片段阅读分总结构例题附解析

部编语文小升初【阅读理解】训练、划分文章的段落层次 +20篇阅读理解题和答案第四讲、划分文章的段落层次小学从三四年级起就开始接触分段了，这里所说的分段就是把意思相近或相关的自然段归为一个意义段。

我们在给文章分段前，一定要认真读文章，把文章读懂，大致了解文章的主要内容，理清作者的写作顺序，思考作者是如何组织材料的，从而确定分段的依据。

给文章分段，可以便于我们理解课文的主要内容，理解作者的写作思路和思想感情。

常见的分段方法有以下几种。

按事情发展顺序分段。

这种顺序一般用在写人记事的文章里，作者为了把事情的前因后果交代清楚，一般会交代事情的起因、经过和结果。

我们在读文章时弄清文章的起因、经过和结果，并把相关的部分归为一段，这就是按事情发展的顺序分段。

如《地震中的父与子》，事情发生的起因是洛杉矶发生了地震，学校成了废墟，阿曼达被埋在废墟里；经过是父亲坚持不懈地在废墟里挖掘；结果是父亲救出了阿曼达和他的同学。

我们把起因、经过、结果各部分弄清了，就可以把段落划分出来。

按地点变换的顺序分段。

参观游记类的文章一般是随着参观游览地点的变换去写，地点变了，景物或事情就在变，我们把不同地点看到的景物或发生的事情归为一段，就是按地点转换的顺序分段。

如《景阳冈》一文，先写武松在店里喝酒，然后写他上冈，接着写他在冈上打虎，最后写他下冈，写了不同地方发生的事情，这是典型的地点转换顺序，我们就可以把不同地方发生的事情归为一段。

按时间顺序分段。

在小学阶段的有些课文中，有些自然段中有明显的表示时间的词语或句子，我们找到这些词语或句子，并把这些时间段的景物或事情归在一起，就是按时间顺序分段。

如《开国大典》一课就是按时间顺序记叙的，先写开国大典前的情况，然后写开国大典进行时的情况，最后写大典后的情况，我们就可以按开国大典前、开国大典进行时、开国大典后进行分段。

按总分总结构分段。

小学很多的课文都在文章的开头总体介绍课文的内容，然后再从几个方面来详细介绍，这种写法就是总分总结构，这种结构的课文，在分段时，开头总起部分为一段，中间分述部分合起来是一段，最后结尾部分为一段。

初中语文阅读理解总分式组合段落介绍对于阅读理解总分式组合自然段的方法，希望同学们认真看看下面的讲解内容。

总分式先总述后分述或先概括叙述后具体叙述,也包括先总述再分述最后总结以及先分述再总结.如《爷爷的芦笛》第1自然段.在强强的相象里,爷爷的小闸屋是个好玩的地方:碧蓝碧蓝的海水就踩在脚下.白天,成群的海鸟在窗外翱翔;夜晚,天上的星星映在海水中,如千万点萤火闪闪烁烁.更有趣的是,海水长着一大片一大片的芦苇.一张普普通通的苇叶,经爷爷三折两卷,就成了一支芦笛.吹奏起来,曲调是那样婉转悠扬,还带着一股浓浓的海水味…….这一段先总述爷爷的小闸屋是个好玩的地方,再具体描绘周围景色之美、芦笛曲调动听.再如《夹竹桃》第三个自然段.先总述我们家常见的花应有尽有,再分述春、夏、秋三季花儿依次开放的景象,最后总结园子里一年三季,花开花落,万紫千红的盛景.通过上面对总分式组合自然段方法的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握。

