2018年考研英语完型填空深度解析

2018年考研英语完型填空模拟试题及答案分析【六】考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量累积和语法运用，是考生最简单失分的题型之一，因此需要平时知识累积和大批的练习相联合，才有达到有效的复习成效。

以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018 年考研英语完型填空模拟试题及答案分析【六】》供您查阅。

The success of Augustus owed much to the character ofRoman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__states ，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘ s Republic relationship of the individual to the state painstakingly without reference to__6__ states ，in__4__ the was__5__ out or individuals.The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica ，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete ，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome ，Romulus ，was__9__ to have received authority from thegods ，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. Allconstitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that onlythe assembly of the__12__ ，the family heads who formed the original senate ， __13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority ， because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority ，holding that their consuls， or chief officials， would possess it on__16__months ，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarilyin certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__themass of the people concurred.The system grew withenormous __20__ ，as new offices and assemblies were createdand almost none discarded.1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to2.[A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred3.[A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about4.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it5.[A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made6.[A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular7.[A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind8.[A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved9.[A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised10.[A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation11.[A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling12.[A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers13.[A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced14.[A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider15.[A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about16.[A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several17.[A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But18.[A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national19.[A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so20.[A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function答案11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B整体剖析本文介绍了罗马人相关国家建设的理论。

2018考研英语（二）真题答案：完形填空参考答案2018考研英语完形填空真题文章节选自Scientific American，原文标题Curiosity Is Not IntrinsicallyGood（好奇心太强从本质上来说并不是件好事）。

这篇文章主要讲述了人类解决未知问题的强烈渴望使其执意寻求问题的答案，即使显而易见答案会给人带来痛苦。

【原文】Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.【答案】1.D resolve2. B seek3. C hurt4. B expose5. A trial6.B deliver7. C when8. D happen9. A such as 10. C discover11.B food 12. C lead to 13. A inquiry 14. D self-destructive 15. D resist16.D predict 17.A choose 18. B outcome 19. D whether 20. C consequences以上就是文都教育英语老师为大家提供的2018考研英语（二）完形填空参考答案。

2018考研英语一、二新题型及完型深度解析各位参加2015年考研考试的亲爱学子大家好，这次考试英语顺利的落下了帷幕，大家特别关心今年新题型和完形填空，我用一点时间讲讲新题型和完形填空的情况。

{C}一、{C}新题型考察简单{C}1、{C}英语一：段落句子填空题首先完形填空新题型纯粹是波澜不惊，他基本上保持了考研英语命题稳健的基本优点。

今年在考试过程中，我们说不管是英语一还是英语二的题型，基本上让广大的考生考出自己的水平。

另外，今年的题型比较简单。

比如说在2014年初考试的时候，英语一的新题型考到了培训，而这次新题型考的是常见的段落句子填空题。

这篇文章出题风格和往年不一样，往年往往是五个独立段落，或者是在某一段的最后一段出一道题，比如说42题、43题，都是在我们的段尾出题，但是41、44、45都是段落中间出的题，这一点在降低难度，而不是在提高难度。

这篇文章注意一下来自于马丁所著的一本书《阅读的方法》讲的是高级阅读技巧，这本书的第一单元就是这个。

以下是英语一新题型参考答案：41题正确答案选的是C。

非常简单，只要找到这篇文章只要对一下就全出来了。

这里我们说最主要的是这句话，对于这句话我们41题选择的是C，在这里这个词它也可以对应后面的句子。

42题是E。

你可以做进一步的推理，关于这个课文的重要。

我们之所以选择E，因为E 空前的两句都重复了“推理”这样的字眼。

还有E段的最后也提出了读者的推测。

所以选择E。

43题是G。

这个考点和去年的考点差不多。

44题是B。

B选项的意思是因素。

45题是A。

A具体描述了许多不同的阅读路径和方式，这是对45空前后的细化。

2、英语二：小标题题对于英语二的新题型这次考的小标题题，这一点老师们和同学民都预测到了，而今天考的小标题题又是简单的。

这里说一下英语二的新题型。

今年考的是要小标题题，这篇文章选自外国网站上的文章。

他讲的是能够帮助你渡过困难时刻的一些古老的秘诀，能够帮助你渡过人生比较困难的时刻。

2018全国卷2完形填空赏析Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him. So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in trouble. “Something’s not right!” I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar“What’s his name?”I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I knew. That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance.Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben turned to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said.“You saved mylife!”I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was. I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son.体裁：记叙文叙事题材：人与人父亲意外救了儿子的感人故事难词：The bay was bathed in sunshine 比喻用法犹如沐浴在Violently 剧烈地好词：something occurred to me突然想到什么好句：Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.分词作状语；和其中一个教练胳膊相交，我帮助把这个年轻人脱出水面。

