第2讲 第一章环境标准体系(2015年新版)

ISO14001:2015环境管理体系标准引言0.1.背景达到一个平衡的环境,社会和经济被认为是基本满足现代人的需求又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。

可持续发展作为一个目标是通过平衡可持续发展的三大支柱。

社会对可持续发展、透明度和问责的期望已经从环境污染、资源利用效率低下、废物管理不当、气候变化、生态系统退化和生物多样性丧失等方面发展了越来越严格的立法，对环境造成了越来越大的压力。

这使得环境管理组织采用一种系统化的方法通过实施环境管理体系,目的是促进环境可持续发展的支柱。

0.2.环境管理体系的目的本标准的目的是为组织提供一个框架，来保护环境和应对不断变化的环境条件与社会经济平衡的需要。

它指定要求,使一个组织能够实现预期的结果集的环境管理体系。

一个系统的环境管理方法，可以为高层管理人员提供信息，来建立长期的成功和创建选有助于可持续发展的:——保护环境预防或减轻不良环境影响;——减轻潜在的不利环境条件对组织的影响;——协助组织实现合规义务;——提高环境绩效;——控制或影响组织的产品和服务的设计、制造、分布式、消费和处理，通过使用生命周期的角度来看,可以防止环境影响生命周期内无意中被转移到别的地方;——实现财务和运营效益的同时,还实现环保的替代品,加强组织的市场地位;——环境信息交流有关利害关系方。

本国际标准,就像其他国际标准,并不打算增加或改变一个组织的法律要求。

0.3.成功因素环境管理体系的成功取决于承诺所有级别和功能的组织,由最高管理层组织利用机会来预防或减轻不良环境影响,提高有益的环境影响,尤其是那些具有战略和竞争的影响。

高层管理可以有效地解决其风险和机遇,将环境管理融入到组织的业务流程、战略方向和决策,使他们与其他业务优先级,将环境管理融入其整体管理系统。

示范的成功实现本国际标准可以用来向利害关系方保证一个有效的环境管理体系。

采用本标准本身并不能保证最优环境的结果。

本国际标准的应用可以不同，从一个组织到另一个组织的关联。

XXXXXXX有限公司环境手册ISO14001-2015文件编号：EM-01 A/10编写：审核：批准：发布日期：2017年9月10日实施日期：2017年9月10日修订记录目录第1 章概述1.1 颁布令1.2 公司简介1.3 管理者代表任命书1.4 环境手册的管理第2章管理体系范围第3章手册引用文件、术语和定义3.1 引用标准文件3.2 术语和定义第4章组织的背景4.1理解组织及其所处的环境4.2 理解相关方的需求和期望4.3确定管理体系的范围4.4管理体系及其过程第5章领导作用5.1 领导和承诺5.2 环境方针5.3 组织的岗位、职责和权限第6章质量环境管理体系策划6.1 应对风险和机遇的措施6.1.1 总则6.1.2 环境因素6.1.3 合规义务6.1.4 措施的策划6.2 环境目标及其实现策划6.2.1 环境目标6.2.2 实现环境目标措施的策划第7章支持7.1 资源7.2 能力7.3 意识7.4 信息交流7.4.1 总则7.4.2 内部信息交流7.4.3 外部信息交流7.5 文件信息7.5.1 总则7.5.2 创建和更新7.5.3 文件信息控制第8章运作8.1 运行策划和控制8.2 应急准备和响应第9章绩效评价9.1 监视、测量、分析和评价9.1.1 总则9.1.2 合规性评价9.2 内部审核9.2.1 总则9.2.2 内部审核方案9.3 管理评审第10章改进10.1 总则10.2 不符合和纠正措施10.3 持续改进1.1环境手册颁布令环境手册是本公司从事与环境管理有关的活动中必须共同遵守的纲领性文件，是公司的基本法规之一，必须严格遵守，以确保公司环境管理体系的正常运行，实现质量环境管理目标，促使公司环境管理工作得到持续改进与不断发展。

环境手册由管理者代表负责组织编写、并经总经理批准发布，是我公司环境管理工作的法规性、纲领性文件，用以统一、协调全公司的质量环境管理活动，使其基于ISO14001-2015标准要求，符合本公司产品、服务和活动中的实际情况，能指导我公司环境管理工作。