初中语文阅读理因果式组合段落下面是对语文阅读理解题目因果式答题的学习，希望给同学们的学习很好的帮助哦。

因果式按照事物的原因、结果的关系表达意思的自然段,叫因果式小段.包括先因后果和先果后因两种情况.例如《莫泊桑拜师》第一个自然段:莫泊桑是19世纪法国著名作家.他从小酷爱写作,孜孜不倦地写下了许多作品,但这些作品都平平常常,没有什么特色.//莫泊桑焦急万分,于是,他去拜法国文学大师福楼拜为师.这一段段意可概括为莫泊桑早年写作平平,所以他拜福楼拜为师.以上是先因后果,再举一例先果后因.《真情的回报》最后一个自然段"骑上这辆崭新的自行车送报快多了.当然,我从没想学会在马路上扔报纸的'绝活',依旧下车把报纸送到每家门口;下雨下雪天,依旧把报纸送进门里.因为我永远记住了:诚实的劳动,换来的是难忘的关怀和爱意."这一段前面是结果后面说明原因,从而突出了原因,点明了课题的含义.以上对语文阅读理解题目因果式答题技巧的讲解学习，相信可以很好的帮助同学们的答题，希望同学们认真完成阅读理解题目的知识。

专题训练之：分析文章结构，把握文章思路思路，就是文章作者按照一定的条理来表达中心思想的脉络、路径。

文章的思路隐含在文章的结构之中，一篇文章的结构就是文章思路的具体展现。

因此，要想把握住文章的总体思路，就应该从分析文章的结构入手，从归纳各段段意入手。

分析文章的结构有如下方法：1、通读全文，从文章的结构方式入手，这是最基本的方法。

文段的结构方式主要有两类：横式结构和纵式结构。

横式结构有“总分式”和“并列式”两种组合方式。

“总分式”又包括“总—分—总”“总—分”“分—总”等；“并列式”包括“A—B—C”式和“A—A”式两种。

分层时，找到内容转换处即可。

纵式结构包括时间推移式、空间转换式、逻辑联系式。

时间推移式是按事物发展的经过和时间的先后次序来安排层次的，划分时，只需抓住表示时间变化的关键词语即可分出不同层次。

空间转换式是按空间位置的转换来安排层次，划分时，应仔细分辨出现的地点，捕捉此地与彼地的转换下。

逻辑联系式是按主要与次要、现象与本质、原因与结果等逻辑关系来安排层次的。

划分时，注意合并相近内容的句子，寻找不同内容的转换处。

2、注意语言标志。

很多文章有明显的语言标志，如“第一”“第二”等序数词。

文章的段内层次，往往有一些衔接上下文的词语，如“首先……其次……”“一方面……另一方面”“不仅如此……”“此外”等。

另外还可以看标点。

3、注意找出中心句。

一篇文章，找到了中心句，就意味着大致地把握了文章的中心，把握了文章的思路。

一个段落，抓住了中心句，就意味着大致可以弄清这个段落的层次结构。

4、文章中还有一些过渡句、提挈下文的句子，也是我们答题的重要依据，要充分利用。

【精典例题】（一）（1）森林是人类的朋友，尤其是维护生态环境方面更是功劳卓著。

森林涵养水源、保持水土、防止水旱灾害的作用非常大。

据专家测算，一片面积10万亩的森林，相当于一个200万立方米的水库。

这正如农谚所说：“山上多栽树，等于修水库，雨多它能吞，雨少它能吐。

专题06 文章结构常考题型1.本文是什么机构；2.与XXX结构有什么不同课程框架1.知识讲解2.知识梳理3.技巧巩固教学环节一、知识详解文章一般分为“总分”、“分总”和“总分总”三种结构方式。