完形填空解析——英语二18年考研英语已经顺利结束,冠辰老师在此为大家奉上英语二考研完型填空的真题解析.总体分析来看, 18年的考研完型难度空前的简单，如果没有认真做完型的同学真的为你遗憾.我们先来看看完形填空的真题解析吧.先一起来看一下18年完形填空的选项分布规律.Section ⅠUse of English ( 10 points )01.A 02.C 03.D 04.C 05.B06.C 07.D 08.A 09.B 10.D11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.A16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D如图所示,今年没有保持往年四个选项的平均分布归规律( 即5A 5B 5C 5D ).而是（即5A 4B 3C 6D）如果在时间紧迫的前提下,同学们运用轮转换位或者是概率法任意一种做题方法.我们可以直接命中5~6个正确答案,拿到3分.18年文章话题的核心在于互联网和网络评论的问题依旧保持了英语二以生活类体裁命题的宗旨.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?作者以提出问题自问自答的方式来展开文章这和英语二2011年T1报纸的死亡到底发生了什么的方式雷同.问题的回答为文章的主旨. 问题: 为什么人们要去查阅一些互联网的负面评论以及做一些会让人痛苦的事情?Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty,这是一道逻辑关系变体题后面解释了原因因为人们有天生XX不确定性结合四个选项的中文翻译正确答案: resolve解决.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity18年的文章很少直接考察逻辑关系题这在17年已经有了萌芽.新的研究揭示that引导宾语从句: 对于求知的需求太强烈了以至于so that 引导的强调句. So A that B 强调句结构我们可以得知AB 的内容近乎对等例如So 热that 不能忍而不能忍的对象恰巧是热.那么这道题迎刃而解.that后面人们XX满足好奇心肯定是一个积极主动的动作正确答案: seek寻求力求even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.逻辑关系变体even when前后为对立关系选项优先考虑负面评价正确答案: hurt 翻译为及时当了解的答案让人感到难过.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.进行一系列的研究后，行为科学家们对学生XX不良刺激因素的能力进行检测.填空需要我们填入一个和负向词主动的一个动作.正确答案: expose to do 字面意思暴露在XX地方做什么引申为承受XX.For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. 第五题考察的是同义词复现原则，for one 其中之一上文提及过In a series of four experiments，因此选一个表示实验的同义词,正确答案: trial 路径实验的意思.The twist? Half of the pens would___6___ an electric shock when clicked.当点击的时候一半的钢笔会XX触电发电.此题考察的是动词搭配.正确答案: deliver 传递传到递送.阅读考试中deliver属于及其频繁使用的词汇.the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___.第8题正确率应该很高属于初高中级别的固定搭配what引导的从句衔接正确答案: happen.Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.第9题是唯一的一道逻辑关系题18年以前从未考察过并列逻辑关系但是已经在强化课程中特意介绍过such as 的用法而且很幸运的今年such as 成为正确答案.因为前方说的是接下来的实验replicate 复制表明前后近乎并列关系唯独such as 举例关系最接近为并列关系. The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter,同义词复现原则上文提及过人们有一种本能的内在的对不确定的好奇其实就是选择一个uncertainty / curiosity的同义词正确答案: discover.The same as 隐藏的并列结构就像在避难所一样对食物的需求. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire.好奇被认为是一种好的本能——负责解释说明it指的是好奇心能够XX新的科学发展.正确答案: lead to 前后因果关系因果关系做题技巧因lead to 果.因果关系有两种做题方法其一根据语意其二根据时间发生先后XX new新的代表后期空前代表前期.but前后表示对立关系因此but表达的是负向评价.such作为指代词应该指代前文的研究正确答案: inquiry.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.由于but后句表达负向而且下一句顺承关系也需要填入一个负向词汇正确答案: self-destructive.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image.15题目根据however前后对立关系解题however后面的动作是被鼓励主动积极的动作而15题要选一个反义词正确答案: resist 抵制. 16题被鼓励做XX期中一个关键词after表示做一件事之后会产生另一件事且how本身存在表达未知的意思正确答案: predict 且18题的主语imagining想象也有所暗示未来的意思.These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can helpdetermine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.18题考察的所有格the outcome 想象的结果能够帮助你决定是否值得努力正确答案whether. 20题复现原则long-term consequence= outcome.我们结合文章具体分析一下18年完型填空的考点.这篇文章侧重对于逻辑关系的考察比较少,对于实词题考察依旧偏高.包括词汇的复现以及固定搭配等等.当然,逻辑关系题往往是考生最容易拿分的项目.通过前后句的中文表达,选择适合的逻辑关系词是普遍的做题方法.总之，通过英语二完形填空历年真题反馈可知对词汇考察的比例愈发加重,而且单词的重复考察率非常高,这就要求19级考生扎实掌握考研5500词汇，深挖土广积粮，夯实基础，走好每一步.。

