of sleep. 昨天晚上我们隔壁的邻居特别吵闹使我们⼀夜没合眼。