宾语从句
1、定义：宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
2、连接词
（1）从属连词that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
造句：1.他说他想呆在家里
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
2. 我确定他能成功
I’m sure (that) he will succeed.
（2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
例句：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
造句：
他问我是否可以帮助他。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，与or not连用时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether如：
I don't know whether he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he
does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
造句：
我不知道他是否能来。
I don’t know whether he will come or not．（＝I don’t know whether or not he will
come）
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
宾语从句和表语从句
概念引入
She doesn’t know (that) her father is seriously ill. 她不知道她父亲病得很严重。
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
你可以告诉我怎么去火车站吗？
The problem is when they can get there. 问题是他们什么时候能到那儿。
The problem is whether we can replace her. 问题是我们能否替换她。
看到宾语从句四个字，你一定想“我学过了”，那么从上面4个句子中，你能够很容易地判断出前两个句子含有宾语从句，而后两个句子的黑体词部分就是表语从句了吧？本单元我们就从复习宾语从句开始，开始对名词性从句中的位置很相似的这两个从句进行一下小结吧。
语法讲解
认识名词性从句
1. 名词能作什么成分
研究下面这个简单的句子：
Lily, my sister, is a good girl, and she likes music.
主语 同位语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 宾语
分析：此句是and连接的一个并列句，含有两个小句子，and前的句子的结构是“主系表”结构，and后是“主谓宾”结构。其中主语、表语、宾语和同位语都是名词或名词词组（如a good girl）充当的，当然主语she是代词，而代词是用来代替名词，从而避免重复的词。
换句话说，名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
2. 名词性从句的定义：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．The trouble is that I can’t find my way.
2．We are discussing what we shall do to help the poor.
3．It depends on whether you can do the work well.
4．I wonder how you are getting on with your studies.
5．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was why he was late.
6．Energy is what makes things work.
7．We didn’t set out; it was because we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
8．We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—Can you join us in the party this evening?
—Well, that depends on ________ I can finish my report before then.
A．whether B．if
C．that D．when
解析：选A。句意：“你今天晚上能参加我们的聚会吗？”“嗯，那得看到时候我的报告能不能完成。”连词whether表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。if表示“是否”，不引导介词的宾语从句；that没有意义；when“当……时”。
2．I don’t think ________ possible ________ one can master a foreign language without
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名师语法：宾语从句和表语从句
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，思考句中画线词引导什么从句。
①It is Henry Adams，an American businessman，who is lost in London and does
not know what he should do.
②May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are?
③I can't say that I have any plans.
④I'm afraid (that) I don't quite follow you，sir.
⑤I don't think (that) it's very funny.
⑥The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which
accounts for my appearance.
⑦That's why we've given you the letter.
[自我总结] ①－⑤为宾语从句，⑥、⑦为表语从句。
名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句
1．名词性从句
(1)定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。
(2)名词性从句的连接词及其在句中的功能。
连接词 意义 功能
连接词
that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接代词
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whose 谁的 定语
what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
连接副词 2 / 7