2018年考研英语完形解题思路归纳考研英语完形填空在最后的冲刺阶段如何复习，分值低、出题范围广、得分难，虽是完形填空的特点，但完形填空题也不是无规律可循的，只要我们找到它的秘密并将之破解，掌握答题技巧，考场上，我们一定可以战胜它！1、常作为正确选项出现的词汇：however、although、yet、because、but、by、capacity、however、of、moreover、offer、only if、that、which、against、any、apparent、as if、available、frequently、message、nevertheless、nor、publication、such as、something、upon等；常作为错误选项出现的词汇：about、since、at、if only、if、now that、restrict、provided、similar、since、stimulate、unless、what、in case等。

2、同现和复现是词汇的衔接手段。

完形填空所给出的文章往往有明确的主线，作者会使用一些关键词围绕主线贯穿全文。

这些关键词可能会原封不动地重复出现，也可能会以其他形式出现(例如同义词、近义词、上义词等)。

我们可以根据文章的关键词和文章的导向来解答一下题目，例如，如果判断出一个空格是上下文关键词的复现，那么我们只要从选项中选出与关键词意义相同的表达即可。

3、"态度一致"。

考研完型填空文章通常"完美"，通篇作者态度一致，从一个高度去指导整个行文。

有些题目没有具体线索可以找到时，可以从作者态度去判断答案。

4、选项里面有任何修辞意义的词汇，基本上是正确答案。

我们用角色互换的感觉去体会出题人的用意，就不难理解，即可确认答案也可做验证。

同时，考生们也可积极寻找和思考其他没有出题处的类似情况。

5、如出现陌生的选项词汇，这里注意，两个原则，选择相对简单的词汇，不要选择偏的怪的词汇。

2018考研英语二真题一、完形填空（Cloze Test）文章主要讲述了一项关于工作满意度与员工绩效之间关系的研究。

以下为部分真题及答案解析：【真题示例】Many experts have tried to_____(A) the relationship betweenjob satisfaction and job performance. Some have found apositive correlation, while others have_____(B) the results.【答案】A. define B. questioned【解析】A项define意为“定义”，B项questioned意为“质疑”。

根据句意，这里讲述的是专家们试图定义工作满意度与员工绩效之间的关系，并且有不同的研究结果。

因此，A项和B项均符合语境。

二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）Part A【真题示例】Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【Text 1】（文章内容省略）21. What do we learn about the current situation in the job market?A. A new degree often helps land a job.B. Graduates are often overqualified for their jobs.C. Many graduates are not skilled workers.D. Many graduates are not employed.【答案】D【解析】这是一道细节理解题。

2018考研英语（二）真题答案：完形填空参考答案来源：文都教育2018考研英语完形填空真题文章节选自Scientific American，原文标题Curiosity Is Not Intrinsically Good（好奇心太强从本质上来说并不是件好事）。

这篇文章主要讲述了人类解决未知问题的强烈渴望使其执意寻求问题的答案，即使显而易见答案会给人带来痛苦。

【原文】Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only thatsome were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.【答案】2.3.D resolve 2. B seek 3. C hurt4. B expose5. A trial7.8.B deliver 7. C when 8. D happen 9. A such as 10. C discoverB food 12. C lead to 13. A inquiry 14. D self-destructive 15. D resist16.D predict 17.A choose 18. B outcome 19. D whether 20. C consequences以上就是文都教育英语老师为大家提供的2018考研英语（二）完形填空参考答案。

