2006年全国医学博士统一考试英语听力录音文本

2006年高考试题——英语听力（全国卷1）录音稿第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。

1.How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.￡7.5.B.￡15.C.￡50.2.Which is the right gate for the man’s flight?A.Gate 16.B.Gate 22.C.Gate 25.3.How does the man feel about going to school by bike?A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Worried.4.When can the woman get the computers?A.On Tuesday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.5.What does the woman think of the shirt for the party?A.The size is not large enough.B.The material is not good.C.The color is not suitable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力上册目录目录《考博英语一本通》系列丛书序言3考博英语一本通使用说明5第一部分考试指南7一、博士研究生考试指南7二、考博前期准备8三、导师联系和公关13四、专业和院校选择19五、专业课复习策略20六、资料和真题收集方法22七、面试技巧23第二部分医学考博英语复习指导25一、全国医学博士外语统一考试简介25二、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲26三、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题分析27四、医学考博英语复习策略32第三部分考博英语专项突破35第一章词汇突破——大规模记忆词汇的方法35医学考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析35第一节、概述35第二节、大规模记忆词汇的基本方法37第三节、词缀39第四节、词汇解题思路43第五节、考博词汇综合练习（Exercise One- Exercise Twelve）53第二章阅读理解84医学考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析84第一节、核心理论－化繁为简去伪存真86第二节、解题技巧1－框架结构阅读模版90第三节、解题技巧2－问题类型解题要点102第四节、精准定位－原文命题高发考点118第五节、精准理解－高频词汇长难词句124第六节、阅读理解实战讲解133第七节、阅读理解综合练习137第三章完形填空153医学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析153第一节概述:考试目的和内容156第二节解题方法：一个中心157第三节解题方法：两个结构之层层递进158第四节解题方法：两个结构之对立观点160第五节解题方法：三个层次之篇章161第六节解题方法：三个层次之语法164第七节解题方法：三个层次之词汇165第八节完形填空综合练习(Exercise One-Ten) 167第四章英语写作179医学考博英语写作题型概述及考情分析179第一节、摘要写作概述179第二节、英文摘要写作180第三节、英文短文写作技巧185第五章语法197医学考博英语语法概述及考情分析197第一节语法概述197第二节动词的时态和语态198第三节非谓语动词203第四节虚拟语气210第五节从句213第六节强调与倒装218第四部分医学考博英语历年真题2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析235 2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2522015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2562015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析271 2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2832014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2882014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析303 2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文319下册目录第四部分医学考博英语历年真题（续）32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析17 2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文242012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题292012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析41 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文472011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷512011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析622011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文682010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题712010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析84 2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文892009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题922009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析103 2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文109 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1132008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析123 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文129 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1322007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析143 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文148 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1522006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析163 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文168 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1722005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析183 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文188 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1912004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析203 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文209 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2122003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析224 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文231 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2362002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析249 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文255 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2602001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析274 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文281第五部分参考资料284参考资料1:全国博士英语统一考试高频词组284参考资料2:考博英语形近易混淆词总结284参考资料3:考博英语完形填空常考词组及固定搭配汇总284参考资料4:考博英语万能写作模板284参考资料5:医学考博英语写作必记分类词汇284参考资料6:全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲(医学）284。

医学博士英语听力Medical Doctorate in English ListeningListening is an essential skill for medical doctors. When a patient is describing their symptoms, it is critical adoctor listens carefully to the patient to ensure accuracy in diagnosis and provisions of treatments. Thus, having strong listening skills ca n improve a medical doctor’s ability to provide accurate healthcare services.In order to cultivate such listening skills, a medical doctor needs to have a good knowledge of the English language. This includes knowledge of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. Having these components in place will provide the medical doctor with a solid foundation for understanding medical terminology as well as patient’s description of their symptoms.Additionally, it is important for a medical doctor to practice listening to various types of conversations. Thiswill help them understand how native speakers communicate and better parse the details of a conversation. By engaging insuch activities, a medical doctor can hone their listening skills and become adept at understanding nuances in wordchoice and meanings.Finally, a medical doctor can supplement their training with supplemental materials and resources. Through careful study of audio recordings or online lectures, they can learnto identify common speech patterns and learn new words. With consistent effort, even a medical doctor with a less than perfect grasp of the English language can eventually becomeproficient in the language and be able to provide better care for their patients.。

