高考英语全国卷中细节概括题和细节推断题例析

高考英语阅读理解之细节理解题分析一眼“看穿”干扰项众所周知，在英语高考试题中，总词汇量最多、阅读量最大、分值最高、考试分配时间最长的是阅读理解题。

因此，高考英语越来越重视对考生阅读能力的考查。

纵观历年高考阅读理解试题，其题型设计主要有主旨大意题、事实与细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。

而其中细节理解题所占比重最大。

今天我们为老师及学生们整理了该题型的命题特点、设问方式及解题技巧以深入的剖析。

多数情况下，命题人不会明确地呈现一个事实，需要学生根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。

还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展、和人物之间的关系。

考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：①This article is particularly written for .?②When the writer says …he really means .?③The author's attitude to…is that .?④What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage?⑤The writer regards…as .?⑥The writer's purpose in writing this story is .高考细节理解题主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力，分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。

1.直接辨认细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。

2.间接辨认间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。

具体可细分为以下几种形式：No.1排序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

高考英语必考点专题17阅读理解之推理判断题和主旨大意题（精讲深剖）（含解析）(2019全国I卷B篇)For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whisperi ng support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。

毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校推理判断本类考题解答锦囊每篇文章都有一定的写作目的，作者往往期待读者读了文章后知道应当怎样去做某些事情或按某种方式思考问题。

这层意思通常并不是在文章申明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。

这就要求读者在阅读过程中去沟通外现的和内含的，已述的和未述的含义。

这就需要仔细的阅读和认真的思考，在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，去掌握语言的微妙之处，真正欣赏和理解阅读的东西；阅读中的推论是很常见的，我们所读的一切几乎都可以做出程度不同的推论。

凡推断出的内容在文章中都没有明确叙述，但却暗含在文字之中。

因此在进行推断时，必须以有关的文字部分作为推理的前提和依据。

所谓推断，指根据推测而加以判断；而推测总是根据已知的信息推断出未知的信息。

即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。

据以推理的有关文字部分可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句，甚至全文，要想做出精确的推断，必须注意以下四点。

1．细心地了解文章中所提供的全部信息和信息的各个方面。

2．分析已知的信息，用正确的观点，借助于一些常识，最大限度地捕捉到信息的本质。

3．注意词、句子的本义和与之有关的其他意义。

4．根据己知信息，即短文或有关的文字部分，做出的推断必须与作者的原意相符，切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。

推理判断往往包括数据事实推断，常识推断，逻辑结论以及推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾；向等几种类型。

1．数据事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。

是比较简单的推断。

首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，对与数字有关的推断，只需简单推算，即可得出结果。

对与事实有关的，要加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。

例题：House prices in England increased sharply between 1971 and 1972. The following records how much a house in Chelsea London, had risen in price since 1955:Take No. 29 Smith Terrace for example. In 1955,Jane Grey sold for ￡2,000. Mrs Bowena Black bought it for ￡4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for ￡22,950. Now four years later. 1)The price of the house was as high in 1972 as in the yearJane Grey sold it.A. about ten timesB. twiceC. 150 percentD. fifteen times2)Mrs Bowena Black made a prof it (利润)of______.A. ￡2,900B. ￡8,典型例题￡7,典型例题 D. ￡18,典型例题Of all the tenants,who earned most?A. The Whites.B. Jane Grey.C. Mrs Black.D. Mr White.4)When did Mrs Black buy the house?A. 1971.B. 1972C. 1968.D. 19595)Jane Grey lived at No. 29 Smith TerraceA. for four yearsB. for nine yearsC. between 1971 and 1972D. before 19556)If MrS B1aCk had waited four years to setl the house She would have earned as much as_______.A．￡28，000 B．￡18，000 C．￡30，000 D．￡25，100以上各题的推理前提均可在原文中找到。

专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细微环节理解题推理推断题主旨大意题词义揣测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细微环节理解题和推理推断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义揣测题。

细微环节理解题相对简洁，而其他三种题型相对较难。

在近两年的考查趋向上，细微环节理解题的答案更加隐藏，叙述含蓄，干脆信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细微环节题加入很多推理、推断、归纳等元素；推理推断题的难度会适当加大。

本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。

2024 卷Ⅰ7 5 2 1 卷Ⅱ9 3 2 1 卷Ⅲ9 3 2 12024 卷Ⅰ7 6 1 1 卷Ⅱ 5 6 2 2 卷Ⅲ 6 6 2 12024 卷Ⅰ10 3 1 1卷Ⅱ7 5 1 2卷Ⅲ8 4 1 2第一讲细微环节理解题——定位信息巧比对细微环节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简洁，只须要依据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。

因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。

但有些细微环节理解题由于命题人有意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目须要细致地思索、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。

尽管细微环节理解题相对简洁，但不行掉以轻心。

细微环节理解题常见的考查题型有：干脆信息题、间接信息题、概括细微环节理解题和正误推断题。

一、题型特点要知晓(一)细微环节理解题常见设问方式1．特别疑问句形式。

以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。

2．推断是非形式。

含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的推断是非的问题。

此时要留意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。

3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。

xx高考英语全国新课标II真题解析xx年全国卷II阅读理解考查内容全面，其中以细节理解的考查为主，但是推理判断题比重有所增加，主旨大意题、词义猜想题也均有涉及。

下面是分享的全国2卷真题及答案解析，希望能对大家有所帮助!(共15题：每题2分，总分值30分阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm-1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in being a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, e early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a suessful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up edian on the edy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizzreally knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do edy. The workshop looks at every kind of edy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a edian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching edy. His workshops are exciting and fun. Anevening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from hernew best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a edy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm-1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.1.A2. B3. D4. C【解析】2.B 细节理解题。

专题06 推理判断题之细节推理判断推理判断题主要考查考生准确、透彻地理解文章，理清脉络，思考提炼问题和逻辑推理的能力。

细节推理判断题，即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

旨在考查考生通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，理解作者的言外之意的能力。

解答这类题的一般步骤是：信息定位：跳读，找到相关信息点字面理解：一细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义深层理解：分析推理，在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意[微点拨]推断原则：根据原文进行推断，要有理有据，不能主观臆断！其次，一步即可推知的答案，不要把问题复杂化。

[巧归纳]细节推理判断题题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply，conclude，intend等标志性词语。

另外，题干中常含有can，could，might等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably, likely等。

AHalf a century ago, the picturesque Sicilian town of Poggioreale was hit by an earthquake that caused its citizens to flee for food, even though many buildings remained standing．What they left behind has become one of Italy’s largest ghost towns．And the place was frozen at the exact time of the quake．Girolamo Cangelosi, the mayor of a new Poggioreale town that was built further down the valley after the quake, has an idea to bring it back to life and make it shine again as it did in the past He isn’t just daydreaming．He has already begun drawing up plans and placed architect s on standby．All he’s lacking is money．Thus he recently started a global journey, setting his sights first on former Poggioreale residents (居民) and their families, 5,000 of whom he says are now living in the United States．Also scheduled was a stop in Australia, where about 4,000 more are believed to have emigrated (移居) after the quake．Cangelosi is convinced that he can not only persuade local families who have long left but still feel a strong attachment to their hometown to sink some wealth into their old home, but also turn to tourists and developers whocan lend a hand．Poggioreale is also the latest town in Sicily and elsewhere in Italy to try radical (极端的) approaches to keeping them from being forgotten．A series of other locations have sold off old houses for as little as one euro —or just over a dollar — to people willing to move in．That’s a deal that could be on the table in Poggioreale, too．In theory, it shouldn’t take much to restore Poggioreale to something like its for mer glory．The town has good facilities (设施), though in bad shape．There’s a theater, library, hospital, marketplace and even a small inn for travelers．1．What is a ghost town like according to the text?A．A town that doesn’t change much．B．A town that is related with horrible stories．C．A town that has been abandoned by its people．D．A town that is experiencing population decrease．2．Why did Cangelosi fly to America and Australia?A．To invite former residents．B．To ask for advice．C．To promote the new town．D．To seek financial support．3．What might Poggioreale do to increase its population?A．Turn tourists into land owners．B．Rebuild homes for newcomers．C．Sell its houses at a very low price．D．Ask former citizens to come back．4．What might be a suitable title for the text?A．Make a dead town aliveB．Plan for a little town’s futureC．Rescue a town from a quakeD．Keep this town in your memoryBA new report from the International Bar Association (IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupation s. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas (配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.The report suggests that the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountant s and lawyers. Financial services are more at risk than legal roles though, as algorithms (计算程序)are easier for a computer to solve when compared to keeping client relationships and making new laws. Simple physical work is also in the firing line, the authors mention.As the world population heads towards 7 to 10 billion, futurist Morris Miselowski says, “I’m not sure that this nine-to-five, Monday to Friday work as we understand it, will continue for many of us for the next couple of decades.” He forecasts that the biggest changes will be a shift (转变) away from the traditional work schedule.“Artificial intelligence (AI) ... and all sorts of new technologies are just about to happen; all of that’s going to change where, how and when w e do work.”Ms Wisskirchen was surprised by how far-reaching the effects of automation (自动化) are.“Even though automation began 30 years ago in the bule­collar sector, the new development of artificial intelligence and robotics affects not just the blue-collar sector, but the white-collar sector，” said Ms Wisskirchen.Toby Walsh, professor of Artificial Intelligence at UNSW, said there was a silver lining when it came to technology and the future of jobs.“It’s always good to remember that although technolo gy will take jobs away as they raise in this report, there will also be new jobs created by technology，” he said. “In fact if we look at the history of technology since the Industrial Revolution, more jobs have been created than destroyed.”5．What message does the new report from the IBA send?A．More jobs will be offered to humans.B．Someday humans won’t need to work.C．More jobs will be created because of AI.D．Someday robots will take over your job.6．According to Morris Miselowski, what will happen in the future?A．AI will make humans’ life easier.B．Physical work will disappear from sight.C．The traditional work hours will be changed.D．Automation will have little effect on lawyers.7．Who is optimistic about the future of jobs?A．The author. B．Toby Walsh.C．Morris Miselowski. D．Gerlind Wisskirchen.CIt’s hard to avoid getting angry. Even those who are relatively easy-going find themselves angry from time to time. Consider the following example：You’ve been under extraordinary amounts of stress lately and your daughter is late coming home from a date. As she walks in the door, you blow up at her, screaming that she’s grounded for a month.Anger is a messenger that tells us the fact that what is occurring is wrong, according to our beliefs and standards. In any event, anger like any other emotion, is not inherently (内在地) bad or wrong. Every feeling has a purpose and understanding what that is is critical to knowing how to use it in a positive and constructive way.Good anger is beneficial and results in positive changes for all those concerned. It finds solutions, uplifts, protects, corrects, and enriches lives. Bad anger, on the other hand, makes matters worse. It can cause physical, emotional and psychological pain, cause fear, damage relationships, cause the destruction of property, send people to prison, destroy lives, and even kill.Example: Your neighbor’s children ride their bikes on your lawn (草坪) even though you’ve asked them several times not to.Bad anger: You are very angry and want to go next door immediately and scold the parents, telling them that their kids are unruly and that if they were good parents they would teach their kids to respect other people’s property. You then want to demand that they pay for the damages done to your lawn and threaten them with a lawsuit (诉讼) if they don’t.Good anger: However, by giving yourself time to consider the real issues here, you determine that this is not necessarily an issue of bad parenting. Your real concern is the continued financial burden and time expended correcting the ongoing damage done by the children. The real issues, then, are your time and money. Having clearly identified them, you are now able to discuss those issues only, leaving any comment s about your neighbor’s parenting abilities out of the discussion. In this regard, you can hopefully preserve a respectful relationship with them.8．What does the underlined part “blow up at her” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Care about her.B．Fill her with anger.C．Hurt her accidentally.D．Become very angry with her.9．What is necessary to know how to use anger positively according to Paragraph 3?A．Realizing what is going wrong.B．Knowing that being angry is bad.C．Finding out the purpose of your anger.D．Letting yourself calm down immediately.10．What is the main difference between good and bad anger in the lawn problem?A．If you talk to the parents.B．If you seek financial compensation.C．If you criticize the parents for bad parenting.D．If you mention the damage caused by the kids.答案：A语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

阅读全面突破之细节理解题、推理判断题阅读全面突破之细节理解题细节理解题考查学生快速捕捉信息，并对信息进行综合分析和归纳的能力。

考纲要求考生既能理解具体的事实，又能理解抽象的概念，且能理解某句、某段的含义。

此类型的题目，有时比较直接，只要理解字面意思即可作答；有时则比较间接，需要概括、比较、计算后才能作答。

考法透析高考对英语篇章事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲出答案来。

细节理解题的常见提问方式有：What does the writer pay the least attention to?Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE/NOT true/NOT mentioned?All of the following statements may be true/false EXCEPT ________.Which of the following is NOT the result of…?Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of…?Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…/relationship of…?Which of the following maps shows the right way to…?Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often…?解题步骤1. 细心审题，带着问题找答案解答此类题目时，不必通篇细读原文，要采取代入法，即带着问题在原文中寻找答案，先从问题中找出关键词。

高考英语阅读理解题型例析及解题技巧众所周知，历年高考英语试卷的阅读理解试题，主要包括以下四种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等）、词义猜测题。

今天，我们结合历年真题，来讲解一下这四种题型的解题技巧。

一、主旨大意题这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。

1. 归纳标题题特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。

常见命题形式有：What’s the best title for the text?The best title for this passage is __________.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?2. 概括大意题包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有：What is the general/main idea of the passage?Which of the following expresses the main idea?What is the subject discussed in the text?What’s the article mainly about?【高考例题】27. What is the text mainly about? （2018全国卷Ⅲ）A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【试题解析】正确答案：A。

主旨大意题。

文章第一段提出观点：一个城市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原因的。