“总”就是文章的总起或总结，是文章的中心思想。

“分”指的是分层叙述。

(1)“总分总”的结构是先抛出文章的中心思想，再分层叙述，逐层深入，最后对文章加以总结。

(2)“分总”的结构方式，在一篇文章或段落当中，先对事物的各个部分进行具体的描写，再用总结句来总结前面的内容。

(3)“总分”的结构方式，在一篇文章或段落当中，先用总起句对事物进行总的交代或说明，再对事物的各方面作分别的叙述或描写。

例1：九寨沟（节选）一进入景区，就像到了一个童话世界。

一座座雪峰插入云霄，峰顶银光闪闪。

大大小小的湖泊，像颗颗宝石镶嵌在彩带般的沟谷中。

湖水清澈见底，湖底石块色彩斑斓。

从河谷至山坡，遍布着原始森林。

每当天气晴朗时，蓝天、白云、雪峰、森林，都倒映在湖水中，构成了一幅幅五彩缤纷的图画，难怪人们把这些湖泊叫作“五花海”“五彩池”呢。

由于河谷高低不平，湖泊与湖泊之间恰似一级级天然的台阶，由此形成的一道道高低错落的瀑布，宛如白练腾空，银花四溅，蔚为壮观。

雪峰插云，古木参天，平湖飞瀑……九寨沟真是个充满诗情画意的人间仙境啊！问题：课文采用了（）的结构方式。

A．总—分—总B．总—分C．分—总D．并—列二、知识梳理三、技巧巩固姥姥家的小院今年暑假，我的生活真是丰富多彩。

最有趣的是到农村的姥姥家，我最喜欢姥姥家的小院。

院子西南角，几根长竹竿架上，爬满了花藤，稠密的绿叶衬着紫红色的花朵，又娇嫩，又鲜艳，远远望去，好像一匹美丽的花布。

院子东北角是由金瓜架搭起的棚子。

光滑滑的金瓜像吊灯似的挂在藤上。

瓜棚下面有桌子。

晚上，灯亮了。

孩子们在这里读书，下棋，大人们也在这里乘凉，闲谈。

院子东面栽着几株像巨人一样高大的白杨，还有几株果实累累的果树。

白杨树挺直了高大的躯干，碧绿的叶子被风吹得哗哗直响，在响声中可以闻到果子的清香。

中考语文阅读“内容和结构作用”专练（附答案）一、【经典习题】阅读《姥姥在阳光下》，回答1-5题。

（共11分）姥姥在阳光下王奕君①时隔多年，我还能清晰记起那个小院。

眼前晃动着姥姥的身影，阳光洒在她身上，还拖出一条影子，一会儿缩短，一会儿拉长，围着她转。

②姥姥的周身都透着慈爱。

她一看见我进院，就放下手里的菜啊盆啊，笑着招呼：“君来啦。

”她的笑，从深深的皱纹里绽开来，那慈爱，如同一根透明的丝线，每到寒假和暑假，都把我牵引到她的身边。

③那个小小院子，是姥姥一辈子的舞台。

早上，全家人吃过姥姥做的早饭后，上班的上班、上学的上学，姥姥把最后一摞碗收进橱柜，擦擦手，走出屋子。

阳光迎着她的脸，知道这时候的姥姥要唱独角戏了，就用影子陪伴她。

有我在，姥姥就多了个影子。

我总是寸步不离，我的影子一会儿爬上她的后背，一会儿扑向她的头顶，姥姥笑嘻嘻的，好像很乐意有这么一个纠缠。

④姥姥坐在阴凉地儿，像变戏法儿似的，从笸箩里一样样儿拿出衣服、布头，一边让我帮她穿针，一边夸我眼神好。

然后说：“我是老了，干啥也不行了。

”姥姥说话慢条斯理，好像一辈子都没着过急似的。

我说：“您不老，昨儿您还说能上树摘枣呢！”姥姥笑出了眼泪。

⑤简短的对话之后，就没什么话了。

我发现，我来姥姥家，原本也不是为了说话，我只是想看看她，陪陪她，或者说，是想让她用周身的慈爱，暖暖我的心。

从小，父亲就对我特别严厉，他的目光总是冷的。

他看我一眼，我心里就怕怕的，我总想逃，逃到那个有阳光的小院儿去，扑到姥姥温暖的怀抱里去……⑥午后，姥姥盘腿儿坐在炕沿上，这是她忙里偷闲时的习惯坐姿，她看我抱着一盆煮鸡蛋，一个一个剥着吃，脸上又绽开了一如既往的慈祥。

⑦阳光斜斜地射进来，将姥姥的面庞映照得明亮而红润，像打了一层浅浅的光粉。

姥姥一辈子都没化过妆，没穿过漂亮衣服，也从没出过远门，姥姥就像一棵树，风无意中把她吹进了这个院子，她就在这儿踏踏实实地扎根、生长，好多年过去，她都不会挪动地方，从枝繁叶茂，到枝枯叶落，一直平静、坦然。