2015版环境管理体系标准2015年环境管理体系标准标准目录1. 范围2. 规范性引用文件3. 术语和定义4. 组织所处的环境4.1理解组织及其所处环境 4.2理解相关方的需求和期望 4.3确定环境管理体系的范围 4.4环境管理体系5. 领导作用5.1领导作用与承诺5.2环境方针5.3组织的岗位、职责和权限6. 策划6.1应对风险和机遇的措施 6.1.1总则6.1.2环境因素6.1.3合规义务6.1.4措施的策划6.2环境目标及其实现环境目标的策划6.2.1环境目标6.2.2实现环境目标措施的策划7. 支持7.1资源7.2能力7.3意识7.4信息交流7.4.1总则1/14页7.4.2内部信息交流 7.4.3外部信息交流 7.5文件化信息7.5.1总则7.5.2创建和更新 7.5.3文件化信息的控制 8. 运行8.1运行策划和控制 8.2应急准备和响应 9. 绩效评价9.1监视、测量、分析和评价9.1.1总则9.1.2合规性评价 9.2内部审核9.2.1总则9.2.2内部审核方案 9.3管理评审10. 改进10.1总则10.2不符合与纠正措施 10.3持续改进2/14页4组织所处的环境4.1理解组织及其所处的环境组织应确定与其宗旨相关、并影响其实现环境管理体系预期结果的外部和内部问题。

这些问题应包括受组织影响的或能够影响组织的环境状况。

4.2理解相关方的需求和期望组织应确定:a) 与环境管理体系有关的相关方;b) 这些相关方的有关需求和期望(即要求);c) 这些需求和期望中哪些将成为其合规义务。

4.3确定环境管理体系的范围组织应确定环境管理体系的边界和适用性，以界定其范围。

确定范围时组织应考虑:a) 4.1中提及的外部和内部问题;b) 4.2中提及的合规义务;c) 其组织的单元、职能和物理边界;d) 其活动、产品和服务;e) 其实施控制与施加影响的权限和能力。

范围一经确定，在该范围内组织的所有活动、产品和服务均须纳入环境管理体系。

ISO14001:2015环境管理体系标准（FDIS）目录（1/2）第一章引言第二章环境管理体系——要求与指南第一节范围第二节规范性引用文件和术语定义第三节质量管理原则第四节质量管理体系使用的基本概念和原则第三章术语和定义目录（2/2）第三章环境管理体系的建立与保持第一节建立环境管理体系的几个问题第二节初始环境评审第三节体系策划及认证准备★缩略语:ISO——国际标准化组织QMS——质量管理体系EMS——环境管理体系OHS——职业健康安全OHSMS——职业健康安全管理体系TM ———最高管理者第一节引言1第二节范围2第三节规范性引用文件/术语和定义3SQY XQCC 第四节环境管理体系要求4第二章GB/T24001-2015标准第五节各要素间的逻辑关系5第一章：引言■GB/T24001-2015标准的引言部分阐述了本标准产生的背景、环境管理体系的目的、内容等，正确理解和这些内容，是正确理解和应用标准的基础■理解要点：◆1、背景●达到一个平衡的环境,社会和经济被认为是基本满足现代人的需求又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力●社会对可持续发展、透明度和问责的期望已经从环境污染、资源利用效率低下、废物管理不当、气候变化、生态系统退化和生物多样性丧失等方面发展了越来越严格的立法，对环境造成了越来越大的压力。

第一章：引言◆2、环境管理体系的目的●本标准的目的是为组织提供一个框架，来保护环境和应对不断变化的环境条件与社会经济平衡的需要。

●它指定要求,使一个组织能够实现预期的结果集的环境管理体系。

◆3、成功因素●取决于承诺所有级别和功能的组织,由最高管理层组织利用机会来预防或减轻不良环境影响,提高有益的环境影响,尤其是那些具有战略和竞争的影响。

高层管理可以有效地解决其风险和机遇,将环境管理融入到组织的业务流程、战略方向和决策,使他们与其他业务优先级,将环境管理融入其整体管理系第一章：引言◆4、活动模型●环境管理体系的基础是建立在活动的概念(PDCA)之上的PDCA 和框架之间的关系图内外部的问题组织的环境预期的结果APCD有关各方的需求和期望领导策划改进支持与运行绩效评价第一章：引言◆5、本标准的内容●本国际标准符合ISO的管理体系标准的要求。

Table of Contents1Introduction ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 2References __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 3Definitions __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 4About Our Organization ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6 4.1Organizational Context _______________________________________________________________________________ 6 4.2Relevant Interested Parties ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 4.3Management System Scope __________________________________________________________________________ 7 4.4Management System Processes ______________________________________________________________________ 8 5Leadership & Governance _______________________________________________________________________________ 10 5.1Leadership & Commitment _________________________________________________________________________ 10 5.2Environmental Policy ________________________________________________________________________________ 11 5.3Role, Responsibilities & Authorities _______________________________________________________________ 135.3.1 Top Management _________________________________________________________________________________ 135.3.2 Environment & Sustainability Manager __________________________________________________________ 135.3.3 Environment & Sustainability Coordinator _______________________________________________________ 145.3.4 Department Managers ____________________________________________________________________________ 145.3.5 Employees ________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 6Management System Planning __________________________________________________________________________ 156.1Addressing Risks & Opportunities _________________________________________________________________ 156.1.1 General ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 156.1.2 Environmental Aspects____________________________________________________________________________ 166.1.3 Compliance Obligations __________________________________________________________________________ 176.1.4 Planning Action ___________________________________________________________________________________ 18 6.2EMS Objectives ______________________________________________________________________________________ 196.2.1 Environmental Objectives _________________________________________________________________________ 196.2.2 Planning Actions to Achieve Environmental Objectives __________________________________________ 20 7Support____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 217.1Resources ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 7.2Competence __________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 7.3Awareness ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 7.4Communication ______________________________________________________________________________________ 237.4.1 General ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 237.4.2 Internal Communication __________________________________________________________________________ 237.4.3 External Communication __________________________________________________________________________ 247.5Documented Information ___________________________________________________________________________ 247.5.1 Management System Documents ________________________________________________________________ 247.5.2 Creating & Updating______________________________________________________________________________ 257.5.3 Controlling Documented Information ____________________________________________________________ 25 8Operation _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 8.1Operational Planning & Control ___________________________________________________________________ 26 8.2Environmental Emergency Situations ______________________________________________________________ 27 9Performance Evaluation _________________________________________________________________________________ 29 9.1Monitoring, Measurement, Analysis & Evaluation _______________________________________________ 299.1.1 General ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 299.1.2 Evaluation of Compliance _________________________________________________________________________ 30 9.2Internal Audit ________________________________________________________________________________________ 309.2.1 General ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 309.2.2 Internal Audit Programme ________________________________________________________________________ 31 9.3Management Review ________________________________________________________________________________ 319.3.1 General ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 319.3.2 Inputs _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 329.3.3 Outputs ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 10Improvement ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 10.1General _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 10.2Non-conformity & Corrective Action ___________________________________________________________ 34 10.3Improvement ______________________________________________________________________________________ 35 Appendices ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 A.1Correlation Matrix ___________________________________________________________________________________ 37 A.2EMS Process Map ____________________________________________________________________________________ 39 A.3Organization Chart __________________________________________________________________________________ 404About Our Organization4.1Organizational ContextYour organization is committed to defining our position in the marketplace and understanding how relevant factors arising from internal and external issues influence our strategic direction, our organizational context, or the ability of our EMS to achieve its intended outcomes. Such issues include factors that are capable of being affected by, or capable of affecting our organization. Broadly, these issues are defined as:1.Internal issues– conditions related to our organizational activities, products, services, strategicdirection, culture, people, knowledge, processes and systems. Using SWOT analysis provides ourorganization with framework for reviewing and evaluating our strategies, and the position anddirection of our organization, business propositions and other ideas;2.External issues– conditions related to cultural, social, political, legal, regulatory, financial,technological, economic, competition at local, national or international levels. Using PESTLE analysis provides our organization with framework for measuring our market and growth potential according to external political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors;3.Environmental issues– conditions related to climate, air quality water quality, land use, naturalresource availability or biodiversity that can either affect our organization’s purpose, or be affected by our environmental aspects and impacts, which your organization must manage.Although we acknowledge that ISO 14001:2015 does not require our organizational context to be maintained as documented information, we maintain and retain; in addition to this document, the following documented information that describes our organizational context:1.SWOT Analysis Templates for internal issues;2.PESTLE Analysis Templates for external issues;3.Environmental Aspects & Impacts Registers for environmental issues;4.Business plans, strategy documents, operational procedures;5.Analysis of technology and competitors;6.Technical reports from experts and/or consultants;7.Minutes of meetings, process maps and reports, etc.Your organization and collates and assesses information about these influential factors to ensure that a continual understanding of the relevance of each factor is derived and maintained. To facilitate the understanding of our context, we regularly consider issues that influence our business during management review meetings, the results of which are conveyed via minutes and business planning documents.The output from this activity is evident as an input to determining the scope of our EMS (Refer to Section 4.3) and its processes (Refer to Section 4.4), as well as, the consideration of risks and opportunities that may affect our EMS, and the resulting actions that we take to address them (Refer to Section 6.1).4.2Relevant Interested PartiesYour organization recognizes that we have a unique set of interested parties whose needs and expectations (requirements) change and develop over time. Only a limited set of requirements are relevant to our EMS, and which are considered and managed as a compliance obligation. The criteria for y our organization’s compliance obligations include the following parameters:1.All relevant legal requirements;2. All corporate requirements imposedby upper levels of our organization; 3. All relevant requirements of relevantinterested parties that ourorganization decides to comply with, these may either be contractual (customers) or voluntary(environmental commitments). By asking ‘how the interested party (or their requirements) might affect our organization’s ability to achieve the intended outcomes of our environmental management system ?’ we are able to determine and document the relevant interested party requirements. Although not specifically required by ISO 14001:2015, your organization maintains an Interested Party Matrix that aligns a list of relevantinterestedpartiestotheircorresponding needs and expectations; with an indication of which of these has beenaccepted by our organization as a compliance obligation. Such needs and expectations, and whether they are critical to the success of our EMS, broadly include the examples shown in the table below.The outputs from this process are typically used to inform the following sections and processes of the EMS:1. 4.3 Management system scope;2. 4.4 Management system processes;3. 6.1.1 Actions to address risk and opportunities that affect the EMS;4. 6.1.2 Environmental aspect and impacts;5.6.1.3 Compliance obligations; 6.7.4 Communications.4.3 Management System ScopeBased on the scope of our activities described in Section 1 - Introduction and the analysis of the issues and requirements identified in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, your organization has established the scope of our environmental management system in order the implement the objectives and policies that are relevant to our context, physical and organizational boundaries, product life-cycles and any interested parties.Figure 2: Types of Interested PartyYour organization is able to exert authority and differing levels of control and influence over our activities, as they relate to our products and services, as performed at our facilities. The functional and organizational boundaries for the different physical locations (where applicable) and the level of control and influence are summarised below:In order for our EMS to be robust, all the activities, products and services undertaken by your organization are included with in the scope of the EMS. In this way, we are able to control and influence our activities, products and services.The scope of this document describes our EMS, delineates authorities, inter-relationships and responsibilities of process owners and personnel that operate within management system and the sequence and interaction of our processes. Conformance to ISO 14001:2015 has been verified utilizing a formal assessment and review process undertaken by <insert the name of your Registrar>.Although we recognize that ISO 14001:2015 does not require a formal manual, we have decided to retain and update our EMS manual, as our employees, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders perceive it to add value to our operations.4.4Management System ProcessesYour organization’s EMS and its processes are designed around the principle of continual improvement and adoption of the process approach methodology, using the Plan, Do, Check and Act cycle. The EMS manual generally follows the layout and high-level structure of ISO 14001:2015.In order to achieve our intended outcomes,your organization has implemented an environmental management system; based upon sound management principles, which is integrated with the key day-to-day management activities that our organization undertakes. It also exists as part of a larger strategy to establish, document and communicate our processes, their interactions, our policies and objectives; whilst satisfying the requirements of ISO 14001:2015. EMS processes are defined to address:1.Supplier, manufacturer, internal and external issues;2.Material, resource and energy usage;3.Waste and emissions generation;4.Design, operation, production and logistics;5.Activities, products, and services;6.Customers and end-users.An environmental review is conducted every 3 years ahead of re-certification to determine any changes to our organization which may affect the intended outcomes of our EMS. In addition, to meet the requirements of ISO14001:2015, your organization also determines any changes to our internal and external context inwhich we operate (Refer to Section 4.1) and the changing needs and expectations of interested parties (Refer to Section 4.2).Process controls are defined by tools and documents, such as; documented procedures, process maps, flow diagrams, matrices, schedules, and charts, etc. Refer to the EMS Process Map located in Appendix A.2 that shows the processes and the interactions that allow our organization to establish, implement, maintain and continually improve our management system.The effectiveness and integration of the each process and its subsequent output is measured and evaluated through regular internal audits, inspections and data analysis. The monitoring of key performance indicators (KPIs) which are linked to our objectives are used to measure and communicate process performance. This approach allows Top management to regularly review the EMS to ensure its ongoing integration with in the business.As part of the decision making process, we use trends and statistical data related to non-conformities, environmental aspects, obligations, targets, objectives and corrective actions, as well as, monitoring and measurement results, audit results and compliance data, to ensure that objective, and responsible management decisions are made.AppendicesA.1 Correlation MatrixThis section provides a matrix to correlate the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 against the relevant sections in this document and should be used to determine where the new and amended clauses are located.A.2 EMS Process MapEnergyMaterials Finance PeopleRestrictions OpportunitiesSpecificationVolumeProducts Waste Emissions Capacity to reduce wasteCapacity to influence supplyInsert your company’s name or logo. ISO 14001:2015EMS Manual Page 40 of 40A.3 Organization Chart<Insert your organization chart here>。

XXXXXXX有限公司环境手册ISO14001-2015文件编号：EM-01 A/10编写：审核：批准：发布日期：2017年9月10日实施日期：2017年9月10日修订记录目录第1 章概述1.1 颁布令1.2 公司简介1.3 管理者代表任命书1.4 环境手册的管理第2章管理体系范围第3章手册引用文件、术语和定义3.1 引用标准文件3.2 术语和定义第4章组织的背景4.1理解组织及其所处的环境4.2 理解相关方的需求和期望4.3确定管理体系的范围4.4管理体系及其过程第5章领导作用5.1 领导和承诺5.2 环境方针5.3 组织的岗位、职责和权限第6章质量环境管理体系策划6.1 应对风险和机遇的措施6.1.1 总则6.1.2 环境因素6.1.3 合规义务6.1.4 措施的策划6.2 环境目标及其实现策划6.2.1 环境目标6.2.2 实现环境目标措施的策划第7章支持7.1 资源7.2 能力7.3 意识7.4 信息交流7.4.1 总则7.4.2 内部信息交流7.4.3 外部信息交流7.5 文件信息7.5.1 总则7.5.2 创建和更新7.5.3 文件信息控制第8章运作8.1 运行策划和控制8.2 应急准备和响应第9章绩效评价9.1 监视、测量、分析和评价9.1.1 总则9.1.2 合规性评价9.2 内部审核9.2.1 总则9.2.2 内部审核方案9.3 管理评审第10章改进10.1 总则10.2 不符合和纠正措施10.3 持续改进1.1环境手册颁布令环境手册是本公司从事与环境管理有关的活动中必须共同遵守的纲领性文件，是公司的基本法规之一，必须严格遵守，以确保公司环境管理体系的正常运行，实现质量环境管理目标，促使公司环境管理工作得到持续改进与不断发展。

环境手册由管理者代表负责组织编写、并经总经理批准发布，是我公司环境管理工作的法规性、纲领性文件，用以统一、协调全公司的质量环境管理活动，使其基于ISO14001-2015标准要求，符合本公司产品、服务和活动中的实际情况，能指导我公司环境管理工作。

XXXXXXX有限公司环境手册ISO14001-2015文件编号：EM-01 A/10编写：审核：批准：发布日期：2017年9月10日实施日期：2017年9月10日修订记录目录第1 章概述1.1 颁布令1.2 公司简介1.3 管理者代表任命书1.4 环境手册的管理第2章管理体系范围第3章手册引用文件、术语和定义3.1 引用标准文件3.2 术语和定义第4章组织的背景4.1理解组织及其所处的环境4.2 理解相关方的需求和期望4.3确定管理体系的范围4.4管理体系及其过程第5章领导作用5.1 领导和承诺5.2 环境方针5.3 组织的岗位、职责和权限第6章质量环境管理体系策划6.1 应对风险和机遇的措施6.1.1 总则6.1.2 环境因素6.1.3 合规义务6.1.4 措施的策划6.2 环境目标及其实现策划6.2.1 环境目标6.2.2 实现环境目标措施的策划第7章支持7.1 资源7.2 能力7.3 意识7.4 信息交流7.4.1 总则7.4.2 内部信息交流7.4.3 外部信息交流7.5 文件信息7.5.1 总则7.5.2 创建和更新7.5.3 文件信息控制第8章运作8.1 运行策划和控制8.2 应急准备和响应第9章绩效评价9.1 监视、测量、分析和评价9.1.1 总则9.1.2 合规性评价9.2 内部审核9.2.1 总则9.2.2 内部审核方案9.3 管理评审第10章改进10.1 总则10.2 不符合和纠正措施10.3 持续改进1.1环境手册颁布令环境手册是本公司从事与环境管理有关的活动中必须共同遵守的纲领性文件，是公司的基本法规之一，必须严格遵守，以确保公司环境管理体系的正常运行，实现质量环境管理目标，促使公司环境管理工作得到持续改进与不断发展。

环境手册由管理者代表负责组织编写、并经总经理批准发布，是我公司环境管理工作的法规性、纲领性文件，用以统一、协调全公司的质量环境管理活动，使其基于ISO14001-2015标准要求，符合本公司产品、服务和活动中的实际情况，能指导我公司环境管理工作。