手术治疗与手法复位石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果对比
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手术治疗与手法复位石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果对比
目的 探討手术治疗与手法复位石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果。方法
选取2013年11月~2017年11月我院收治的150例桡骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=75)和观察组(n=75)。对照组患者采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗,观察组患者采用手术治疗。于治疗前后行影像学检查和功能评定,比较两组患者的手术疗效、并发症情况。结果 两组患者治疗后的尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度均大于治疗前,尺骨移位小于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度均大于对照组,尺骨移位小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后的腕关节功能评分均高于治疗前,疼痛评分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的腕关节功能评分高于对照组,疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与手法复位石膏外固定相比,手术治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效更佳,关节功能改善显著且安全性高,值得临床推广使用。
[Abstract] Objective To investigate effect of surgical treatment and manual
reduction plaster external fixation in the treatment of distal radius fracture. Methods A
total of 150 patients with distal radius fracture treated in our hospital from November
2013 to November 2017 were selected as research objects. They were divided into
control group (n=75) and observation group (n=75) according to the random
number table method. The control group was treated with manual reduction plaster
external fixation while the observation group was given surgical treatment. The
imaging examination and functional evaluation were performed before and after
treatment, and the surgical effect and complications of two groups were compared.
Results Ulnar angle, palmar angle and radius height after treatment of two groups
were higher than those before treatment, the ulnar displacement was lower than that
before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Ulnar
angle, palmar angle and radius height after treatment in the observation group were
higher than those in the control group, the ulnar displacement was lower than that in
the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The
score of wrist joint function after treatment of two groups were higher than that before
treatment, the score of pain of two groups were lower than that before treatment,
and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The score of wrist joint
function after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control
group, the score of pain was lower than that in the control group, and the
differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The excellent rate after treatment
in observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference
was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the
observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was
statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with manual reduction
plaster external fixation, surgical treatment has better effect in the treatment of distal
radius fracture and can improve joint function, which has high safety and is worthy
of clinical application.[Key words] Distal radius fracture; Manual reduction; Plaster
external fixation
桡骨远端骨折是骨科常见病。由于该处为骨密质和骨松质的交界,在遭受外力后极易发生骨折,对于累积关节面的粉碎性骨折而言,如果治疗方式不当,将有可能引发畸形愈合、功能障碍等不良事件[1-2],从而影响到患者的预后。传统治疗方法中,手法复位石膏外固定较为常用,虽然可得到较为满意的治疗效果,但术后并发症风险较高,也有可能需要转为开放手术治疗,不仅延长了患者的病痛时间,而且增加了手术难度[3-4]。因此,部分患者会选择手术治疗,但对于其疗效与保守治疗差异的相关报道较少。本研究旨在探讨手术与手法复位石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2013年11月~2017年11月我院收治的150例桡骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:经影像学检查确诊为桡骨远端骨折,呈现腕骨疼痛、活动受限、局部肿胀等临床表现。排除标准:患有严重器质性疾病、手术禁忌证、精神性疾病、研究资料不全的患者。采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=75)和观察组(n=75)。对照组中,男43例,女32例;年龄21~75岁,平均(62.5±10.3)岁;致伤原因:交通事故伤49例,摔伤22例,打击伤4例。观察组中,男42例,女33例;年龄21~76岁,平均(61.9±11.4)岁;致伤原因:交通事故伤47例,摔伤23例,打击伤5例。两组患者的性别、年龄、致伤原因等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有患者均知晓本研究情况并签署知情同意书。
1.2方法
对照组患者采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗。患者取坐位或平卧位,术者双手拇指并拢,放于患肢的骨折远端,其余四指要紧扣大鱼际,而助手则站立于患肢近侧,将双手环抱前臂,持续对抗10 min,采用中医“正骨八法”进行整复,待患者骨折断端畸形感消失后,参考患者的具体骨折情况,向上或向下呈成角度对折,注意维持背伸或掌屈姿势,以防脱位。给予患者石膏固定,整复满意后,观察患肢的血运情况,30 min内未出现麻木、感觉异常、疼痛加劇等情况,将其前臂中立位三角巾悬吊,并指导其开展适度的功能康复锻炼。
观察组患者采用手术治疗,即切开复位内固定。给予患者臂丛麻醉后,根据患者具体病情,实施背侧或掌侧入路,其中掌侧采用Henry入路,从桡侧腕屈肌逐渐显露深部,将周围组织牵拉向桡侧,将拇长伸肌、腕屈肌、正中神经牵拉向尺侧,显露旋前方肌,切开部分肌纤维,显露关节面和骨折断端,有效复位后,恢复关节面平整,采用桡骨远端锁定钢板固定,透视确认复位效果满意,冲洗伤口,逐层关闭切口。背侧采用背侧纵切口入路,牵拉拇长伸肌向桡侧,显露骨折
断端,有效复位后,用锁定钢板螺钉固定,透视确认复位效果满意,冲洗伤口,逐层关闭切口。术后及时开展功能康复锻炼。
1.3观察指标及评价标准
于治疗前后对两组患者行影像学检查(尺偏角、掌倾角、尺骨移位、桡骨高度)和功能评定(腕关节功能评分、疼痛评分),比较两组患者的手术疗效(优、良、可、差、总优良情况)和并发症情况(畸形愈合、内固定断裂、伤口感染)。腕关节功能评分标准:采用Cooney腕关节评分量表,满分100分,分数越高,患者的腕关节功能越好[5]。疼痛评分标准:采用视觉模拟评分法,满分10分,分数越高,患者的疼痛感越明显[6]。手术疗效的评定标准[7]:桡骨远端关节面尺偏角20°~25°,掌倾角10°~15°,为优;桡骨远端关节面尺偏角15°~<20°,掌倾角5°~<10°,为良;桡骨远端关节面尺偏角10°~<15°,掌倾角0°~<5°,为可;桡骨远端关节面尺偏角<10°,掌倾角<0°,为差。优良率=(优+良)例数/总例数×100%,并发症发生率=(畸形愈合+内固定断裂+伤口感染)例数/总例数×100%。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者治疗前后尺偏角、掌倾角、尺骨移位、桡骨高度的比较
两组患者治疗后的尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度均大于治疗前,尺骨移位小于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者治疗后的尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度均大于对照组,尺骨移位小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。