小学语文六年级阅读训练附答案解析广玉兰（节选）广玉兰开花有早有迟，在同一棵树上，能看到花开的各种形态。

有的含羞待放，碧绿的花苞鲜嫩可爱。

有的刚刚绽．（dìng zhàn）放，几只小蜜蜂就迫不（及急）待地钻了进去，那里面椭圆形的花蕊约有一寸长。

盛开着的广玉兰花，洁白柔嫩得像婴儿的笑脸，甜美、纯洁，惹人喜爱。

先前热热闹闹开过的广玉兰花呢，花瓣虽然（调凋）谢了，花蕊（ruǐ rěi）却依然挺立枝头，已长成近两寸长的圆茎。

圆茎上面缀满了像细珠似的紫红色的小颗粒，这就是孕育着新生命的种子。

远远看上去，一株广玉兰就像是一个数世同堂、生生不息的大家族。

1．用“”在文中括号内选出正确的注音或字词。

2．写出四个描写花儿美丽的成语:3．这一段是采用的结构，用“﹏”画出本段的中心句。

4．本段描写了广玉兰的种形态，分别是。

5．你认为文中哪句话写得最好？说明你喜欢的原因。

6．仔细观察你喜欢的一种花，仿照本段的结构，用一段话写出它的特点。

解题指导：1．解答第一题，重在细心。

要在准确把握字音和字形的基础上，防止遗漏。

2．解答第二题，重在平时积累。

在平时的学习中，要注意积累各类成语，丰富自己的词汇，以便灵活运用。

3．解答第三题和第四题，必须在仔细阅读短文，理解短文内容的基础上，从整体上把握短文的结构。

4．第五题是赏析题，解答此类题目，重在自主选择语句，再结合平时所掌握的修辞手法等语文知识，仔细分析点评句子的独特之处。

5．第六题的片段训练，首先要把握好短文的总—分—总的结构，再确定内容进行构思，从段式、句式等方面进行模仿，可以从花的色、味、形几个方面写，也可以就花的某一方面进行描写。

旨在把握住短文的结构，进行迁移和运用。

参考答案：1．zhàn 及凋 ruǐ2．花团锦簇五彩缤纷争奇斗艳繁花似锦等3．结构：总—分—总。

中心句：广玉兰开花有早有迟，在同一棵树上，能看到花开的各种形态。

4．四种形态：第一种，含羞待放的；第二种，刚刚绽放的；第三种，盛开着的；第四种，开过了的。

人教部编版七年级语文下册句段在结构和内容上的作用练习（含解析）【知识梳理】散文句子和语段鉴赏涉及角度较多，这里侧重于句段的作用分析。

文章不同句段在不同的位置，开头、中间、结尾的句段是考查的重点。

结构+内容分析1、结构：是文章的骨骼和布局，是为表现文章内容对材料的组织安排，是对文章形式进行的总体设计，是解决“言之有序”问题和谋篇布局的手段。

（开头）：开门见山介绍背景总领下文引出下文渲染气氛铺垫伏笔设置悬念吸引读者揭示主题照应文题（中间）：承上启下使结构严谨引出下文点明中心升华主题过渡作用（结尾）：总结全文点明主旨升华感情照应开头发人深思暗示主题意犹未尽2、内容：是对文章作者感情的把握以及文章的中心主旨。

直白类：（位置）部分表达了（有什么手法就结合手法回答）....，深化...主旨，强化作者...感情（观点）。

含蓄类：（1）使文章在表达上委婉含蓄，发人深思（2）有意犹未尽的感情（3）暗示主题，强化感情【例题精讲】例作用：开门见山引出下文照应文题铺垫伏笔例作用：承上启下例作用：总结全文升华感情暗示主题【课堂练习】卖伞姑娘①有些想念是不需要理由的，就像时常跃入我心中的那个姑娘的身影。

每当缠绵的细雨裹住这个城市的时候，这种思念就如同四处弥漫的细雨一样，无边无际。

②那是一年前的一个雨夜。

路灯在丝丝雨线织成的帷帐里睁着惺松的睡眼，洒下的光映射在路面的积水上。

在单位加班昏了头的我下了楼，才知道这个城市的一切都猫进了细雨的怀抱里。

我呆望着路灯罩里舒缓而降的雨丝，想起了远在十多公里之外的家，心一横，推着车子撞破了雨幕。

③“先生，您需要一把伞吗？”正准备骑上车子的我，突然听到一个轻盈、温馨的声音。

回过头我才发现单位大门外的路灯下站着一位姑娘，怀里抱着一捆伞。

她有十六七岁的样子，穿着鹅黄色的薄毛衣和黑色的长裙，背光站着，我看不清她的脸庞。

④我的确是需要一把伞呀！我停下来，仔细地把她怀抱中的十几把雨伞挑了一遍。

我那时世俗地想：街头小贩的东西十有八九是假冒伪劣，既然急需，那就买吧，但挑挑拣拣的事儿是不能掉以轻心的。

片段阅读两大解题技巧及例题讲解片段阅读两大解题技巧：一、结构两分法考生在做片段阅读题时要尽快确定*结构以便找到*的重点即答案。

如转折结构文段中转折之后的内容很重要，递进结构文段中递进之后的内容更重要，总分或分总结构的文段中总的部分很重要，并列结构文段中所有部分都重要。

【例题】由细颗粒物造成的灰霾天气对人体健康的危害甚至要比沙尘暴更大。

粒径10微米以上的颗粒物，会被挡在人的鼻子外面;粒径在2.5微米至10微米之间的颗粒物，能够进入上呼吸道，但部分可通过痰液等排出体外，另外也会被鼻腔内部的绒毛阻挡，对人体健康危害相对较小;而粒径在2.5微米以下的细颗粒物吸入人体后会直接进入支气管，干扰肺部的气体交换，引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等方面的疾病。

这些颗粒还会进入血液，其中的有害气体、重金属等溶解在血液中，对健康的伤害更大。

这段文字意在说明：A.不同粒径的颗粒物对人体健康的不同影响B.灾害天气中各种尺寸颗粒物的致病机理C.重金属等会溶解于血液中危及人体健康D.灰霾天气中的细颗粒物对人体健康伤害大【答案】D。

解析：本题要根据结构锁定答案。

文段为总分结构，总的部分是重点，要体现在选项中。

首句是总的部分，指出由细颗粒物造成的灰霾天气对人体健康伤害很大，之后用颗粒物的粒径大小值进行了比较论证，粒径小于2.5微米的细颗粒物对人体的伤害非常大。

故本题选D。

二、寻找暗示信息有些文段材料的重点暗藏在材料中，必须寻找其暗示信息。

通过分析这些暗示信息，顺利地找出正确答案，暗示信息包括修辞手法、标点符号、明显的提示语等等。

【例题】随着通讯技术的进步，当今社会，政府执政的舆论环境已发生了明显的变化，各种舆论可以借助网络、短信等现代传播工具，跨越时空迅速传递，使意见空间加大，意见力度增强，而决策透明度的增加和公民民主参与意识的增强，又加大了政府的舆论压力。

在这样的背景下，政府对“舆情危机”的处理，需要改变以往的被动方式，针对新出现的情况，及时采用新方式来应对。

阅读理解中的文章结构题练习题及答案解析。

阅读理解中的文章结构题是一种常见的题型，它要求考生根据所给的文章结构，对文章进行理解和推测。

下面是一道相关的练习题及答案解析，供参考。

题目：阅读下面这篇短文，回答问题。

Astronomy is the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies, as well as the phenomena that occur outside Earth's atmosphere. For thousands of years, humans have been fascinated by the night sky and have tried to understand the mysteries of the universe. Today, astronomy is a scientific discipline that combines observation, theoretical physics, and mathematics to unlock the secrets of the cosmos.One of the main tools used in astronomy is the telescope. Telescopes magnify distant objects, allowing astronomers to observe them in greater detail. The invention of the telescope in the 17th century revolutionized the field of astronomy, enabling scientists to discover new celestial bodies and phenomena.The structure of the universe is another subject of study in astronomy. Astronomers have observed that galaxies are organized into clusters, which in turn form superclusters. These superclusters are interconnected by vast cosmic filaments, creating a "cosmic web" that spans the entire universe.Understanding the structure and formation of the universe is a major focusof research in astronomy.In addition to studying the structure of the universe, astronomers also investigate the lifecycle of stars. Stars are born from clouds of gas and dust, and they go through different stages of development before eventually running out of fuel and dying. The death of a star can result in the formation of a black hole or a supernova explosion, both of which have a significant impact on the surrounding space.Overall, astronomy is a fascinating field of study that encompasses awide range of topics, from the study of distant galaxies to the lifecycle of stars. Through observation, analysis, and mathematical modeling, astronomers strive to unravel the mysteries of the universe and gain a better understanding of our place in the cosmos.问题：What is the main focus of research in astronomy?答案解析：文章的结构可以分为三个段落。

阅读理解专题六结构分析题姓名班级课型专题复习老师评价学习目标掌握文章结构或文中某一段落的结构。

学习重点掌握不同类型的文章和不同段落写作手法。

学习难点演绎与归纳的区别在实际阅读中的识别；对比较难懂的段落的结构分析。

阅读下列短文或短文片段，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案或可以填入空白处的最佳答案：AI was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.1. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed？A. By analyzing causes.B. By showing differences.C. By describing a process.D. By following time order.BWhy do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity－or extreme overweight－among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%－and is growing.2. This text is mainly developed ________.A. by contrastB. by spaceC. by processD. by classificationCWomen are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men tend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status, ”said Professor Ryan.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.Half of the participants (参与者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo(安慰剂). After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded：“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal.”3. The author develops the text by ________.A. explaining people's behaviorsB. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differencesD. discussing research experimentsDBefore I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be.I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun ofpedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out. The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn’t only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him.In short, we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions, he will like it a lot.4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?A B C DEThere's a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of these things. Why do people keep drinking it ? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs?There are all kinds of alcohol molecules(分子), but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇). Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it's not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes(膜). It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated --- unmetabolized(未经新陈代谢的) and whole--through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers.Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit (呕吐物). Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe.Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn't destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that's needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person's brain.5. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By statement.B. By question.C. By arguing.D. By explaining.FTeenagers are often a difficult group. With all those hormones(荷尔蒙)flooding in their bodies, they can be moody, unpredictable, and tend to make uncertain choices. But however confusing their teenage years are, kids can still be generally happy, depending on their lifestyle choices. According to a new research by British scientists, teens who don't smoke, drink only moderately or not at all, and who don't eat much junk food are likely to be happier than other teens.The study looked at 40,000 British families and came up with some interesting findings. For example, kids who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report higher levels of happiness than kids who drank. And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on happiness charts compared to kids who didn't smoke. The same goes for diet and physical activities. The more fruits and vegetables kids eat, and the more hours they spend playing sports, the happier they are.Now, of course this doesn't mean that not smoking or drinking, and playing sports can guarantee happiness. It could be that kids who have happy character tend to be more active and less addicted to drinking or smoking. And it could equally be the case that kids who are unhappy are more related to drinking, smoking and eating junk food.Other studies have shown that exercise is a proven way to treat anxiety and depression. Future studies may support the idea that other healthy behaviors, including refraining(克制)from smoking, drinking, and eating too much junk food, can avoid sadness and increase happiness, too.6. The author develops the second paragraph mainly by ________.A. making comparisonsB. providing statisticsC. offering examplesD. analyzing causesGMaking decisions when shopping is often tough. Even if you’re satisfied with the first dress you try on, would you go on looking for alternatives, comparing styles and prices, until you drop dead?According to a recent Wall Street Journal column, psychology researchers have studied how people make decisions and concluded there are two basic styles. “Maximisers” are people who want the best. They like to take their time and weigh a wide range of options—sometimes every possible one—before choosi ng. “Satisficers” would rather be fast than thorough. They are people who want good enough…7. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To ask readers to think about it.B. To introduce the topic to readers.C. To discuss the problem with readersD. To ask readers to answer the questionKeys:1. B解析：结构理解题。