考研英语完型填空专项试题及答案2018考研英语完型填空专项试题及答案整个考研过程中，英语这一科目是很多考生的短板学科，为帮助考生们复习完形填空部分内容，以下是店铺搜索整理的一份2018考研英语完型填空专项试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!Text 1Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’sscore on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful参考答案：Section I Use of English1. A. grants2. D. external3. C. picture4. A. For example5. B. fearful6. B. on7. A. if8. D. test9. D. success10. A. chosen11. D. otherwise12. C. conducted13. B. rated14. D. took15. B. then16. C. marked17. A. before18. C. drop19. B. undo20. C. necessaryText 2老龄化Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is asocially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that t here is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for. Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.。

2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析（2）考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量积累和语法运用，是考生最容易失分的题型之一，因而需要日常知识积累和大量的练习相结合，才有达到有效的复习效果。

下面是一套2018考研英语完形填空模拟题及其答案解析，以供大家参考进行复习。

题目：Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.About 1 o clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them.After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.1. A. setB. gotC. madeD. took2. A evenB. thoughC. soD. if3. A. when B. whereC. asD. so that4. A. fallenB. flownC. splitD. blown5. A. viewB. visionC. lookD. glimpse6. A. came upB. came outC. came overD. came on7. A. viewedB. noticedC. notifiedD. glanced8. A. afterB. beforeC. unlessD. until9. A. motionlesslyB. constantlyC. steadilyD. continually10. A. In spite ofB. In relation toC. In case ofD. In the event of11. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything12. A. laid outB. made outC. drawn outD. marked out13. A. withoutB. inC. beyondD. out of date14. A. wrenchB. wedgeC. padD. pinch15. A. cut downB. cut away C. cut outD. cut off16. A. positionB. situationC. occupationD. orientation17. A. died outB. died offC. died backD. died down18. A. Instead ofB. FurthermoreC. IndeedD. At last19. A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better20. A. climbedB. crashedC. creptD. crawled参考答案及解析：1. 【答案】C. made【解析】本题测试惯用搭配. make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of ) 朝.走去。

2018考研英语（二）真题答案：完形填空参考答案来源：文都教育2018考研英语完形填空真题文章节选自Scientific American，原文标题Curiosity Is Not Intrinsically Good（好奇心太强从本质上来说并不是件好事）。

这篇文章主要讲述了人类解决未知问题的强烈渴望使其执意寻求问题的答案，即使显而易见答案会给人带来痛苦。

【原文】Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.【答案】1.2.3.D resolve 2. B seek 3. C hurt4. B expose5. A trial7.8.B deliver 7. C when 8. D happen 9. A such as 10. C discoverB food 12. C lead to 13. A inquiry 14. D self-destructive 15. D resist16.D predict 17.A choose 18. B outcome 19. D whether 20. C consequences以上就是文都教育英语老师为大家提供的2018考研英语（二）完形填空参考答案。

2018江苏卷完形填空赏析2018江苏卷完形填空赏析Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been used up to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a serious disease. There was no cure, only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and surprising recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank. They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is illegal in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot harder than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor ached all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle, found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.Eventually, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had lost forever. “Our hair was fried and f alling out, nails broken, clothes worn to a thread, but we were alive.”During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, “Homelessness had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a partly written book. It had also given me a choice, either to leave thatpage blank or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”体裁：记叙文叙事题材：人与人夫妻遇难，徒步旅行，因祸得福。

2018年6月浙江卷一、七选五Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience．Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood．The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should．___31_____Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair．___32___ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area．Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,．When going for a walk．take along a small garbage bag．___33___ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area．___34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers．If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping．Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor．___35__By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate．A．In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone．B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways．C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior．D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping．E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up．F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting．G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly．答案：GFEBCPart 1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

2018年考研英语完型填空模拟题及答案解析【八】考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量积累和语法运用，是考生最容易失分的题型之一，因而需要日常知识积累和大量的练习相结合，才有达到有效的复习效果。

以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018年考研英语完型填空模拟题及答案解析【八】》供您查阅。

Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .The ridge 6 on a person’finger doesn’t change 7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can beachieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.1. A. uselessnessB. quantityC. magnitudeD. uniqueness2. A. naturally B. exactlyC. especiallyD. particularly3. A. passed onB. passed awayC. passed outD. passed off4. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as5. A. reasonB. causeC. groundD. case6. A. constructionB. structureC. locationD. position7. A. withB. because ofC. untilD. under8. A. graveB. severeC. substantialD. superficial9. A. outsideB. outwardC. innerD. outer10. A. in timeB. on timeC. at timesD. behind time11. A. originalB. differentC. definiteD. customary12. A. restoredB. hurtC. destroyedD. restricted13. A. diminishB. disposeC. undermineD. remove14. A. andB. butC. whenD. if15. A. makeB. takeC. doD. adapt16. A. realizationB. detectionC. identificationD. investigation17. A. In spite ofB. Irrespective ofC. Because ofD. In case of18. A. suspectedB. doubtedC. distrustedD. doubtful19. A. out of caseB. in vainC. at randomD. in question20. A. lookB. expressionC. appearanceD. sight参考答案及解析：1. 【答案】D. uniqueness【解析】本题测试词义搭配。

2018考研英语（一）真题解析：完形填空题源来源：文都教育2018考研英语一完形源文题目为Can we trust Trust？主要讲的是信任可以给我们带来许多珍贵的东西，同时也可能会有风险，不过幸运的是我们人类还拥有不信任的第六感来保护我们。

今年的完形考的不难，大家考的如何呢？下面是文都考研英语老师为大家提供的英语（一）完形真题题源。

Can we trust Trust?Od Fremantle Philosophy CaféTrust is a tricky bu siness. On the one hand, it’s a prerequisite for many worthwhile things: child care, relationships, friendships—even just eating at a restaurant. On the other hand, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.Many philosophers define trust as a kind of reliance on other people based on a certain attitude.What is the attitude that underpins trust?Philosophers have answered that question many ways. For example, some say it is a simple belief that the other person will do the right thing for the right reasons. Others say it is rooted in a felt altruism, or in the hope that displaying trust will influence the other person to do what one wants them to do.The problem with the belief view, according to Baier, was two-fold: first, it failed to distinguish trust from mere reliance, and secondly (and perhaps more importantly), it failed to make sense of the idea that when you trust someone and your trust is violated, you feel a sense of betrayal rather than mere disappointment.Trust is important, but it is also dangerous. It is important because it allows us to form relationships with people and to depend on them—for love, for advice, for help with our plumbing, or what have you—especially when we know that no outside force compels them to give us such things.But trust also involves the risk that people we trust will not pull through for us; for, if there were some guarantee that they would pull through, then we would have no need to trust them.Thus, trust is also dangerous. What we risk while trusting is the loss of the things that we entrust to others, including our self-respect, perhaps, which can be shattered by the betrayal of our trust.Trust is one pattern of reliance, where the trusting person, or trustor can’t control what the trusted person, or trustee, does, and may not even know what the trustee does at the time he does it, but plans on the trustee doing one thing rather than another.This pattern of reliance is no doubt essential to social life and basic survival.But is it rational? Does trust really amount to being stupid, or helpless, or both?” If you need a guarantee, you’re not trusting. To trust someone to do something, is to rely on them to do that thing, without having any guarantees.Even so, we often have no choice but to trust. We’re forced to count on others all the time.“Trust” is just what we call this kind of helpless dependence on others. We have got no way to make sure anyone will actually do what we count on them to do.So we say I “trust” them. But perhaps I'm missing something.Trust isn’t expectation with no guarantee. It’s expectation with a certain sort of guarantee. The sort of guarantee one gets with a promise, for example. The trustor relies on the trustee to be trustworthy. To live up to their word.Here are some ponderings:)if we take the assumption that trust is a kind of reliance: to trust someone is to rely on them in a certain kind of way.The question that philosophers ask is:What is the type of reliance that constitutes trust?So, let’s think a bout trust as follows: to trust someone to do something is to rely on them to do it and to do so out of a certain attitude towards the proposition that they will do it for the right reasons.If you think of that as the basic nature of trust, the philosophical questions are two:What is the right attitude?What are the right reasons?And you can think of philosophical disputes about the nature of trust as disputes along one of those two dimensions.But can’t we trust someone we don’t believe is trustworthy? Have you trusted trusted others to behave responsibly; believing that they really would?Trusting those who are not trustworthy, however, seems a risk we often have to take.Trusting where we cannot verify also is a risk we often have to take.What do you think of this statement?Trust is Good; Control is BetterVladimir Ilych LeninSeligman, Adam B. (1998). "On the limits of Confidence and Role Expectations". American Journal of Economics and Sociology.Ready to Trust in the Pondering?以上就是文都教育英语老师为大家提供的2018考研英语（一）完形的题源。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct thatleads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?”before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.1 / 7Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A．on B．like C．for D．from2. A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3. A．Benefit B．debt C．Hope D．price4. A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5. A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6. A．selects B．produces C．Applies D．maintains7. A．Consult B．compete C．Connect D．compare8. A．at B．by C．Of D．to9. A．context B．Mood C．period D．circle10. A．Counterparts B．substitutes C．Colleagues D．supporters11. A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12. A．Monitor B．Protect C．surprise D．delight13. A．Between B．within C．toward D．over14. A．transferred B．Added C．introduced D．entrusted15. A．out B．Back C．around D．inside16. A．Discovered B．Proved C．Insisted D．remembered17. A．betrayed B．wronged C．Fooled D．mocked18. A．forced B．Willing C．hesitant D．entitled2 / 719. A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20. A．inflexible B．Incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