2006年全国医学考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelled cancelled v. 取消；作废；解约（cancel的过去分词）adj.取消的conceal [kən'siːl]vt. 隐藏；隐瞒B.endorsed endorse [ɪn'dɔːs; en-]vt. 背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名C.cashed cash [kæʃ]vt. 将…兑现；支付现款n. 现款，现金n. 现款D.endowed endow [ɪn'daʊ; en-]vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有32.She claimed that she was denied deny [dɪ'naɪ]vi. 否认；拒绝vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求admission to admission to:准许 | 进入 | 允许进入the school ___ her raceA.by virtue of 由于，凭借B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.with respect to 关于；至于D.on account of 由于；因为；为了…的缘故33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up 站着；起立ing up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出C.sitting in列席，旁听；参加；代理D.filling in 填写；填充；替代34.The witness was___ by the judge for failing to 未能answer the questionA.sentenced n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决 vt. 判决，宣判B.threatenedC.admonished vt. 告诫；劝告D.jailed n. 监狱；监牢；拘留所 vt. 监禁；下狱35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private 私下地；秘密地they are very worried.A..put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止ugh off 用笑摆脱C.pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复y off 解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer adj. 绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的 adv. 完全；陡峭地___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.pride n. 自豪；骄傲；自尊心 vt. 使得意，以…自豪D.privacy n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scattered vi. 分散，散开；散射 vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播n. 分散；散播，撒播B.condensed vi. 浓缩；凝结 vt. 使浓缩；使压缩C.clogged v. 阻塞；障碍 n. 障碍；木底鞋D.dotted adj. 星罗棋布的；有点的 v. 点缀（dot的过去分词）；布满；打点于38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison. condine n. 界限，边界;约束；限制 vt. 限制；禁闭A. precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的B.solitary adj. 孤独的；独居的n. 独居者；隐士 solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的 n. 远程D.confidential adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的 confidentiality n. 机密，[计] 机密性 confidence n. 信心；信任；秘密 confident adj. 自信的；确信的39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require vt. 需要；要求；命令tasks well.A.productive adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的B.flexible adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的C.sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式）D.versatile adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的40.Various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled n. 混乱；杂乱的一堆东西vi. 混杂；搀杂vt. 使混乱；搞乱B.tumbled vi. 摔倒；倒塌；滚动；打滚；仓惶地行动vt. 使摔倒；使滚翻；弄乱n. 跌倒；C.bumbled vi. 犯错误；踉跄；结结巴巴地说话vt. 弄糟；搞坏n. 错误D.humbled adj. 谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的；不大的vt.使谦恭；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气Section B41. oblivious adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的shower.n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨intersperse with.点缀着 intersperse vt. 点缀；散布vi. 点缀；散布A.interruptedB.blockedC.blended vt. 混合vi. 混合；协调n. 混合；掺合物D.intersected intersect vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿43.thrombus n. [病理] 血栓clot vi. 凝结n. [生理] 凝块vt. 使凝结成块44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的 ,坚持地A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly 稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually 永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously 精神旺盛地47.wit n. 智慧；才智；智力48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work donefed up with受够了...A.anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦vi. 感到极度的痛苦B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by 烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all. 一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次A.at the moment 此刻；当时B.at any time 在任何时候C.for a while暂时D.for the last time最后一次50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.absorbed in 全神贯注于……A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced 强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强D.enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹完型填空57.A.on the level of 诚实的；可靠的；坦率地；老实说B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.by means of 用，依靠D.in view of 考虑到,鉴于Reading comprehensionpassage 21.High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace 神速(frantic adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的;pace n. 一步；步速；步伐)is taking its toll造成损失，造成伤亡(toll n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税),according to science writer James Gleick. It’s as if 犹如，好似the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness n. 疾病；呕吐；弊病”of the many.2.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰(obsess vt. 迷住，缠住；使…着迷；使…困扰) and generally rushed n. 冲进；匆促；adj.急需的vt.使冲；突袭；匆忙地做飞跃than ever before比以往任何时候更”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎 Everything,a survey n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览 of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster.3.Technology has conditioned n. 条件；情况；环境；身份vt. 决定；使适应；使健康；以…为条件us to expect vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料instant results.Internet purchases 网络购物 arrive by next-day delivery and the microwave 微波炉delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory 义务的（=obligate；obligation）—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading股票交易and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates总统候选人 on network newscasts n. 新闻广播restaurants have added express lanes快车道；单向行驶道.4.High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的n. 摘要，简报；概要，诉书wait for an elevator seem interminable adj. 冗长的；无止尽的. “A go od waiting time is in the neighborhood在附近of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然的upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts vi. 停止；立定；踌躇，犹豫the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪 squirm vi. 蠕动，扭动；羞愧，不舒服if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concept of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.电话代表.representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的n. 代表；典型；众议员5.Up-tempo快节奏living has turned people multitaskers?-eating while driving,writing an e-mail while talking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.分区屏幕Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to 调节；调整以适应these new levels of stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）as high-speed culture challenges our brains?in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war?.We may gain the flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 深入地；全面地on a single task.66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the nu mber of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the rise 在增加；在上涨B.out of controlC.on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中D.under investigation 在调查研究中67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of不包括；除…外.exclusive adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者.except of除了…以外；要不是由于A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率vi. 匆忙；赶紧vt. 赶快68．The best conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论 can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technology.boom vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声D.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of 只知皮毛a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with 在…灵活their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on 注意力集中于…trivial thingspassage 31.Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people 中年人or leaving them chronically disabled.vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格.Then one day researchers come up with 提出；想出；赶上 a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier effects.糟糕的影响.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful.感激不尽(eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地)(grateful adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的，宜人的)（nastier 下流的,严重的,难对付的,激烈的（nasty的比较级）2.The disease does exist.vi. 存在；生存；生活；继续存在.It is called tobacco addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜.(addict n. 有瘾的人；入迷的人vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾).The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema 肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话,花束. Prevailing vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow n. 穿插表演；串演的节；小事件,distracting vt. 转移；分心smokers from the task of quitting vt. 离开；放弃；停止；使…解除.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑because it could give smokers an excuse n. 借口；理由vt. 原谅；为…申4.But this logic is flawed adj.有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹).Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum尼古丁胶姆糖(gum n. 口香糖；树胶；橡皮),patches and drugs to ease the ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion…的比例of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带vt. 紧握；夹紧,and many smoker are caught in 遇到，陷入；淋雨a trap vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve vi. 应受，应得the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.vi. 吞下；咽下.It certainly leaves,左右为难. They are happylip service to something 口头上承认)methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,took years to指望,依赖even consider regulating vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理(regardless adj. 不管；不顾；不注意)the dangerous additives n. 添加剂，食物添加剂；附加剂(addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜)in cigarettes.6.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释 the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case在这件事中；照目前这个情况,even if 即使；虽然both drugs turn out证明是to work in human trials人体试验,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects 副作用of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送vi. 举枪瞄准adj. 现在的；出席的n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution n. 分辨率；决议；解决；决心to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform vt. 执行；完成；演奏preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat vt. 反对；与…战斗against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion 得出结论；作结论from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制vi. 忍住；克制 it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 41.Eating is related to 与…有关emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining n. 增加；利润；收获vt. 获得；增加；赚到 both food and emotional security ,conditions n. 条件（condition的复数）；情况v. 使习惯于；作为…的条件（condition的第三人称单数形式）the association n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想of eating with well-being n. 幸福；康乐or with deprivation n. 剥夺；损失；免职；匮乏；贫困.If the child is breast-fed adj. 吃母奶的and has supportive adj. 支持的；支援的；赞助的body contact身体接触as well as good mild intake n. 摄取量；通风口；引入口；引入的量,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous adj. 神经的；紧张不安的；强健有力的and resents vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶 the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle n. [建] 把手；柄；手感；口实vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸 the child hostilely 敌对地during the feeding,or props vt. 支撑；维持n. 支柱；支持者 the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance(disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑) 情绪困扰 at an early age.If ,in addition另外，此外,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars n. [医疤痕；创伤（scar的复数形式）；冻结物v. 给…留下伤痕；在…的心灵上留下创伤（scar的第三人称单数形式）of such emotional deprivation throughout life.2.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to conj. 倾向于…；有意eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event有意义事件(significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物),then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely adv.不利地；逆地；反对地affected by it.This can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless thethe fact of conditioning and to the possible need for her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into 深入到;渗透到(spill vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下vi.溢出，流出；摔下；涌流n.溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下,小塞子)and is often reinforced vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充vi. 求援；得到增援；给予更多的支持n. 加强；加固物；加固材料 by religious beliefs 宗教信仰and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of 意识到the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with 与……相互作用his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically adv. 生理学方面,but not emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of 摆脱physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD.observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 51.Several classes of bitter 苦的citrus compound vt. 合成；混合；和解妥协；搀合vi. 和解；妥协n. [化学] 化合物；混合物；复合词adj. 复合的；混合的 have looked promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）as anticancer agents 抗癌药,抗癌剂(agent,n.代理人；药剂；特工vt.由…作中介；由…代理adj.代理的)in laboratory tests. A new study indicates v.表明；指示，显示that long-term consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨 of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.2.In test-tube adj.人工授精的；在试验管中作成的n. 试管；试验管；人工受精(tube n. 管；电子管；隧道；电视机vt.使成管状；把…装管；用管输送vi.乘地铁；不及格)studies, one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited vt.抑制；禁止the growth of breast cancer 乳腺癌cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔 limonoids similarly adv.同样地；类似于 ward off 避开；挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思 over such data(mull sth. over (=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事),Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect.3.His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for 弥补…；赔偿…(compensate vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬)sugars in the juice.4.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in WashingtonD.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normaldiet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence n. 发生率；影响；[光] 入射；影响范围(incident 事件，事变；插曲).5.Concludes结论Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to 适用于；应用于breast,prostate adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺,and lung cancers.6.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation美国健康基金会in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction unimpressive adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.7.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data“quite interesting.” although he describes as描述为“borderline”n. 边界线，边界；界线adj. 边界的；暧昧的 the suppression n.抑制；镇压；[植]压抑 of cancer incidence observed vt. 庆祝vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论by m has inhibited vt. 抑制；禁止 tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice n. 老鼠（mouse的复数）with limonoinds.8.The scientists don’t know what compounds in or ange juice underlie vt. 成为……的基础；位于……之下its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version n.版本；译文of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed vt. 抑制；镇压；废止tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates vi. 推测；投机；思索vt. 推断,that rats convert vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者the juice’s limonoid into limonin.9.Indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地；甚至,argues vi.争论,辩论；提出理由vt. 辩论，争论；证明；说服Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that th ese anticancer citus compounds are bioavailable 生物及生物药效应的in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake n. 摄取；领会；举起of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypothesize vt. 假设，假定the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support 财务支援，财政支援with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨that supprisses tumorsB.the existence n.存在，实在；生存，生活；存在物，实在物of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 61.Just before dawn 凌晨；黎明前；拂晓we received a call that an unresponsive adj. 反应迟钝的；无反应的infant was being brought by emergency medical services 紧急医疗服务to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric adj.小儿科的resident,intern,respiratory therapist呼吸治疗师,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie adj. 可怕的；怪异的silence enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于a pediatric resuscitation n. 复苏；复兴；复活.(cardiopulmonary-resuscitation 心肺复苏)2.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions n. 胸部按压（compression的复数）(compression n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫)being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we simultaneously adv. 同时地performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion oflines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压)完全无用; 徒然; 无效地; 毫无效果,无济于事.this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated vi.空出，腾出；辞职；休假the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”3.I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed n. 接见，采访；面试，面谈vt. 采访；接见；对…进行面谈；对某人进行面试by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronounced vt. 发音；宣判；断言vi. 发音；作出判断and not knowing the condition of his son.4.The father and I sat with chaplain n. 牧师；专职教士to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned vt. 使震惊；打昏；给以深刻的印象n. 昏迷；打昏；惊倒；令人惊叹的事物look on his face that he knew before I finished my2006年全国医学考博英语真题story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制；发低沉的声音n. 低沉的声音；消声器；包裹物（如头巾，围巾等）；唇鼻部voice.“I am sorry your child passed away去世；停止；度过时间.”5.We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room复苏室.The infant,who only moments ago lay covered with blood and secretions n. 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏oozing from从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in把…包在…里，遮蔽，使陷于soft blankets,and now presenting the body to the grieving vt. 使悲伤，使苦恼vi. 悲痛，哀悼fathet.He seemed relieved vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I tend to the busy emergency department;seeingadj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝my emotional I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue 停尸房.虑,反省段情节\插曲,I realized that ouradj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细[动]停止（arrest vt. 逮捕；阻止；吸引n. 逮捕；监禁）.But it was the compassionate work of the nurse that ultimately adv. 最后；根本；基本上made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of 意识到law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty 玩忽职守；失职；过失责任in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness n. 机敏，敏捷；迅速the procedure 程序，过程90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody vt. 体现，使具体化；具体表达medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations。

2006年高考试题——英语听力（全国卷1）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。

1.How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.£7.5.B.£15.C.£50.2.Which is the right gate for the man’s flight?A.Gate 16.B.Gate 22.C.Gate 25.3.How does the man feel about going to school by bike?A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Worried.4.When can the woman get the computers?A.On Tuesday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.5.What does the woman think of the shirt for the party?A.The size is not large enough.B.The material is not good.C.The color is not suitable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练-第2期医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练-第2期在准备2010年博士研究生入学考试医学博士英语科目期间，我进行了一定的听力练习。

现将我所听过的一些听力材料拿出来与大家分享，希望对备考医学博士英语及对英语有兴趣的战友有所帮助。

下面先简要的介绍一下医学博士英语统一考试的听力部分（截止至2010年3月的信息，若有所变动的话，望各位站友指正）。

听力部分包括短对话和短文两部分：短对话共15道题，每题1分，共计15分；短文有3篇，通常由1篇长对话和2篇短文组成，每篇后附有5个问题，共15道题，每题1分，共计15分。

听力分值占整个试卷分值的30%，这充分反映了本考试对考生的英语应用和交际能力的高度重视，同时也对广大考生提出了一个严峻的挑战。

我个人认为，若想在英语考试中取得较为理想的成绩，听力部分的得分应不少于15分。

这就需要大家平时多做这方面的练习，多分析，多总结，在实践中提升自己的听力水平。

在此，本人在医学有声英语版块开展这个系列活动，希望能够起到一个抛砖引玉的作用。

望各位站友积极参加，同时也希望有这方面材料的站友参与活动的主持工作。

活动的听力材料来源于《医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练》，大家可以参考这本书。

第2期活动，仍给出三篇短文的听力录音及问题选择项的文本部分。

望各位站友能按照正式考试的要求，一遍听过，并回答完相应的问题，这样才能了解自己的真实水平。

之后，可以反复多听几次，看看自己那些地方没听明白，那些问题答错了。

规则：1. 听录音，发答案的时间为每期活动开始后的2周内，逾期不给予加分奖励；2周后公布听力录音原文及参考答案并再讨论2周。

2. 答案发帖后请不要编辑，否则不予加分。

3. 答案正确率不低于50%的帖子将给予加分。

Passage 41. A. To find out how to prevent illness.B. To find out how to maintain a nutritious diet.C. To find out if she has the flu.D. To find out the results of a blood test.2. A. She gets ill at the same time every year.B. She doesn’t get enough exercise.C. She often has difficulty sleeping.D. She is sick with influenza throughout the winter.3. A. Cough, running nose. B. Fever, chills.C. DiarrheaD. Head-and-bone-aches.4. A. She is unwilling to be immunized. B. She doesn’t get enough rest.C. She forgets to take the medicine.D. She doesn’t dress warmly enough.5. A. Physical examinations are given free there.B. She can get an influenza vaccination there.C. She will be able to get a prescription for medication there.D. She will find literature on nutrition there.Passage 51. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitor.C. A physician.D. A dieter.2. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.3. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup.C. Antidiarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.4. A. The cold weather. B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.5. A. Take the medicine from the woman. B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days. Passage 61. A. The driver’s birthday. B. A working day.C. A holiday.D. April Fool’s day.2. A. He’ll take his revenge. B. He’ll be surprised.C. He’ll usually laugh.D. He’ll get angry.3. A. He turned to the passengers anxiously..B. He turned to the passengers with a smile.C. He turned to the passengers angrily.D. He turned to the passengers with a worried look.4. A. To stand up suddenly. B. To sit quietly.C. To get off the bus.D. To lean forward suddenly.5. A. The bus started up at great rate. B. The passengers laughed delightedly.C. The passengers got off.D. The passengers got angry.。

2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按"考场指令"要求,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好;2. 试卷一Paper One答案和试卷二PaperTwo答案都作答在标准答题卡上,不要做在试卷上;3. 试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑:如要更正,先用橡皮擦干净;书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域;4. 标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净,以利评分;5. 听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间;国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension 30%Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between twospeakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example.You will hear.Woman: 1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all dayQuestion: What's the matter with the womanYou will read.A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answerNow let's begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. take the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. It's hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to the man's heartC. She is feeling the man's pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym. B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesn't have any allergiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music. B. Read magazines.C. Go play tennis.D. Stay in the house12 A She isn’t feeling well B. She is under pressure.C. She doesn't like the weather D She is feeling relieved13. A. Mlchael's wife was ill.B. Michael's daughter was illC. Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. is absent-minded B. She is in high spirits.C. She is indifferent.D. She is compassionate.15. A. Ten years ago B. Five years ago.C. Fifteen years ago.D. Several weeks ago.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of .your choice on the ANSWER SHEETDialogue16. blood test.B. A gastroscopyC. A chest X-ray exam.D. A barium X-ray test.17. lose some weight.B. To take a few more testsC. To sleep on three pillows.D. To eat smaller lighter meals18. A. Potato chips. B. Chicken. C. Cereal. D. fish.19 . A. Ulcer B. Cancer C. Depression D. Hernia20. A. He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B. He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21 A. Anew concept of diabetesB. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C. The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D. The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.B. Because it becomes overactive easily.C. Because it is usually in injection form.D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longerfindings provide insight into how insulin works.C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D. Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.PassageTwo26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the brain.C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31 B. 6. . D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasn't brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary 10%Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the wordorphrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution, he never __ from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilize33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to _ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their planA. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy pricesA. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenableSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There arefour words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze 10%Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth, 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father, 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism , 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low51 A. suggests B. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52. A. since B. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. what B. whomC. who54. A. predicted B. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. where B. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as many B. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threat B. puzzleD. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59. A. Therefore B. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihood B. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension 30%Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETPassage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percentAsk Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug or in this case a drug cocktail is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary informationWho's to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question_ A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the ., chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's guaranteea transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructureof a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold 支架 with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplantBut the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic,but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intendedtoA. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the .D. address the source of liver transplants67 What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratchA. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B. A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. Growing liver cells in the donor organ68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab untilA. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liverA. The rats as wrong recipients.B. The time point of the transplantation .C. The short period of the recellularization.D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.70. The research team holds high hopes ofA. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea--the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study,the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, therestored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.71 What is the main idea of this passageA. Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B. The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C. The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for10 years.D. The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.72. The Italian technique reported in this passageA. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burnsA. The places in which people work.B. The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C. The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D. The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.74. What is one of the requirements for the current approachA. The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B. The patient physically healthy.C. The damaged eye with partial vision.D. The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.75. Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards thenew methodA. Sarcastic.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. PositivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies--and are only partly explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail 开创, after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation .Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle--fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicineIt's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor76. As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects -A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based projectA. Where to live.B. Which race to belong toC. How to adjust environmentally.D. What medical problem to suffer.78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. Which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologistsA. The racial perspective.B. The environmental aspect.C. The biological dimension.D. The psychological angel.80. The author is a big fan ofA. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered , according to a report on the findings published in the WallStreet Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJreports. At the very, least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amidthe cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. Theyused the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies。

2006年高考试题——英语听力（上海卷）录音稿I. Listening Comprehension.Part A Short ConversationsDirections:In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fried chicken. B. Hamburgers. C. A pizza. D. Seafood.2. A. A new job. B. A party. C. A new house. D. Some drinks.3. A. She doesn't like reading. B. She's already read the book.C. She is too busy to read the book.D. She's almost finished the book.4. A. Frightening. B. Interesting. C. Enjoyable. D. Dull.5. A. It is time that he won the scholarship. B. No one believes that he won the scholarship. C. He's surprised that he got the scholarship. D. He's glad to award the woman the scholarship.6. A. The 4:40 bus. B. The 5:00 bus. C. The 5:20 bus. D. The 5:40 bus.7. A. An airhostess. B. A cook. C. A waitress. D. A hotel manager.8. A. At a police station. B. At a bank.C. At an employment agency.D. At a post office.9. A. Someone helped him with the work.B. Someone has done the work for him.C. He didn't quite finish the work.D. He did the work alone.10. A. He doesn't love jazz. B. He hasn't heard any music for a long time.C. He'd prefer silence for a while.D. He'd like to listen to some jazz.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 3 years. B. 4 years. C. 15 years. D.18 years.12. A. A lawyer. B. A professor. C. An artist. D. An interpreter.13. A. They've overcome their language problems.B. They overtook others in learning Russian.C. They still have problems speaking English.D. They worked in a restaurant to practise English.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. The Spanish flu. B. The Asian flu. C. The Hong Kong flu. D. Bird flu.15. A. In 1968. B. In the 21st century. C. In 1957. D. Over a century ago.16. A. Bird flu viruses. B. Several kinds of flu.C. Causes of flu.D. Some most common viruses.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will .be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversationComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answerBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation1-5 DBCDC 6 -10 CABAD 11 -15 BCAAD 16 B 17. boxes18. Potatoes / potatoes 19. ordinary 20. 15 21. comfortable 22. colour / color 23. order another (one) 24. hot cakes听力原文Part A Short Conversations1. -Were you here on March 5th?-Mm, not really. In fact I arrived three days later.Q: When did the woman arrive?2. -Is this the Eastern Airline check-in?-Yes. Can I see your ticket, please?Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?3. -What did you do on the beach?-You know, made sand castles that sort of things, and hunted for shells.Q: What are the two speakers probably talking about?4. -Paul, are you taking the bus or the underground to your office?-My doctor suggests I walk, not even cycle.Q: How will the man go to his office?5. -Would you like to go to the movies with me this evening？-I’d love to. But I’m just getting over the flue.Q: What will the woman probably do this evening？6. -Yes, madam. What seems to be the problem?-I’d like to report a robbery. It’s my car. It’s been stolen.Q: What’s probably the man’s occupation?7. -Would you like to go to the ballet next Friday? I’ve got two tickets.-Oh, that sounds like fun.Q: How does the woman feel?8. -What about going for a bike-ride? It stopped raining half an hour ago.-But the road might still be wet.Q: What does the woman mean?9. -How many more cups should we get for the picnic?-Don’t we have enough by now?Q: What does the man imply?10. -Have you completed your assignment?-My computer isn’t affected with a virus.Q: What does the man imply?Part B Passages5 years ago, I had to make a big decision. At that time, I was working for a small engineering com pany. However, thing were not going very well for the company and it was losing money. One day , the boss told us that the company was out of business. We were all unemployed. That lunch time we went to the pub as usual. We were all very depressed. While of course, we talked about the pro blem. Then the landlord of the pub heard the news. He said, “Why don’t you buy the company.” A t first we all laughed and then we started to discuss it properly. We knew the problems. The compa ny had lost a lot of customers because it hadn’t developed new products, but finally we decided to go for it. So we bought the company. The first few years were very difficult. But we worked hard and we had a bit of luck. We began to improve 3 years ago. Since then we have done pretty well. Last years we took on 4 new people. And so far this year we have taken on another ten.11. Who bought the company that was out of business?12. When did the company start to employ new people?13. What did the story mainly tell us?Now it’s 8:00, time for the educational report. GCSE is the British exam taken by the students in E ngland and Wales around the age of 16. Recently researchers at university have confirmed the dou bt of many parents and employers that some GCSEs are easier than others, despite official claims t hat each subject is equally difficult. The researchers found that sciences and modern languages we re the hardest GCSEs to do well in. Chemistry ranked the hardest of the major subjects followed b y physics and French. They also found that regardless of the ability students were more likely to g ain good grades in easier subjects than in chemistry or French. Drama was the easiest GCSE to do well in, followed by physics education, media studies, English, English literature and religions stu dies. The number of test takers in physical education and religious studies rose faster than in any o ther subjects last year. More than 144,000 pupils set GCSEs in physical education last summer, anincrease of 7.5 percent, and 147,500 took the religious studies exam, arise of 4.6%. However, it w as the problem for the country if pupils avoided hard subjects. Fewer peoples would go on to study languages or sciences at A level and university. Even though they were important to Britain’s futu re development.14 What is the most difficult subject according to the research?15 How many pupils took the test of physical education last year?16 What does the report mainly tell us about the GCSEs.Part C Dialogues(一)W: Hello, Yellow Cab Service, can I help you?M: Yes, I’d like to book a taxi.W: May I know your name, Sir?M: Yes, it’s John Smith.W: John Smith. When would you like your taxi?M: Tuesday, June 8th, I’m leaving very early in the morning.W: Where to, sir?M: To the airport.W: When shall we meet you then?M: 99 Chemis street, near Collington Restaurant.W: What time world you like us to meet you?M: 5:30W: 5:30, June 8th, OK. Could you leave your telephone number?M: Yes, it’s 54229738.W: OK. I’ve got it. Thank you for calling us.Compete the form; write one word for each answer.(二)-Hello, front desk.-Yes.-This is Mitaly Tridow in Room 504.-Well, yes. How can I help you, Miss Tridow?-I want to take a shower, but there is no hot water.-I can’t understand that. Have you turned the handle all the way to the right?-I’ve been trying to get hot water for 10 minutes. It’s freezing cold.-Well, a lot of people take showers before breakfast. Maybe if you wait a while, it’ll heat up again.-Wait? I have three appointments this morning, and I also have to wash and dry my hair.-Your shower has absolutely no hot water?-No, none.-I will send someone up right way.-Who will that be?-The engineer. He is responsible for maintaining all the buildings. He will be there within 2 minut es.-OK. But don’t send anyone for 5 minutes. I need to get dressed.Compete the form; write no more than 3 words for each answer.。

2006年高考英语听力原文全国卷(Text 1)M: How much are the tickets?W: There are 15 pounds each, but student tickets are half price.M: Could I have two students’tickets please?(Text 2)M: Excuse me. I just want to check the boarding gate for BA16 to London, isn’t it 22?W: Oh it just changed, be 25, down that way on the right. Thanks.(Text 3)W: Do you live very far from your school?M: About 8 kilometers, but it doesn’t seem very far, there is much traffic along this road. It’s great to go by bike.(Text 4)W: Now, can we get the computers before Wednesday?M: Well, it depends, if it is less than 10 kilometers, we can deliv¬er them on Tuesday, but it is further away, it will be on Thursday. Where is your office? W: Just around the corner.(Text 5)W: You can’t wear that, John. It’s black.M: What’s wrong with a black shirt, everybody has a black shirt.W: It doesn’t look like going to a party.听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力上册目录目录《考博英语一本通》系列丛书序言3考博英语一本通使用说明5第一部分考试指南7一、博士研究生考试指南7二、考博前期准备8三、导师联系和公关13四、专业和院校选择19五、专业课复习策略20六、资料和真题收集方法22七、面试技巧23第二部分医学考博英语复习指导25一、全国医学博士外语统一考试简介25二、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲26三、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题分析27四、医学考博英语复习策略32第三部分考博英语专项突破35第一章词汇突破——大规模记忆词汇的方法35医学考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析35第一节、概述35第二节、大规模记忆词汇的基本方法37第三节、词缀39第四节、词汇解题思路43第五节、考博词汇综合练习（Exercise One- Exercise Twelve）53第二章阅读理解84医学考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析84第一节、核心理论－化繁为简去伪存真86第二节、解题技巧1－框架结构阅读模版90第三节、解题技巧2－问题类型解题要点102第四节、精准定位－原文命题高发考点118第五节、精准理解－高频词汇长难词句124第六节、阅读理解实战讲解133第七节、阅读理解综合练习137第三章完形填空153医学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析153第一节概述:考试目的和内容156第二节解题方法：一个中心157第三节解题方法：两个结构之层层递进158第四节解题方法：两个结构之对立观点160第五节解题方法：三个层次之篇章161第六节解题方法：三个层次之语法164第七节解题方法：三个层次之词汇165第八节完形填空综合练习(Exercise One-Ten) 167第四章英语写作179医学考博英语写作题型概述及考情分析179第一节、摘要写作概述179第二节、英文摘要写作180第三节、英文短文写作技巧185第五章语法197医学考博英语语法概述及考情分析197第一节语法概述197第二节动词的时态和语态198第三节非谓语动词203第四节虚拟语气210第五节从句213第六节强调与倒装218第四部分医学考博英语历年真题2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析235 2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2522015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2562015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析271 2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2832014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2882014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析303 2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文319下册目录第四部分医学考博英语历年真题（续）32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析17 2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文242012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题292012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析41 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文472011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷512011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析622011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文682010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题712010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析84 2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文892009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题922009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析103 2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文109 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1132008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析123 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文129 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1322007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析143 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文148 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1522006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析163 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文168 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1722005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析183 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文188 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1912004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析203 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文209 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2122003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析224 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文231 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2362002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析249 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文255 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2602001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析274 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文281第五部分参考资料284参考资料1:全国博士英语统一考试高频词组284参考资料2:考博英语形近易混淆词总结284参考资料3:考博英语完形填空常考词组及固定搭配汇总284参考资料4:考博英语万能写作模板284参考资料5:医学考博英语写作必记分类词汇284参考资料6:全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲(医学）284。

2006年高考试题——英语听力（全国卷1）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。

1.How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.£7.5.B.£15.C.£50.2.Which is the right gate for the man’s flight?A.Gate 16.B.Gate 22.C.Gate 25.3.How does the man feel about going to school by bike?A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Worried.4.When can the woman get the computers?A.On Tuesday.B.On Wednesday.C.On Thursday.5.What does the woman think of the shirt for the party?A.The size is not large enough.B.The material is not good.C.The color is not suitable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2006年全国大学生英语竞赛（B级初赛笔试试题）听力理解录音材料文字稿（Script for Listening Comprehension）Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 6 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there wil pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. M: What do you think of the new restaurant in town? I may be going there this weekend.W: Fortunately, we weren't in a hurry because it took ages for the food to arrive. But when it finally did I h say that it certainly was worth waiting for.Q: What does the woman think of the new restaurant?2. M: Hi, Betty.W: Hi, Dave. I hope you're not going to cancel our tennis game.M:Ah, well, I'm sorry but some friends of mine have just called and they're coming down to see me tomorrow. I mean t helped me a lot. I'd like to return the favour by cooking dinner for them. So I'll be busy tomorrow.Q: Why is the man calling to the woman?3. W: You must come to our party. Allan'll really be disappointed if you don't.M: But I've got my exams all next week. And also we don't have a car. It's too far away.W: Come on, just one night. Don't worry about the car. My brother said I can borrow his car ...as long as I get i to him first thing tomorrow.Q: When is the party?4. W: So there I was in my best clothes, and I'd arrived extra early to make a good impression.M: What's your new boss like?W: I can't stand him, he's awful. It's going to be really dreadful working under him. I was so looking forward to a new boss as well.Q: How did the woman feel about her boss after she met him?5. M: How was your holiday, Mike?W: We had a good time, but the weather was awful. We didn't have one sunny day!M: Oh dear, a week of rain, poor you!W: Well, that's the funny thing. It never actually rained, it was just freezing cold and cloudy. We thought it even snow.Q: What was the weather like on Mike's holiday?6. M: Alice, can you tell us what's happening there now?W: Well, I'm here outside now and there is quite a crowd beginning to build up behind the fence. They are hoping in to see what the new changing rooms and the new diving area are like. And now here's the Mayor arriving to atte opening ceremony.Q: Where is the woman now?Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear one long conversation. At the end of the conversation, 4 questions will be about what was said. You will hear both the conversation and the questions only once. After each question, there w a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.M: Can I have your ticket, madam? And your passport? Ah, I'm sorry, madam, but I'm afraid your flight is fully bW: But that's not possible. I confirmed the booking a few days ago.M: I'm very sorry, madam, but the flight has been overbooked. We can offer you a place on a later flight, if you There's one at 16.30.W: But this is outrageous. You can't do this. I've got to get on that flight. I booked the ticket months ago, confirmed last week.M: It's just that you're a little late, madam. You've only arrived half an hour before the plane leaves.W:I was stuck in a traffic jam! Now you listen to me. I've got to get on that flight because I have to attend an imp international meeting tomorrow in Los Angeles. You'll have to do something.M: I really understand you, but I'm afraid I can't do anything.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.7. Where do you think this conversation took place?8. What prevented the woman from leaving on time?9. When did the woman confirm her booking?10. Why was the woman late?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BBC or VOA. After each news item and question, will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answe mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. The 149 members of the World Trade Organization have opened talks in Hong Kong aimed at cutting global trade ba and lifting millions of people out of poverty. The talks got underway as thousands of anti-globalization activist to the streets.Question: What was the aim of the talks that opened in Hong Kong?12. Asians work longer hours than just about everyone else in the world. South Koreans, for example, spend more t hours a week on their jobs—10 more than Australians or New Zealanders. They are outdone by Singaporeans and Indian work more than 46 hours a week on average.Question: How many hours a week do Australians usually work?13. Brazilians went to the polls to answer a simple question: should the sale of guns and ammunition be banned? The urged to vote ‘yes' by the government, the Catholic church and the Unite d Nations. But instead, by close to two t they voted ‘no'. which means gun shops will remain open and, as now, anyone over twenty-five will be able to buy a fi subject to background checks.Question: According to the polls, what will happen to gun shops in Brazil?14. The latest research shows some birds will head towards the Mediterranean and southern Europe. Other flocks will towards Germany, Britain and Ireland. It's possible they could carry the bird flu virus with them: and the ornithol say health officials in Europe should be monitoring the wild birds and preparing to deal with any outbreaks of di because if bird flu infects humans, it is in many cases fatal.Question: Who should be monitoring the wild birds and preparing to tackle disease outbreaks?15. Since then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength—in 2004 one hundred and fifty thousan attended, paying ￡112 for tickets to the three-day event. Tickets for the event sold out within three hours.Question: How many fans attended the Glastonbury Festival in 2004?16. The accident occurred towards the end of the morning rush hour in a suburb of Osaka, and the train was crowdenearly 600 people on board. Japan's well rehearsed emergency services were called into action, erecting special m tents alongside the crash site within minutes.Question: When did the accident occur?17. Mayor Ray Nagin said it was with great sadness that he was forced to sack three thousand people who worked for the New Orleans was not able to obtain sufficient funds, the official statement said, pointing out that the request for had been put into the state and the federal government.Question: Why were 3000 people in New Orleans fired?18. Until now there's been no photographic evidence of living giant squids. But scientists have known of their exi from the remains of dead specimens that have been washed up onto the shore. The largest of these have measured 18 across!Question: How have scientists known of the existence of living giant squids?19. The firefighters, many in their early twenties, had gone out in two groups to battle the blaze but their effort hampered by strong winds and summer temperatures of up to forty degrees Celsius. The local authorities in the cen Guadalajara Province say three people are still missing.Question: How old are many of the firefighters?20. The men were rescued more than two thousand kilometres southeast of the island of Bermuda from a life-raft whi floating beside their upturned boat. They were saved by the crew on board a huge Spanish tanker, who answered their di call and hauled the men on board in heavy seas and high winds.Question: Where were the men saved?Section DDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 3 or 4questions. you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresp letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneWinter driving is dangerous because it's so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so e Ice might be hiding beneath the melting snow, waiting to send you off the road. The car coming towards you may su slide across the road.Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly. Uneven movements can suddenly make a car very dif to control. So every time you either turn the wheel, touch the brakes or increase your speed, you must be as gent slow as possible. Imagine you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wo spill it.Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road yo to look. Test how long it takes to stop by gently braking.Remember that you may be driving more quickly than youIn general, double your normal stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and eve on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times and you will avoid trouble.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. What do you think the speaker is trying to do?22. Why does the speaker talk about a cup of coffee?23. Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the text?Passage TwoDo you ever wonder where television words came from? Many TV terms come from the combination of two words. Ev word television is made up of two words. These words are Greek and Latin words meaning “far” and “to see”.One kind of television program is a soap opera. The first soap operas were stories on the radio. These stories are se They are continuous and can go on for many years. Soap companies first advertised their products during these shows The soap companies knew lots of wives and mothers watched these shows. And in fact, for some of the programs all commercials during the shows were for different kinds of soap. People then started calling these shows “soap opeSerious TV programs are called dramas. Funny ones are called comedies. Some programs are both funny and serious kind of show is called “dramedy”, a combination of “drama” and “comedy”. In a similar way, sit-com is the combi of “situation” and “comedy”.Questions 24 to 26 are based on the passage you have just heard.24. What is the speaker mainly talking about?25. According to the speaker, were the first soap operas stories on TV?26. What is a “dramedy” like?Passage ThreeIt's a man's world, and many American women complain that they don't like it. The women say they are treated as second citizens and therefore feel that their anger is reasonable. Women everywhere, they say, earn less money than men f same kind of work. Women have less power in their communities than men, and in most cities and towns the political dec are made by men. There are few women mayors or city officials. The same thing is true in labor unions, businesses, and rel groups. Even in unions where the members are almost all women, the heads are men. The presidents of almost all th corporations in the country are men. There are few women ministers and no women priests.Many women have been aware of these inequalities for a long time. Only recently, however, has a drive for women'smade many women and men, too, interested in fair treatment of women. Groups have formed to demand equal pay for equal changes in abortion laws, and round-the-clock day-care centers for children. Women have even started their own news to fight for their cause. They have written books and marched in parades against their second-class place in sociQuestions 27 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.27. What's the main idea of this passage?28. Why are women not satisfied with the society?29. What's the speaker's purpose of talking about women's rights?30. Which of the following statements is not true?。

2006年全国大学生英语竞赛（B级决赛赛卷）听力理解录音材料文字稿（Script for Listening Comprehension）Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 6 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. M: The tape explains that there'll be a short pause. Allow a minute or two, but no longer.W:Should we intervene at all during the exam? For instance, to repeat certain instructions if some candidates look puzzled?M: No, I'm afraid that if someone looks confused, it's their English which isn't up to scratch, not the instructions.Question: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?2. W: Well, can you tell me why you came to Finland?M:Well, I came to Finland - it was right after I finished university in Toronto where I studied literature - I always wanted to be a journalist - and the reason I came to Finland was just for a summer job.Question: Why did the man come to Finland?3. W: How long have you been a lock-keeper, Mr. Fidlder?M:Oh dear, let me think... umm... I started when I was 25, so that means I've been at it for uh twenty-one years now. Yeah, that's it - three years on the Oxford Canal and the past eighteen years here on the Reading Stretch. Twenty-one years in all.W: Oh, really!That's incredible.Question: How long has the man been a lock-keeper?4. W: Can you tell me when Sudeley Castle is open?M:Yes, of course, Sudeley Castle, Sudeley, I think it's open all day, someone asked me this a week or so ago... Here we are, I've got the guide. Yes, it's open from 11 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon. Well, not quite all day, but morning and afternoon.W: Eleven am to five pm, OK, that's great.Question: When is Sudeley Castle open?5. M: Where did the idea of the gentle classical music come from?W:From my studies of Renaissance music, and of course, opera. On the continent, especially in Spain and Italy where it still thrives, it is a traditional romantic experience. Over the centuries, university students have turned the classical music into an art form for hire.Question: Where did the idea of the classical music come from?6. W: What about the new signposting in the airport?M: New signposting!It's as bad as it's ever been. Oh, I've been going round in circles. You follow a sign and you find that the arrow's pointing the other way.W: Right. Thank you.Question: How does the man feel about the new signposting in the airport? Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear one long conversation. At the end of the conversation, 4 questions will be asked about what was said. You will hear both the conversation and the questions only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B,C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.W:Excuse me. I'm doing a survey on the recent modernisation of this airport. Would you mind answering some questions?M: Well, if you're quick.W:Right um could you tell me um where you're going and why you're going there?M: Yes, I'm flying to Barcelona on business.W: OK. Can you tell me how often you use the airport?M: Yes, I use this airport approximately twice a month because of my work.W: And um what do you think of the new restaurant?M:I'm sorry, but I think it's tacky - cheap, vulgar, I mean - plastic cups, wobbly chairs, we deserve something better.W: Right, now what about the speed of airport procedures and formalities?M: Well, that varies. Now, some days they're all right, they can cope but on busy days they can't cope at all - if it gets overcrowded they just don't seem to have the staff to deal with the situation and there are delays.W: Thank you. Um. What about the new parking facilities?M:In my opinion the parking lot is too far from the terminals. I know there's a courtesy bus but it isn't frequent enough.W: Well, er, and what about the transport links to the airport?M:Transport facilities, public transport is pretty good. I think there are frequent rail services and buses, yes, I think it's pretty good.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.7. Where do you think this dialogue takes place?8. Why is the man flying to Barcelona?9. How often does the man use the airport?10. What does the man think of the new parking arrangements?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BBC or VOA. After each news item and question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. It is the second time in twenty-four hours that the condemned man, Michael Morales, has been spared, not by the actions of the courts or by the governor, but by doctors. Morales, convicted of killing a seventeen-year-old girl twenty-five years ago, had been due to be executed by lethal injection on Monday night.Question: By whom has Michael Morales been spared the second time in twenty-four hours?12. The charity group Plan International says 600 million Asian children are deprived of one of the seven basic needs used to define poverty, including food, safe water, shelter, health and education. And it says 350 million children, equivalent to the population of the European Union, are deprived of two or more basic needs, classifying them as absolutely poor.Question: According to the charity group Plan International, how many children are deprived of two or more basic needs?13. Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented. They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people. Also, more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.Question: How can governments reduce chronic disease deaths?14. In winter in Britain, many children and adults enjoy going to the theatre to watch a pantomime. Pantomimes are a very old form of entertainment, but the modern version is as popular as ever. Pantomimes today originate from a type of light, popular, comedy play from 16th- century Italy. Some aspects of modern pantomime date from this time, for example having stock characters who appear in different stories.Question: What is a pantomime?15. The website Friends Reunited was started for fun in 1999 by a couple who were interested to know what their old school friends were doing. The project snowballed and by 2005, the site had 12 million members. One extraordinary fact is that Friends Reunited has never advertised, its success is entirely due to word-of-mouth.Question: When was the website Friends Reunited started?16. The latest Chinese player to join a Premiership team was the 18-year-old prodigy Dong Fangzhou, who was bought by Manchester United in 2004. Because of problems with red tape he does not yet have a work permit to play in Britain, so he is currently at a Belgian feeder club.Question: Where is Dong Fangzhou currently?17. There are many traditional games on Halloween, but the most common is“apple-bobbing”. It's simple to play. Several apples are put floating in water. Children then have their hands tied behind their backs. They then have to try to pick the apples out of the water using only their mouths. Of course, people get very wet and it is very funny to watch.Question: How do children pick the apples out of the water?18. The industry still has work to convince Americans of the virtues of wind power. Some residents complain the large towers are unsightly, and environmentalists have criticized the windmills as dangerous to birds. This is more of a problem at another site in Northern California, which is on a migration route. In response to complaints, owners have agreed to a temporary shutdown of some of that area's wind turbines during this year's winter migration.Question:Why do some American residents complain about the large windmills?19. Foucht is one of an estimated 60 million Americans who regularly suffer from insomnia, either because they are taking medication, or experiencing pain, or not eating right. Or according to Russell Rosenberg, who directs the Sleep Medicine Institute in Atlanta, Georgia - simply because they are living in the modern world.Question:According to Russell Rosenberg, why do many Americans suffer from insomnia?20. According to an annual poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation, in 2005, 75 percent of Americans experienced sleeping problems ranging from minor and transient to severe and chronic. That is up from 62 percent in 1999, when the NSF first conducted its poll.Question:What percentage of Americans had sleeping problems in 1999, based on the NSF research?Section DDirections:In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 4 or 6questions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneThe Redfern Museum is closed today. Our opening hours are from half past one to half past four Monday to Thursday.The museum has things for you to see from the eighteenth century - the downstairs room shows the clothes of two hundred years ago. For example, you can see what children wore at school and what families wore for dinner.Upstairs, we are showing some important paintings by Spanish artists of the time. There's a short film about this exhibition every afternoon and there willbe talks about some of these pictures in November.In the Garden Room, there will be free concerts all through December for visitors to the museum. A ticket to the museum costs five pounds for adults, three pounds eighty for students and two pounds fifty for children.We welcome school group visits. Please phone our Schools Officer for further information on double five seven six four two, between nine and five every day. Come to Redfern Museum soon. Thank you for calling.Questions 21 to 24 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. When is the Museum open?22. What can you see downstairs in the Museum?23. How much is a student ticket to the Museum?24. When can you listen to talks about the Spanish painting exhibition? Passage TwoA 48-year-old man named Tom Wallace bought a beautiful diamond ring because he was going to ask his girl friend to marry him. He went to the office the next morning and left the ring at home by mistake. At lunch time, the woman who lived in the apartment next door to Tom called him up at the office and told him shehad heard noises coming from his apartment. She wanted to know if she should call the police. Tom suddenly remembered the ring, and without answering her he threw down the phone and rushed out of the office. The elevator wasn't working so he ran all the way downstairs to the street. He tried to find a cab, but he couldn't, so he ran the two miles home.When he came to the apartment building where he lived, he found that the elevator wasn't working there either. So he ran up the four flights of stairs to his apartment and then remembered that he had left his keys at the office, but nothing could stop him now. He kicked in the door and rushed into the apartment. Then he ran into the living room and found that the ring was missing from the desk. He looked everywhere for the robber searching under the bed and in the closets. He was frantic. Then he rushed to the window and saw a man walking out the front door of the building four floors below.That's him, he thought and ran into the kitchen, pushed the refrigerator into the living room, and heaved it out the window onto the man below. Then, suddenly poor old Tom had a heart attack...At the gates of heaven, some time later, three men stood waiting for St. Peter. To pass the time they asked each other how they had died.The first man said, “Well, I was walking out of an apartment building whensome idiot dropped a refrigerator on my head. What could I do?”The second one said, “Well, I had to run all the way across town and t hen had a heart attack from pushing the refrigerator out the window of my apartment.” Then the two men asked the third man how he died.“Well,” he said, “there I was sitting in this refrigerator...”Questions 25 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.25. What was Tom Wallace's job?26. Where was Tom when he had to go home in a hurry?27. Where was Tom's apartment?28. What did Tom find when he got back to his apartment?29. What did the man in Tom's apartment do when Tom arrived?30. How did Tom die?。

全国医学博士外语统一考试大纲全国医学博士外语统一考试（Medical Doctoral English Test，简称MDET）是一个面向医学博士研究生的外语考试，旨在考查学生在医学领域中的英语水平，包括听、说、读、写四部分。

本文将介绍MDET的大纲，并为考生提供参考内容。

一、考试形式MDET分为英语听力、英语口语、英语阅读和英语写作4个部分，总计120分。

具体形式如下：1.英语听力（30分）：共有三个部分，第一部分是听取3个独立的短篇对话，每篇对话后有一个问题；第二部分是听取2个长篇对话或独白，并回答几个问题；第三部分是听取1篇较长的讲座并回答问题。

2.英语口语（30分）：由两个部分组成。

第一部分是就一个给定的话题进行发言；第二部分是就一个给定的问题进行讨论。

3.英语阅读（30分）：共有三个部分，第一部分是五个题目的单项选择题；第二部分是四个题目的多项选择题；第三部分是一篇文章，需回答一些问题。

4.英语写作（30分）：需完成一篇约350个单词的论文作文。

二、考试内容MDET的考试内容主要涉及基础医学、临床医学和医学相关领域的知识。

以下是考试常见的考点和题型：1.医学专业词汇：如anatomy解剖学、physiology生理学、pharmacology药理学、pathology病理学等。

2.医学研究方法：如实验设计、统计分析方法、文献查阅等。

3.医学科研进展：如新医疗技术、新型疾病、新药研发等。

4.临床实践：如病例分析、病史记录、医嘱书写等。

考生需要掌握医学领域的核心知识和术语，并能够运用英语进行专业交流和写作。

三、考试参考内容考生可根据考试大纲的内容，准备以下参考内容：1.医学类英语词汇疾病：diabetes糖尿病、cancer癌症、hypertension高血压、influenza流感、pneumonia肺炎、arthritis关节炎药物：antibiotics抗生素、antidepressants抗抑郁药、painkillers 止痛药、sedatives镇静剂、hypnotics催眠药医学专业词汇：anatomy解剖学、physiology生理学、pharmacology药理学、cardiology心血管病学、neurology神经病学2.医学文献阅读熟悉医学论文的阅读方法及常用的医学期刊，如New England Journal of Medicine、JAMA（Journal of American Medical Association）、Lancet等。

全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力题一：题目：How does the woman feel about her new job?听力材料：Woman: I really wonder what my new job is going to be like. I mean, I'm excited about it, but nervous too, you know? I mean, I've never worked in a place like this before.参考内容：The woman is excited but nervous about her new job. 听力题二：题目：What is the man's suggestion about the paper?听力材料：Man: You should probably add some more evidence to support your argument. Maybe you could include some statistics, or even an example or two.参考内容：The man suggests adding more evidence to the paper, such as statistics or examples.听力题三：题目：What does the woman say about the cake?听力材料：Woman: This cake is delicious! Is it a family recipe or something?参考内容：The woman thinks the cake is delicious and wonders if it is a family recipe.听力题四：题目：What will the woman probably do with the vase?听力材料：Man: I got this vase in China a few years ago. You can have it if you like. Woman: Oh, I don't know. It's really pretty, but I don't really have any use for it.参考内容：The woman thinks the vase is pretty but may not have any use for it.听力题五：题目：What does the man say about the essay?听力材料：Man: Your essay was very well-written. You could have expanded on some of your points a bit more, but overall, I thought it was great.参考内容：The man thinks the essay was well-written but suggests expanding on some points.听力题六：题目：What does the man imply about the woman's painting?听力材料：Woman: I don't know if I like this painting or not. Man: Well, it's definitely unique. I don't think I've ever seen anything quite like it before.参考内容：The man implies that the woman's painting is unique and unlike anything he has seen before.听力题七：题目：What does the woman say about her suitcase?听力材料：Woman: Excuse me, could you help me lift my suitcase into the overhead compartment? It's really heavy.参考内容：The woman asks for help lifting her heavy suitcase into the overhead compartment.听力题八：题目：What does the man say about the traffic?听力材料：Man: I don't think we're going to make it in time. The traffic is really bad today.参考内容：The man thinks they may be late because the traffic is bad.听力题九：题目：What does the woman think about the movie?听力材料：Man: So, did you like the movie? Woman: Yeah, I thought it was pretty good. Definitely not one of my favorites, but it was enjoyable.参考内容：The woman thinks the movie was pretty good but not one of her favorites.听力题十：题目：What does the man say about the weather?听力材料：Man: It's such a nice day today! I don't think we could have asked for better weather.参考内容：The man thinks it's a nice day and couldn't have asked for better weather.。

医学博士英语听力Medical doctors must have excellent listening skills in order to properly diagnose and treat their patients. To ensure that they can effectively carry out this role, they must attend training programs and take exams that test their ability to understand medical terminology and complex medical conversations. A medical doctor's listening ability is tested by a variety of tests, including but not limited to: the Medical English Listening Test (MELT), the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) Listening section, the ACP Clinical Skills Exam (ACP-CSE), the Cambridge Primary Medicine Listening Test (CPMLT), and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME).The MELT is specifically designed to evaluate a medical doctor's understanding of medical terms and concepts. It consists of 10 sections, each containing multiple choice questions related to medical topics such as diagnosis, treatment options, and medical ethics. The AHIMA Listening section also measures a doctor’s ability to comprehend and interpret spoken medical terminology and protocols. The ACP-CSE assesses a doctor’s ability to recognize anddifferentiate between various common clinical terms. The CPMLT tests a doctor’s ability to listen and respond to patient-specific information, while the NBME assesses his or her comprehension of more advanced medical-related topics.To perform well on these tests, a medical doctor must be familiar with the basics of medical terminology, as well as recognizing and responding to more complex concepts. Additionally, he or she should be able to identify key wordsand expressions within medical conversations, and accurately interpret information provided. Furthermore, a medical doctor must be able to formulate appropriate questions to get the necessary answers from patients, and be quick in making decisions based on the information gathered.The ability to listen effectively is an important skill for any medical doctor to possess. It is essential that they pass all required tests to ensure they can competently practice medicine. Training and studying are essential to ensure that medical doctors can accurately interpret the medical conversations they are exposed to.。