2018考研英语二真题：完型填空店铺考研网为大家提供2018考研英语二真题：完型填空，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018考研英语二真题：完型填空Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard andphotographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regretstC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences。

2018全国卷1完形填空赏析During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to save a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which meant I would be learning from one of the game’s best. I could hardly wait to meet him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he taught me: “The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent (对手)is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.体裁：记叙文叙事题材：人与人选修课程，意外收获良多难词：three credits 3个学分jumped at the idea 迫不及待地接受这个想法international grandmaster 国际大师ring true 给人以真实的印象好词：this job was no game for him; he meant business此份工作对他而言绝非儿戏，他绝对公事公办。

2018考研英语完型The 2018 Graduate Entrance Examination English ClozeThe graduate entrance examination is a crucial step for many students in China who aspire to pursue higher education. The English section of the exam, which includes a cloze passage, is particularly challenging as it requires a deep understanding of the language and the ability to accurately fill in the missing words. In the 2018 graduate entrance examination, the cloze passage presented a unique set of challenges that tested the test-takers' linguistic skills and their ability to comprehend and analyze the text.The passage centered around the topic of the impact of technology on human relationships. The text discussed how the rapid advancements in technology, particularly in the realm of communication, have significantly altered the way individuals interact with one another. The passage explored the potential benefits and drawbacks of this technological revolution, providing a nuanced perspective on the subject matter.One of the key aspects of the cloze passage was the emphasis on the changing nature of interpersonal relationships in the digital age. Thetext highlighted how the widespread use of smartphones, social media, and other digital platforms has transformed the way people connect with one another. While these technologies have facilitated increased communication and the ability to maintain long-distance relationships, the passage also delved into the potential negative consequences, such as the diminishment of face-to-face interactions and the potential for social isolation.The cloze passage also touched on the role of technology in shaping the education system and the workforce. The text discussed how technological advancements have influenced the way knowledge is acquired and disseminated, as well as the changing demands of the job market. The passage explored the need for individuals to adapt to these changes and develop the necessary skills to thrive in the digital age.One of the key challenges presented in the cloze passage was the ability to accurately identify the appropriate words to fill in the blanks. The missing words ranged in complexity, from simple conjunctions and prepositions to more sophisticated vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. Test-takers were required to demonstrate a strong command of English grammar, syntax, and vocabulary to successfully complete the passage.Moreover, the cloze passage required a deep understanding of theoverall context and the ability to make logical inferences. The test-takers were expected to analyze the flow of the text, the tone, and the underlying themes to determine the most suitable words to fill the gaps. This necessitated a comprehensive grasp of the passage's content and the ability to think critically about the information presented.In addition to the cloze passage, the 2018 graduate entrance examination English section also included other components, such as reading comprehension and writing tasks. These sections further tested the test-takers' proficiency in English, requiring them to demonstrate their ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts, as well as their capacity to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written form.Overall, the 2018 graduate entrance examination English cloze passage presented a formidable challenge for test-takers. It required a strong foundation in the English language, as well as the ability to critically analyze and interpret the text. The successful completion of this section of the exam was a testament to the test-takers' linguistic skills, their adaptability to technological changes, and their commitment to achieving their academic goals.。

2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析【四】【导语】考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量积累和语法运用，是考生最容易失分的题型之一，因而需要日常知识积累和大量的练习相结合，才有达到有效的复习效果。

以下是冠珠教育为大家整理的《2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析【四】》供您查阅。

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，onaverage，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there i s a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding。