【国际经济学专题考试试卷九】International Trade

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger A. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above 8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above 9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome:*A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety: A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage Multiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo difference in:n a difference A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s i ncreasing increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above 7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?*A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py 9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeequilibr A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at e quilibr iumequilibri B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at e quilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above 8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the tradepartner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodity C. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Multiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w 7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above 8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes 9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model b ecause because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factors B. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected? t he A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories? r equire *A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by: w as *A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra- i ndustry industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advanced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International Trade Multiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called: p roductivity *A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above 9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the n ation's nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik ely to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: to A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff 2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

国际贸易考试题库及答案一、选择题1.国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品、服务和生产要素的交换活动。

A.正确B.错误答案：A2.国际贸易的基本形式包括进口贸易、出口贸易和过境贸易。

A.正确B.错误答案：A3.贸易顺差是指一个国家的出口额大于进口额。

A.正确B.错误答案：A4.世界贸易组织（WTO）成立于1995年。

A.正确B.错误答案：A5.关税壁垒是指通过提高进口商品的关税来限制进口。

A.正确B.错误答案：A6.倾销是指一个国家以低于国内市场价格的价格向另一个国家销售商品。

A.正确B.错误答案：A7.货币贬值可以提高一个国家的出口竞争力。

A.正确B.错误答案：A8.跨国公司是指在两个或多个国家开展业务的企业。

A.正确B.错误答案：A9.贸易引力模型是由美国经济学家 gravity model 提出的。

A.正确B.错误答案：A10.区域经济一体化是指在一定区域内，多个国家逐步消除贸易壁垒，实现商品、服务和生产要素的自由流动。

A.正确B.错误答案：A二、简答题1.请简要说明国际贸易的作用。

答案：国际贸易的作用主要包括以下几点：（1）促进资源配置和优化：国际贸易使各国可以根据自己的比较优势进行资源配置，提高资源利用效率，实现经济发展。

（2）推动技术进步和创新：国际贸易可以促进技术跨国转移和交流，加快技术创新步伐。

（3）增加就业和提高收入：国际贸易的发展可以创造更多的就业机会，提高人们的收入水平。

（4）丰富消费品种和提高生活水平：国际贸易使各国可以进口各种商品和服务，满足人们多样化的需求，提高生活水平。

（5）促进国际政治和经济合作：国际贸易的发展有助于各国建立和发展政治和经济关系，促进世界和平与繁荣。

2.请简要介绍世界贸易组织（WTO）的主要职能。

答案：世界贸易组织（WTO）的主要职能包括以下几点：（1）制定和协调国际贸易规则：WTO负责制定和更新国际贸易规则，确保各国贸易政策的一致性和透明度。

（2）解决贸易争端：WTO提供贸易争端解决机制，帮助成员国解决贸易纠纷，维护公平贸易。

Chapter 9 - International Mobility of Productive FactorsObjective Questions1.Incoming direct foreign investment in a new plant in the U.S. is likely to(a)hurt the U.S. balance of payments on the capital account.(b)lower the earnings of American workers.(c)increase the rate of return to capital employed in the U.S.(d)none of the above.2.Which of the following affects the relative investment climate between two countries?(a)the general level of economic activity.(b)tax and tariff policies.(c)general institutional arrangements.(d)all of the above.3.Current U.S. tax law(a)credits in full taxes paid to foreign governments to the maximum rate of U.S. corporatetaxation.(b)allows firms to deduct foreign taxes as costs.(c)does not allow firms either cost deductions or tax credits.(d)allows firms to credit half of the foreign taxes paid.4.The international movement of investment capital is likely to(a)decrease world welfare by lowering exports.(b)increase world welfare by assisting in a more efficient distribution of factors.(c)reduce world welfare by causing bankruptcies in host countries.(d)reduce world welfare by circumventing tariff barriers.5.Total U.S. overseas foreign investment in 1994 was book valued at about(a) $450 million.(b) $600 billion.(c) $4.5 trillion.(d) $450 trillion.6.From the point of view of the national interest foreign investment will be beneficial only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.7.From the point of view of the private firm foreign investment will be profitable only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.8.From the point of view of the world as a whole foreign investment will increase welfare only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of^tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.9.The phenomenon of transfer pricing occurs when(a)there are bilateral trade flows.(b)there is extensive use of bartering.(c)goods are sold between subsidiaries of MNCs.(d) a nation uses multiple exchange rate schemes.10.In general the impact of incoming direct investment on the host country's welfare will be(a)negative because the return to labor will be lowered.(b)positive because it results in cheaper labor.(c)positive because it raises labor productivity.(d)negative because it raises the return to capital.11.Japanese direct foreign investment in the U.S. in 1991 was(a)the largest of any nation.(b)greater than that of all other nations combined.(c)exceeded only by that of the U.K.(d)actually less than that of ten other nations.12.Which of the following statements is most justified?(a)The international movement of capital is beneficial to world welfare; labor movementnever is.(b)International labor mobility is always beneficial to world welfare; capital mobility never is.(c)Neither capital nor labor movements ever contribute to raising world welfare.(d)Labor mobility generally raises world welfare; an exception may be when labor movementleads to the loss of substantial externalities.13.The effect of outgoing direct foreign investment on the welfare of the source country is likely to be(a)positive since total investment is raised.(b)positive since it raises the income of domestic labor.(c)negative because it lowers domestic investment and harms labor productivity.(d)positive since it increases tax flows to the government.14.The largest investor in the U.S. market is(a) France.(b) Japan.(c) Germany.(d) theU.K.15.Industrial nations engage in DFI to reduce production costs by(a)gaining access to raw materials.(b)circumventing protectionist barriers.(c)gaining access to low cost labor.(d)all of the above.16.Over time, a country that opens itself up to the global economy will(a)experience a net loss of jobs.(b)tend to experience higher annual growth rates.(c)attract less direct foreign investments.(d lower its living standards.17.When a balanced view is taken, global outsourcing by U.S. companies(a)results in a net loss of jobs.(b)discourages spending on technology upgrading.(c)reduces competitiveness of firms engaged in outsourcing.(d)creates benefits for the U.S.18.Global outsourcing(a)is a threat to living standards.(b)is an extension of the principle of comparative advantage.(c)entails more costs than benefits.(d)counters the process of globalization.。

Chapter 19Earnings and DiscriminationTRUE/FALSE1. A compensating differential refers to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional2. A compensating differential is a difference in wages due to higher levels of education or other forms of humancapital.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional3. The fact that doctors are paid more than economics professors is an example of a compensating differential. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional4. A computer is an example of productivity-enhancing human capital.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Definitional5. Higher levels of human capital are correlated with higher earnings because firms are willing to pay more forbetter-educated workers who have higher marginal productivities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Interpretive6. As a result of an increase in the earnings gap between skilled and unskilled jobs, the incentive to get a collegeeducation has been declining.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive7. The rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers is most likely related to a larger increase indemand for unskilled occupations relative to skilled occupations.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive8. One hypothesis to explain the rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers in the United Statesis that international trade has altered the relative demands for skilled and unskilled workers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive9. The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expandingwage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive10. Some economists suggest that international trade has led to an expanding wage gap between high-skill andlow-skill workers in the United States.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive12871288 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination11. It is increasingly clear that technological change, rather than international trade, has been largely responsiblefor an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive12. The United States is losing manufacturing jobs to countries like China and India, where manufacturing jobshave increased 30 percent since 1995.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative13. Since 1995, global manufacturing employment has declined, yet global industrial output has risen.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative14. One explanation for the loss in manufacturing jobs is that new technologies have replaced the need for someworkers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative15. The demand for workers with excellent problem-solving skills is increasing, as are the wages for thoseworkers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative16. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness may enhancea worker’s productivity for certain jobs, especially for those workers who deal with the public.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premiumMSC: Interpretive17. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness is correlatedwith intelligence.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premiumMSC: Interpretive18. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education signaltheir high productivity to potential to employers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: Definitional19. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education enhancetheir productivity through education.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: Definitional20. If the signaling theory of education is correct, then education is correlated with higher earnings because peoplewith higher levels of education are more productive.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: InterpretiveChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1289 21. The human-capital theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of educationenhance their productivity through education.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | SignalingMSC: Definitional22. Education and on-the-job training are sources of human capital.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Applicative23. The superstar phenomenon explains why professional athletes earn more than amateur athletes.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Superstar phenomenonMSC: Definitional24. Superstars earn high incomes due to their ability to satisfy the demands of millions of people at once.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SuperstarsMSC: Interpretive25. An effective minimum wage law will increase the quantity of labor demanded.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative26. Labor unions will raise the quantity of labor demanded.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: UnionsMSC: Applicative27. Efficiency wages will raise the quantity of labor supplied to the market.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Efficiency wagesMSC: Applicative28. Efficiency wages decrease employee effort.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Interpretive29. Efficiency wages decrease employee turnover.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Interpretive30. Economic theory of labor markets suggests that wages are governed by labor supply and labor demand. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: WagesMSC: Applicative31. Empirical evidence suggests that ability, effort, and chance are not likely to be significant contributors to wagedifferences.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: WagesMSC: Interpretive32. Discrimination is a reflection of some people's prejudice against certain groups in society.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Definitional1290 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination33. Differences in human capital among groups of workers is possibly a reflection of past discrimination.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive34. Discrimination is an emotionally charged issue that is impossible to study objectively.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive35. When differences in human capital among workers lead to discrimination, the differences are typically a resultof social or political processes rather than economic processes.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive36. When comparing average wages for black and white workers in the United States, wages paid to blackworkers have been about 20 percent less than those paid to white workers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative37. When comparing average wages for male and female workers in the United States, wages paid to females havebeen about 40 percent less than those paid to male workers.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative38. Politicians often point to average wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnicminorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because they don't trust any of the statistics quoted by the politicians.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive39. Politicians often point to wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnicminorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because people differ in the kinds of work they are willing and able to do.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive40. Economists would argue that the gender wage gap is narrowing because of efficiency wages.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Efficiency wages MSC: Interpretive41. All differences in wages that are not accounted for by differences in human-capital investment are likely to bea result of discrimination.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive42. In a labor market free from discrimination, wages for workers that are employed by the same company willstill differ.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Human capital MSC: InterpretiveChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1291 43. Evidence of discrimination is most apparent when one compares wages among broad groups.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive44. When discrimination occurs as a result of prejudice, firms do not maximize profits.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive45. Consumers are often a primary source of discrimination in labor markets.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive46. Discrimination is usually not a profit-maximizing strategy.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive47. One example of labor-market discrimination is that firms may be less likely to interview job-marketcandidates whose names suggest that they are members of a racial minority.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive48. If people with blue eyes earn more than people with brown eyes, we have proof of discrimination againstpeople with brown eyes.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive49. Profit-maximizing, competitive firms will not discriminate in the hiring of workers unless consumers exercisea preference for discrimination in product markets or governments mandate discrimination.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive50. Streetcar owners in the early 20th century were against segregation for profit maximizing reasons.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive51. Experimental evidence indicates women choose less competitive environments than men.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Gender differencesMSC: InterpretiveSHORT ANSWER1. After graduating from college, you receive job offers from five different accounting firms. All job offers havea different compensation package. Is it irrational for you to accept an offer that doesn't provide the highestlevel of monetary compensation? Use the concept of compensating differentials to explain your answer. ANS:Compensating differentials refer to differences in job characteristics across different occupations. But compensating differentials can also lead to differences in job characteristics within an occupation. Such considerations may include geographic location and quality-of-life issues associated with a particular job offer. Thus, it is not irrational to consider nonmonetary compensation.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentialsMSC: Analytical1292 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination2. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has long argued that nationally-prominent collegeathletes are compensated with an investment in human capital that far exceeds the monetary reward of playing professional sports. Examine this argument in light of your knowledge of human capital theory and theeconomic theory of labor markets.ANS:Many economists would argue that the NCAA is the most exploitative organization in the United States, considering the value that star student athletes contribute to a university. Most would argue that the education that star student athletes receive is of less value than what the athletes contribute.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Analytical3. A recent study of the determinants of wages for clerical staff at a state university found that years of schooling,years of experience, age and job characteristics only explained about one-half of the difference in wages.Describe other factors that may be important in explaining wages differences for clerical staff.ANS:Other factors may include gender, job tenure, and job responsibilities, ability and effort.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages MSC: Analytical4. Explain the theory that education acts as a signaling device. How does this contrast with the theory ofeducation as an investment in human capital?ANS:The theory of signaling suggests that those who have desirable "productivity" characteristics are more likely to finish educational programs. The human capital theory suggests that productivity characteristics are enhanced by the learning that takes place in formal educational programs.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | SignalingMSC: Definitional5. List the productivity factors that may explain the differences in pay between men and women in similaroccupations. Do any of these factors arise as a result of cultural or social traditions? If so, describe howchanges in social relationships will affect the pay gap over time.ANS:Job experience, education, lifetime patterns of work experience, etc. The gap should narrow as the cultural and social barriers to female access to productivity-enhancing experiences are reduced.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical6. Explain the role of job experience in explaining the differences between the average wages of men andwomen.ANS:Women, who have primary responsibility for housework and child-rearing duties, typically have less continuity in the labor force. As such, there is a difference in the average years of job experience between men and women. DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: AnalyticalChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1293 7. Explain how compensating differentials could contribute to differences between the average wages of men andwomen.ANS:Men and women may, on average, select different career paths. If men tend to be more concentrated in jobs that have less desirable working conditions, then compensating differentials can explain some of the difference in wages between men and women.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Compensating differentialsMSC: Applicative8. Evaluate the following statement: "The gender pay gap provides evidence of widespread, severe, ongoingdiscrimination by employers and fellow workers."ANS:There are many explanations of the gender pay gap. Some are associated with discrimination both by consumers and employers. Others are not associated with discrimination. Examples of factors that would explain why men earn more than women, on average, but that are not associated with discrimination include years of labor-market experience, types of jobs, levels of human capital, and on-the-job training.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical9. In a recent U.S. presidential campaign, a lobbyist for a prominent national women's organization made theclaim that women in the United States earn $0.60 for every $1.00 earned by a man. A reporter, who wasprepared for this statement, asked the lobbyist why wages paid to the organization's secretarial staff (all of whom were women) were significantly below the national average if they were truly interested in raising the rates of compensation for women. If you were the lobbyist, how would you have answered this question? Do you think your answer is convincing? Explain.ANS:The lobbyist would likely respond by citing factors that explain wage differences on the basis of compensating differentials, education, and job experience. These arguments would be convincing to those who subscribe to the marginal productivity theory of compensation.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical10. Explain the role that consumers play in perpetuating discrimination in labor markets.ANS:Consumers are able to exercise their biases when they purchase goods and services. For example, if consumers prefer to have female personal trainers than male personal trainers, then firms may respond to these preferences by paying a higher wage to attract female personal trainers. The higher wage paid to women based solely on their gender (or the lower wage paid to male trainers based solely on their gender) would be an example of discrimination driven by consumer preferences.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Applicative11. Explain why the following situation is likely to persist: soccer players in Europe are the highest paid athletesand in the US they are among the lowest paid athletes.ANS:Consumers use personal preferences when they make purchases. In this case, US consumers prefer other sports such as baseball, basketball, or football over soccer. Although over time we would expect a movement together in compensations for athletes in different sports, the discriminatory preferences of consumers allow the gap to persist over time.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Applicative1294 Chapter 19/Earnings and DiscriminationSec 01--Some Determinants of Equilibrium WagesMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Effective minimum-wage laws will most likelya.increase demand for labor.b.create a surplus of labor.c.increase incomes for all unskilled workers.d.decrease incomes for all unskilled workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative2. Above-equilibrium wages caused by efficiency wages will most likely result ina. a shortage of labor.b.increased unemployment.pensating wage differentials.d.an decrease in the quantity of labor supplied.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative3. If we were to observe above-equilibrium wages in a particular labor market, then a possible explanation mightbe thata.the theory of efficiency wages holds true for that market.b.there is a powerful labor union representing workers in that market.c.workers are largely unskilled and/or inexperienced and minimum-wage laws are effectively holdingwages up in that market.d.All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative4. Which of the following statements is not correct?a.Some firms pay wages that are above the equilibrium wage.b.Workers sometimes form labor unions to push their wages up.c.Wages never deviate from the balance of supply and demand in the market for labor.d.The federal government mandates that employers pay their workers at least as much as theminimum wage.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Wages | Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Interpretive5. Which of the following is not a consequence of above-equilibrium wages in a labor market?a. a surplus of laborb.unemploymentc.more unionized jobsd.All of the above are consequences of above-equilibrium wages.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: AnalyticalChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 12956. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of minimum wage laws?a.an increase in both the quantity of labor supplied by workers and the quantity of labor demanded byfirmsb.an increase in the quantity of labor supplied by workers and a decrease in the quantity of labordemanded by firmsc. a decrease in the quantity of labor supplied by workers and an increase in the quantity of labordemanded by firmsd. a decrease in both the quantity of labor supplied by workers and the quantity of labor demanded byfirmsANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: ApplicativeFigure 19-17. Refer to Figure 19-1. Some policymakers have argued that the government should establish a "living wage."A living wage would provide workers a reasonable standard of living in their city or region. If a living wage of$10 per hour is established in the market pictured here, we would expecta.employment will increase to 14 million.b.employment will decrease to 8 million.c.the wage will actually rise to $20 per hour.d.there will be a surplus of 14 million workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Analytical8. Refer to Figure 19-1. Suppose the local labor market was in equilibrium to begin with but then the largestlocal employer decided to change its compensation scheme to $10 as shown. Which of the followingcompensation schemes could the graph be illustrating?a.An efficiency wage.b.Discrimination.c. A compensating differential.d.The superstar phenomenon.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Reflective LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Analytical1296 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination9. Refer to Figure 19-1. What is the loss associated with wages moving from $8 to $10?a. 2 million jobs.b. 6 million jobs.c.8 million jobs.d.14 million jobs.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages MSC: AnalyticalFigure 19-210. Refer to Figure 19-2. This figure depicts labor demand and supply in a nonunionized labor market. Theoriginal equilibrium is at point A. If a labor union subsequently establishes a union shop and negotiates an hourly wage of $20, then there will be an excessa.supply of 3,000 workers.b.demand of 7,000 workers.c.supply of 4,000 workers.d.supply of 7,000 workers.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical11. Refer to Figure 19-2. This figure depicts labor demand and supply in a nonunionized labor market. Theoriginal equilibrium is at point A. If a labor union subsequently establishes a union shop and negotiates an hourly wage of $20, then the employment levela.increases from 6,000 to 10,000.b.increases from 3,000 to 10,000.c.decreases from 10,000 to 3,000.d.decreases from 6,000 to 3,000.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: AnalyticalFigure 19-3The manufacturing labor market.12. Refer to Figure 19-3. Suppose the manufacturing labor market, which is non-unionized, is in equilibrium at awage equal to $30. Suppose now that the AFL-CIO (a labor organization) organizes the workers in themanufacturing market and negotiates a wage of $38 per hour. Because of the union,a.10 people who were once employed are now unemployed.b.20 people who were once employed are now unemployed.c.40 people who were once employed are now unemployed.d.20 people who were once unemployed are now employed.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical13. Refer to Figure 19-3. Suppose the manufacturing labor market, which is non-unionized, is in equilibrium at awage equal to $30. Suppose now that the AFL-CIO (a labor organization) organizes the workers in themanufacturing market and negotiates a wage of $38 per hour. After the workers become unionized, how many workers do manufacturing firms collectively hire?a.130 workersb.150 workersc.170 workersd.There is not enough information to determine the number of workers.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical14. Which of the following is not an example of efficiency wages?a.More productive workers are paid more to reflect their higher output.b.Higher wages induce higher output from workers.c.Better quality applicants apply for jobs that pay above-equilibrium wages.d.Workers are less likely to leave jobs that pay above-equilibrium wages.ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Efficiency wages | Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Analytical15. Which of the following is true of minimum-wage laws?a.They affect skilled workers’ wages.b.They create above-equilibrium wages for some unskilled workers.c.They create a shortage of unskilled labor.d.They negatively affect the employment of skilled workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Applicative16. A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs is known asa. a compensating differential.b.an inefficiency wage.c.the equilibrium difference.d. a union wage.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional17. Working in a slaughterhouse is much riskier and more unpleasant than working in a bookstore. As a result,we'd expect a difference in wages between the two jobs. The difference is known asa.an efficiency wage.b. a compensating differential.c. a wage adjustment.d. a minimum wage.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional18. The term "compensating differential" refers toa.the fact that workers who do similar work should be paid the same wage.b.the fact that some workers live further from their jobs than do other workers.c. a wage difference that is distinguishable on the basis of monetary characteristics.d. a wage difference that arises from nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional19. A difference in wages that reflects differences in the nonpay features of two jobs is calleda. a compensating differential.b. a wage adjustment.c.an efficiency wage.d. a minimum wage.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional20. Many kindergarten teachers have advanced educational degrees, yet they have lower average earnings thatother individuals with similar educational levels. A potential explanation for the differences in earnings is that kindergarten teachersa.have more pleasant working conditions.b.have less pleasant working conditions.c.work longer hours.d.must pass certification tests.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Applicative。

国际经济学考试试题一、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（）A 商品B 资本C 人员D 技术2、假定闭关自守的状态下，X 商品的价格，在 A 国是 10 美元，在 B 国是 8 美元，C 国是 6 美元，并且 A 国是小国，不能通过贸易影响 B 国和 C 国的价格。

如果 A 国对从 B 国和 C 国进口的 X 商品最初征收非歧视性的 100%的从价税，那么，A 国是（）A 贸易创造国B 贸易转移国C 贸易受损国D 无法确定3、比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是（）A 劳动生产率的差异B 技术水平的差异C 产品品质的差异D 价格的差异4、以下哪种贸易政策会降低本国的福利水平（）A 出口补贴B 进口关税C 进口配额D 自愿出口限制5、能反映规模经济理论本意的是（）A 规模报酬递减B 规模报酬递增C 规模报酬不变D 以上都不对6、幼稚产业保护论的提出者是（）A 亚当·斯密B 大卫·李嘉图C 汉密尔顿D 李斯特7、当一国政府对某种产品征收进口关税时，若该产品的需求弹性大于供给弹性，生产者与消费者承担关税的程度是（）A 前者大于后者B 后者大于前者C 两者相等D 不确定8、一国货币贬值对其进出口收支产生何种影响（）A 出口增加，进口减少B 出口减少，进口增加C 出口增加，进口增加D 出口减少，进口减少9、在浮动汇率制下，当一国国际收支出现逆差时，该国货币汇率会（）A 上升B 下降C 不变D 不确定10、以下哪项不是国际收支平衡表中的项目（）A 经常项目B 资本项目C 错误与遗漏项目D 国内生产总值项目11、购买力平价理论的基础是（）A 一价定律B 利率平价C 相对购买力平价D 绝对购买力平价12、国际收支调整的弹性分析法的假设前提不包括（）A 不存在国际资本流动B 汇率由货币当局决定C 马歇尔勒纳条件成立D 进出口商品的供给弹性无穷大13、下列属于直接标价法的是（）A 1 美元=68 人民币B 1 人民币=015 美元C 1 英镑=12 欧元D 1 欧元=085 英镑14、蒙代尔弗莱明模型主要分析在资本完全流动的情况下，（）政策的有效性。

国际经济学试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 国际经济学研究的核心问题是：A. 国际贸易B. 国际金融C. 国际投资D. 全球化答案：A2. 比较优势理论是由哪位经济学家提出的？A. 大卫·李嘉图B. 亚当·斯密C. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯D. 阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔答案：A3. 根据赫克歇尔-俄林理论，一个国家会专门生产并出口其：A. 劳动力密集型商品B. 资本密集型商品C. 技术密集型商品D. 资源密集型商品答案：B4. 汇率波动对国际贸易的影响主要体现在：A. 价格竞争力B. 贸易政策C. 贸易壁垒D. 贸易协定答案：A5. 国际货币基金组织（IMF）的主要职能不包括：A. 监督成员国的经济政策B. 提供短期贷款以解决国际收支不平衡C. 促进国际贸易自由化D. 为成员国提供技术援助答案：C6. 世界贸易组织（WTO）的主要目标是：A. 促进全球经济增长B. 减少全球贫困C. 促进国际贸易自由化D. 维护世界和平答案：C7. 根据购买力平价理论，如果一国的货币贬值，那么该国的：A. 出口会增加B. 进口会增加C. 出口和进口都会增加D. 出口和进口都不会增加答案：A8. 国际直接投资（FDI）与国际间接投资的主要区别在于：A. 投资规模B. 投资期限C. 投资方式D. 投资回报答案：C9. 跨国公司在全球范围内进行生产和销售活动，其主要目的是：A. 降低成本B. 增加市场份额C. 规避贸易壁垒D. 所有上述选项答案：D10. 国际经济一体化的主要形式不包括：A. 自由贸易区B. 共同市场C. 关税同盟D. 双边贸易协定答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些因素会影响一个国家的贸易模式？A. 资源禀赋B. 技术水平C. 消费者偏好D. 贸易政策答案：ABCD2. 国际收支平衡表主要包括以下哪些部分？A. 经常账户B. 资本和金融账户C. 储备资产D. 政府预算答案：ABC3. 以下哪些是国际经济一体化的积极效应？A. 贸易创造B. 规模经济C. 投资自由化D. 货币贬值答案：ABC4. 国际货币体系的主要功能包括：A. 提供稳定的汇率B. 促进国际贸易和投资C. 维护国际金融稳定D. 促进全球经济增长答案：ABC5. 国际金融市场的主要参与者包括：A. 银行B. 跨国公司C. 政府D. 个人投资者答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述绝对优势理论和比较优势理论的主要区别。

国际经济学模拟习题（3）一、True or F al se （10*1’=10’）1. Trad e i s a zero-su m activi t y; i f one country gain s, the oth er must lose.2. A nation maxi mi zes satisfaction b y reachin g th e highest possibl e indi fference curve, and inthe absence o f t rad e will p roduce where it s productio n possibili ties sch edule is tangent to an indifference curve.3. Th e factor endo wment s mod el predict s th at int ernational trad e will t end to equali ze theprices o f trade-abl e good s amon g nations, but to in crease the wage gap b et weencapit al-abundant and labo r-abundant nations.4. A tax o f 10 percent on i mport s o f sho es would be an exampl e o f a sp eci fi c tari ff.5. An i mport quot a wi ll not rai se the do mesti c pri ce o f the produ ct as would a t ari ff, becau seit is not a t ax on i mport s.6. In bal anc e-o f-payment s account, a t ran saction resultin g in receipt o f a p ayment is recordedas a credit, wh ereas a tran saction resul ting in a p ayment to other n ations is recorded as adebit.7. Becau se they do not in clude an exchan ge o f goods or servi ces, unil at er al transfers do notappear on a n ation's b al ance o f payment s account.8. David Hu me was one of th e fi rst econo mi sts to provide an al yti cal support fo r mercan tili sttrad e polici es.9. A nat ion would be mo st li kel y to find it s trad e balan ce i mp rovin g aft er a curren cydepreci ation i f th at nation’s d emand fo r i mport s and forei gn d emand fo r i ts expo rts was ver y inelasti c.10. A nation with n eith er a bal ance o f p ayment s surplus nor a bal ance o f p ayments defici t i s saidto be in int ernal bal ance.二、choi ces（15*3’=45’）1. The law o f co mp arati ve advant agea). was rati fied b y th e Wo rld Trad e Organizationb). explains ho w all countries can ben efit when each specializes in producin g it ems in wh ich i t hasthe great est relati ve effi ci encyc). explain s ho w onl y the mo st effi ci ent nations can benefi t fro m traded). is used to evalu at e a country’s mi lit ary stren gth2. The theory o f absolut e advant age was developed b ya. the Mercantili stsb. David Hu mec. Ad am S mithd. David Ricardo3. David Ricardo developed the pr inciple o f co mparative advantage sho win g th ata. a nation must b e th e least-cost produ cer o f a good in order to export th at it emb. no nation could have an absolut e ad vantage in all goodsc. in a t wo-country exampl e, onl y one nation can have a co mp arati v e ad vantaged. even a nat ion that has lower producti vit y in all goo ds can ben efi t b y export ing the it em in whichit is rel ati vel y l ess inefficient4. An indi fferen ce curvea. sho ws th at most p eople reall y are indifferent abou t intern ational tradeb. sho ws th e demand preferences o f con su mersc. refl ects th e rel ati ve co sts o f product ion within a n ationd. indicat es ho w mu ch l ab or a country h as5. To maxi mize it s sati sfaction, a nation will ensure that it s t erms-o f-trad e lin ea. is tan gent to its produ ct ion possibiliti es fronti er at one point (production po int) and also to th ehighest att ainabl e indi fference cu rve at another poin t (consu mption point)b. is t angent to it s product ion possibilit ies fronti er and intersects an indi fferen ce curvec. int ersects its p roduction possibili ties frontier and is t angent to an indi fferen ce curved. intersect s it s productio n possibilit ies fronti er at one point and an indi fference curve at anotherpoint6. Facto r-p rice equali zatio n predicts th at with int ern ational trad ea. the price o f a n ation’s abundant factor will rise an d that o f it s scarce factor will fallb. the pri ce o f a n ation’s abundant factor will fall an d that o f it s scarce factor will risec. the prices o f a nation’s abundant and scarce factors both will rised. the pri ces o f a nat ion’s abundant and scarce factors both will fall7. The effecti ve rat e o f p rotect iona. distingui shes bet ween t ari ffs th at are effecti ve an d those th at are ineffecti veb. is the mini mu m level at which a t ari ff b eco mes effecti v e in li mitin g i mportsc. sho ws th e increase in value-added for do mestic production that a parti cular tari ff st ructuremakes po ssibl e, in p ercent age t ermsd. sho ws ho w effecti ve a t ari ff is in rai sin g revenu e8. The institut ional frame wo rk developed in 1947 to pro mote trade lib erali zati on is kno wn asa. the GATTb. the WTOc. the IMFd. The World Ban k9. Developing n ationsa. have very li mited invol vement in int ern ational tradeb. trad e mo stl y with each otherc. rel y heavil y on export s of pri mary pr oducts to ind ustri al nationsd. rel y h eavil y on exports of manu factured product s10. A custo ms union i s uni que in that ita. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ationsb. has no t ari ffs on trade among memb er n ations and a co mmon set o f t ari ffs on i mpo rt s fro mnon-membersc. has no tari ffs on trade among memb er n ations, a co mmon set o f tari ffs on i mports fro mnon-members, and free mo bilit y o f factors o f product ion such as labor and capit al amon g membersd. allo ws unrest ricted l abo r i mmi gration fro m non-memb er n ations11. A n ation's b al ance o f p ayments st at ementa. is a record o f th at n atio n's assets abro ad and it s li abiliti es to those fro m oth er nationsb. is an accounting adjust ment pro cess en surin g that a nation's exports will be equal to its i mpor tsc. does not includ e transactions o f forei gn citi zen s o r co mp ani es l iving o r operatin g wi thin thatnation d. i s a record of th e econo mic t ran sactio ns bet ween resid ents o f th at nation and the rest o f th e world, usual l y for a p eriod o f one year.12. Since b alan ce-o f-p ayments accountin g is a doubl e-entry accounting syst em, an export o f U.S.wh eat to M exico p aid for b y a d eposit to the U.S. exporters account in a M exican ban k would b e recorded on the U.S. b al ance o f payment s asa. a credit fo r merch andi se exports and a credit to sh ort-term finan ci al flo wsb. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to sh ort-term finan ci al flo ws.c. a credit fo r merch andise exports and a d ebit to uni lat eral transfersd. a credit for merch andise export s and a deb it to o ffi ci al set tlements13. The fo rei gn-exchan ge marketa. is locat ed in New Yorkb. is a market in Chi cago for the int ern ational trading o f co mmoditi es such as wh eat or copper.c. is a mechani sm fo r individual s and insti tutions to exch ange one nation al or regional cu rren cy o rdebt inst ru ment for those of oth er n ations or region s.d. is open fro m 9:00 a.m. t o 3:00 p.m. New Yo rk ti me, Monday throu gh Frid ay.14. Market fund ament als t hat mi ght be exp ected to i nflu ence exchan ge rat e mo vements in clude all o fthe follo wing factors excepta. di fferences in real in co me gro wth rat es b et ween countriesb. differences in real interest rates bet ween countriesc. sp ecul ati ve opinion abo ut futu re exch ange rat esd. chan ges in p ercei ved profit abili t y o f econo mi c in ve st ment s b et ween t wo countries15. If in fl ation is high er i n Mexico th an in the Unit ed States, th e law o f on e price would predict thata. t rad e bet ween M exi co and th e Unit ed States would declin eb. the dollar pri ce o f au tos purchased in Mexi co would be hi gher th an the dollar pri ce ofco mp arable autos purchased in the Unit ed Statesc. the p eso would appreci ate relati ve to th e dollar b y an amount equal in p ercen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat esd. the peso would depreci ate rel at ive to the dollar b y an amount equal in percen tage t erms to thedifference bet ween th e t wo infl ation rat es三、Questi ons（45’, answer these questi ons i n Chi nese）1. Assu me that l abor i s th e onl y factor used in production, and that the cost s o f producing b utt er and cloth are gi ven b y the t abl e belo w.(8’)(1) Express the pri ce o f bu tter rel ati ve to th e pri ce o f cloth in t erms o f l abor content for Ho me and Forei gn in the ab sen ce o f t rade.(2) Wh at do these relati ve prices reveal about each country’s co mparati ve advantage?(3) Wh at do these rel ati ve prices su ggest about the wo rld pri ce o f butt er rel at ive to cloth th at wi ll exist on ce these countri es trad e wi th each oth er?(4) If the world price st abilizes at 1 wi th trad e, what are the gain s b y the Ho me country achieved through trade with th e Forei gn country?2. Expl ain th e i mmi seri zi ng gro wth and li st the case for i mmiserizin g gro wth to be occur. (8’)3. Expl ain the ex chan ge rate o vershootin g theory (8’)4. Suppose that the no min al interest rate on 3-month Treasury bill s is 8 percent in the United Stat esand 6 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m, and the rat e o f infl ation i s 10 percent in the Unit ed Stat es and 4 percent in th e Unit ed Kingdo m.(9’)(1) Wh at i s the real interest rat e in each nation?(2) In whi ch direction wou ld intern ational invest men t flo w in response to these real int erest rates?(3) Wh at i mpact would these in vest ment flo ws h ave on the dollar’s exch ange value?5. Wh at effects do es labor mi gration have on th e country o f i mmi gration? Th e country o f emi gration?Th e world as a whole?(12’)国际经济学模拟习题（3）参考答案一、判断题（每题1分，共10分）╳√ ╳╳╳√ ╳╳╳╳二、选择题（每题3分，共45分）bcdba acacb dbccd三、简答题（共45分）1、(1) 封闭条件下，本国可以用一半的生产一单位布的劳动时间生产一单位黄油。

International Economics’ Middle Test1. The mercantilists would have objected to:a. Export promotion policies initiated by the governmentb. The use of tariffs or quotas to restrict importsc. Trade policies designed to accumulate gold and other precious metalsd. International trade based on open markets2. Unlike Adam Smith, David Ricardo’s trading principle emphasizes the:a. Demand side of the marketb. Supply side of the marketc. Role of comparative costsd. Role of absolute costs3. A nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located:a. Inside its production possibilities curveb. Along its production possibilities curvec. Outside its production possibilities curved. None of the above4. If a production possibilities curve is bowed out (i.e., concave) in appearance, production occurs under conditions of:a. Constant opportunity costsb. Increasing opportunity costsc. Decreasing opportunity costsd. Zero opportunity costs5. Increasing opportunity costs suggest that:a. Resources are not perfectly shiftable between the production of two goodsb. Resources are fully shiftable between the production of two goodsc. A country’s production possibilities curve appears as a straight lined. A country’s produ ction possibilities curve is bowed inward (i.e., convex) in appearance6. The trading-triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’s:a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of tradeb. Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformationc. Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exportsd. Terms of trade, exports, imports7. The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated with:a. Adam Smithb. David Ricardoc. Eli Heckscherd. Bertil Ohlin8. When a nation achieves autarky equilibrium:a. Input price equals final product priceb. Labor productivity equals the wage ratec. Imports equal exportsd. Production equals consumption9. The gains from international trade increase as:a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities scheduleb. A nation consumes along its production possibilities schedulec. The international terms of trade rises above the nation’s autarky priced. The international terms of trad e approaches the nation’s autarky price10. Under free trade, Canada would not enjoy any gains from trade with Sweden if Canada:a. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformationb. Trades at Sweden’s rate of transformationc. Specializes completely in the production of its export goodd. Specializes partially in the production of its export good11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:a. Improve the terms of tradeb. W orsen the terms of tradec. Expand the production possibilities curved. Contract the production possibilities curve12. A term-of-trade index that equals 90 indicates that compared to the base year:a. It requires a greater output of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsb. It requires a lesser amount of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsc. The price of exports has fallen from $100 to $90d. The price of imports has fallen from $100 to $9013. The use of indifference curves helps us determine the point:a. Along the production possibilities curve a country will chooseb. At which a country maximizes its resource productivityc. At which a country ceases to become competitived. Where the marginal rate of transformation approaches zero14. The equilibrium prices and quantities established after trade are fully determinate if we know:a. The location of all countries’ indifference curvesb. The shape of each country’s production possibilities curvec. The comparative costs of each trading partnerd.The strength of world supply and demand for each good15. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium where a community indifference curve:a. Lies above its production possibilities curveb. Is tangent to its production possibilities curvec. Intersects its production possibilities curved. Lies below its production possibilities curve16. Which of the following is false concerning indifference curves?a. They illustrate how the nation ranks alternative consumption bundlesb. Higher curves refer to more satisfactionc.They are negatively sloped, being bowed out away from the diagram’s origind.They reflect the tastes and preferences of a consumer17. The marginal rate of substitution is measured by the absolute value of the slope of a (an):a. Production possibilities curveb. Indifference curvec. Production possibilities curved. Demand curve18. According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:a. Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb. Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc. Face dissimilar relative abundances of the factors of productiond. Find their per capita income levels to be approximately the same19. Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a. Theory of factor endowmentsparative advantage theoryc.Theory of the product cycled.Overlapping demand theory20. The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowmentsc. Overlapping demandsd. Absolute advantage21. When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:a. Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from tradeb. Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from tradec. Higher trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from traded. Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade22. Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:a. Income levels among countriesb. Tastes and preferences among countriesc. Resource endowments among countriesd. Labor productivities among countries23. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run average cost is:a. Increasingb. Constantc. Decreasingd. None of the above24. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?a. Manufactured goodsb. Servicesc. Primary productsd. None of the above25. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?a. Specific factors theoryb. Product life cycle theoryc. Economies of scale theoryd. Overlapping demand theory26. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by:a. Adam Smith’s principle of absolute advantageb. Perfect competition in product marketsc. Diseconomies of large scale productiond. Transportation costs between and within nations27. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a. Calculators and computersb. Coal and crude oilc. Home movie camerasd. Office machinery28. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:a. Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural production c. Export products that are land-intensiveb. Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural production d. Import products that are land-intensive29. Given free trade, small nations tend to benefit the most from trade since they:a. Are more productive than their large trading partnersb. A re less productive than their large trading partnersc. Have demand preferences and income levels lower than their large trading partnersd. Enjoy terms of trade lying near the opportunity costs of their large trading partners30. The terms of trade is given by the prices:a. Paid for all goods imported by the home countryb. Received for all goods exported by the home countryc. Received for exports and paid for importsd. Of primary products as opposed to manufactured productsAnswer:dccba dbdca baadb cbdcb accaa dbcdc。

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举表达当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nationB can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比拟优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比拟优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比拟优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比拟优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比拟优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr iumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比拟优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price withtradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit yC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra-industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advan ced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比拟优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输本钱对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2021年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸开展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveA proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik elyto result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring countries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

25个选择题共50分，两个简答题30分，两个计算题20分张老师说：选择题要理解为什么，否则不一定能够做对下面是第一章到第五章的选择题及答案余下答案：acadaccacbInterdependence: 互相依赖international:. 国际的microeconomic: 微观经济interregional:地区间的Choice questions1 Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of( A)A the labor theory of valueB the opportunity cost theoryC the law of diminishing returns:边际报酬递减定律D all of the above2. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input投入), the range of mutually 互相的beneficial trade between nation A and B is: (C )A. 3Y<3X<5YB. 5Y<3X<9YC. 3Y<3X<9YD. 1Y<3X<3Y3. The commodity商品in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is thecommodity of its (D ).A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantageD. comparative advantage4. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established that nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have: (D )A an absolute advantage in commodity YB an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC a comparative disadvantage in commodity YD a comparative advantage in commodity Y5. If domestically 国内的3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:(D )A there will be no trade between the two nationsB the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC the relative price of Y is the same in both nationsD all of the above6. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency 货币usually ( B)A benefits U.S. importers进口商B benefits U.S. Exporters 出口商C benefits both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters7. The Mercantilists 重商主义者did not advocate 提倡( A)A free tradeB stimulating the nation’s exports stimulate刺激C restricting 限制the nation’s importsD the accumulation积聚of gold by the nationSlope 倾斜stepwise 逐步地equilibrium relative commodity均衡相对商品intersection交叉点余下答案：BACDbd1. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y? ( D)A. It is given by the absolute slope斜率of the indifference curve 无差异曲线B. declines下降as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curveD. all of the above2 The marginal rate of transformation边际转换率(MRT)of X for Y refers to ( D)A the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit单位of XB the opportunity cost of XC the absolute slope of the production frontier生产可能性边界at the point of productionD all of the above3 The marginal rate of substitution边际替换率(MRS) of X for Y in consumption消费refers to the ( B)A amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain on the same indifference curveB amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve4. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs? ( A)A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogenous同质的C. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion固定比例in the production of all commoditiesD. For the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are less and less suited适合in the production of the commodity5. Export prices出口价格must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation: ( D)A incurs招致increasing opportunity costs in export productionB faces decreasing减少opportunity costs in producing import substitutes. 替代品C faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumptionD all of the above6. In the trade between a small and a large nation (B ).A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeB. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to equally sharedD. we cannot say7 Commodity indifference curves (D )A are negatively slopedB are convex凸的to the origin原点C should not cross交叉D all of the above8. Nation 1’s share份额of the gains from trade will be greater: (B )A. the greater is nation 1’s demand for nation 2’s exportsB. the closer Px/Py with trade settles贸易落定to nation 2’s pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2’s demand for nation 1’s exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1’s pretrade Px/Pyconcave凹的intersect 相交application 应用equilibrium均衡compensation principle补偿原则isolation孤立inside在…之内tangent切线internal. 内部的exceed超过specialize专门化mutually互相地taste偏好余下答案：cdcacddddd1. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve: ( a)A. is a straight lineB. bulges凸出toward the axis轴measuring衡量the import commodityC. intersects相交the straight-line直线segment部分of the world’s offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion积极倾斜的部分of the world’s offer curve2. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析is false? (c )A. it relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one marketC. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price均衡相对商品价格but not the equilibrium quantity均衡产量with tradeD. it does not take into considerations the interactions相互作用between different markets3. If the nation’s tastes for its import commodity increases (d )A. the nation’s offer curve rotates旋转toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityC. the partner’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodityD. the nation’s offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity4. The offer curve of a nation bulges凸出toward the axis measuring the nation’s ( a)A. import commodityB. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. The offer curve of a nation shows: (d )A. the supply of a nation’s importsB. the demand for a nation’s exportsC. the trade partner’s demand for imports and supply of exportsD. the nation’s demand for imports and supply of exports6. If the terms of trade贸易条件of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are: ( b)A. 3/4B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/37. A deterioration恶化of a nation’s terms of trade causes the nation’s welfare to: (d )A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveapproximation近似sought寻找V olume量余下答案：dcdddaba1. Which is not an assumption假设of the H-O model? ( c)A. the same the technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale规模报酬不变C. complete specialization完全专业化D. equal tastes相同偏好in both nations2. The Leontief paradox里昂惕夫悖论refers to the empirical finding实证发现that U.S.:(a )A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes3. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in: (b )A. technologyB. factor endowments禀赋C. economies of scale规模经济D. tastes4. The H-O model extends延伸the classical trade model by: (c)A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining检查the effect of trade on factor pricesC. both A and BD. neither A nor B5. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upon a difference in (d )A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastesD. all of the above6. For factor reversal逆转to occur, two commodities must be produced with: (a )A. sufficiently充分地different elasticity of substitution替代弹性of factorsB. the same K/L ratio比率C. technologically-fixed factor proportions比例D. equal elasticity of substitution of factorsintensive集中的reject驳回,排斥await 等候余下答案：acbdcaddc简答题：每题最好都画图1.贸易理论：US和UK两国的W和C互换（见书），计算两国贸易所得2.画图说明一国两种产品的最优组合（无差异曲线与生产可能性曲线相交的切点）3.画图说明即使生产可能性曲线一样，无差异曲线不同，两国也能发生贸易4.求两国的提供曲线以及均衡贸易量和均衡产品价格5.Draw the offer curves for Nation 1 and Nation 2, showing that Nation 2 is a small nationthat trades at the pretrade-relative commodity prices in Nation 1. How are the gains fromtrade distributed between the two nations? Why?6.H—O—S模型，H—O模型7.里昂休斯悖论及解释6.幼稚产业观点7.说明产品周期8.Table 9——1 配额和关税的区别（因书上文字过多，就不一一写答案了）计算：1.题给两国的供给，需求曲线，求没有贸易时孤立均衡点2.给出供给，需求曲线的方程，计算关税，消费者损失，生产者剩余增加额（配额）3.第六章计算题第三题。

保罗克鲁格曼版国际经济学国际贸易部分同步单项选择题本文为保罗克鲁格曼版国际经济学国际贸易部分同步单项选择题文档。

以下将按照题目进行一一列出，供读者参考。

一、基本概念题1.下列哪个选项能够最恰当地描述国际贸易？–[ ] A. 同一国家内部的商品交换–[ ] B. 不同国家的货物和服务交易–[ ] C. 不同国家之间的货币交换–[ ] D. 不同国家之间的资本流动正确答案：B2.国际贸易的主要动力是什么？–[ ] A. 原材料和资源的需求差异–[ ] B. 不同国家的比较优势–[ ] C. 政府政策的干预–[ ] D. 货币汇率的波动正确答案：B3.以下哪个选项说明了比较优势的概念？–[ ] A. 一个国家在生产某种商品时，所需的机会成本较低–[ ] B. 一个国家的货币汇率较强势–[ ] C. 一个国家具有先进的技术和设备–[ ] D. 一个国家的人均收入较高正确答案：A4.以下哪个选项最能说明国际贸易对经济福利的贡献？–[ ] A. 国内生产总值的增长–[ ] B. 减少失业率–[ ] C. 降低商品价格–[ ] D. 增加政府税收正确答案：C二、模型和理论题5.下列哪个选项是描述绝对优势理论？–[ ] A. 一个国家在所有商品生产上都比其他国家高效–[ ] B. 一个国家在某些商品生产上具有相对优势–[ ] C. 一个国家的生产成本低于其他国家–[ ] D. 一个国家在国际市场上占据主导地位正确答案：A6.以下哪个选项最能说明比较优势理论？–[ ] A. 两个国家在生产两种商品上的机会成本比较–[ ] B. 两个国家的货币汇率比较–[ ] C. 两个国家的外贸政策比较–[ ] D. 两个国家的人口规模比较正确答案：A7.哪个选项最适合描述Ricardo的比较优势理论？–[ ] A. 国际贸易理论中的一个经验定理–[ ] B. 国际贸易中不存在比较优势–[ ] C. 国际贸易中只有绝对优势–[ ] D. 国际贸易只受限于贸易壁垒正确答案：A8.下列哪种情况下，两个国家能通过贸易获得互利？–[ ] A. 两个国家的机会成本相同–[ ] B. 两个国家的物价水平相同–[ ] C. 两个国家生产各种商品的成本相同–[ ] D. 两个国家各自具有相对优势正确答案：D三、政策和实践题9.下列哪个政策措施是促进国际贸易的常规手段？–[ ] A. 关税和配额的限制–[ ] B. 货币贬值措施–[ ] C. 出口补贴政策–[ ] D. 消费者补贴政策正确答案：C10.慢速增长型发展中国家常采取哪些贸易政策？–[ ] A. 出口导向型政策–[ ] B. 进口替代型政策–[ ] C. 自由贸易政策–[ ] D. 保护主义政策正确答案：B11.世界贸易组织（WTO）的主要目标是什么？–[ ] A. 促进自由贸易–[ ] B. 限制贸易壁垒–[ ] C. 改善贸易平衡–[ ] D. 保护发展中国家正确答案：A12.下列哪个选项是并非有效的贸易争端解决机制？–[ ] A. 调解机构–[ ] B. 防卫性贸易措施–[ ] C. 争端解决机构–[ ] D. 公关机构正确答案：B以上为保罗克鲁格曼版国际经济学国际贸易部分同步单项选择题文档。

模拟试卷一、Multiple-Choice Questions. (Choose the best answer for the following questions)(S core: 20x1%=20%)( B)1. As a result of international trade, specialization in production tends to be:a. Complete with constant costs—complete with increasing costsb. Complete with constant costs—incomplete with increasing costsc. Incomplete with constant costs—complete with increasing costsd. Incomplete with constant costs—incomplete with increasing costs( C) 2.Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:a. Laborb. Landc. Both labor and landd. Neither labor nor land( A) 3.Which of the following terms-of-trade concepts is calculated by dividing the change in a country’s export price index by the change in its import price index between two points in time, multiplied by 100 to express the terms of trade in percentages?modity terms of tradeb.Marginal rate of transformationc.Marginal rate of substitutiond.Autarky price ratio(D ) 4. The trading-triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’s:a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of tradeb.Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformationc.Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exportsd.Terms of trade, exports, imports(D )5. Proponents of ________ maintain that government should enact policies that encourage the development of emerging, “sunrise” industries.a. Product life cycle policyb. Static comparative advantage policyc. Intraindustry trade policyd. Industrial policy( C) 6.The Leontief paradox provided:a. Support for the principle of absolute advantageb. Support for the factor endowment modelc. Evidence against the factor endowment modeld. Evidence against the principle of absolute advantage( C)7.Assume the United States adopts a tariff quota on steel in which the quota is set at 2 million tons, the within-quota tariff rate equals 5 percent, and the over-quota tariff rate equals 10 percent. Suppose the U.S. imports 1 million tons of steel. The resulting revenue effect of the tariff quota would accrue to:a. The U.S. government onlyb. U.S. importing companies onlyc. Foreign exporting companies onlyd. The U.S. government and either U.S. importers or foreign exporters (A) 8.According to the principle of comparative advantage, specialization and trade increase a nation’s total output since:a. Resources are directed to their highest productivityb. The output of the nation’s trading partner declinesc. The nation can produce outside of its production possibilities curved. The problem of unemployment is eliminated(B ) 9.Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain over domestic producers because of foreign:a. Tariffsb. Subsidiesc. Quotasd. Buy-national policies( B) 10.Which type of multinational diversification occurs when the parent firm establishes foreign subsidiaries to produce intermediate goods going into the production of finished goods?a. Forward vertical integrationb. Backward vertical integrationc. Forward horizontal integrationd. Backward horizontal integration(B )11.Hong Kong and South Korea are examples of developing nations that have recently pursued industrialization policies. These countries are using:a. Import substitutionb. Export promotionc. Commercial dumpingd. Multilateral contract(A ) 12.Suppose that Canada has domestic firms that could supply its entire market for radios at a price of $50, while U.S. firms could supply radios at $40 and Mexico at $30. Suppose that Canada initially has a 50 percent tariff on imports of radios and then forms a free trade area with the United States. As a result, Canada realizes:a. Trade creation, no trade diversion, and overall welfare gainsb. Trade creation, no trade diversion, and overall welfare lossesc. Trade diversion, no trade creation, and potential overall welfare lossesd. Trade diversion, trade creation, and potential overall welfare gains( C) 13.Suppose General Motors charges its Mexican subsidiary $1 million for auto assembly equipment that could be purchased on the open market for $800,000. This practice is best referred to as:a. International dumpingb. Cost-plus pricingc. Transfer pricingd. Technological transfer(D ) 14.Firms undertake multinational operations in order to:a. Hire low-wage workersb. Manufacture in nations they have difficulty exporting toc. Obtain necessary factor inputsd. All of the above(D ) 15.Which of the following is classified as a credit in the U.S. balance of payments?a. U.S. exportsb. U.S. gifts to other countriesc. A flow of gold out of the U.S.d. Foreign loans made by U.S. companies(A ) 16.Reducing a current account deficit requires a country to:a. Increase the government’s deficit and increase private investment relative to savingb. Increase the government’s deficit and decrease private investment relative to savingc Decrease the government’s deficit increase private investment relative to savingd. Decrease the government’s deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving(B )17.The exchange rate is kept the same in all parts of the market by:a. Forward coverb. Hedgingc. Exchange speculationd. Exchange arbitrage(A ) 18. If you have a commitment to pay a friend in Britain 1,000 pounds in30 days, you could remove the risk of loss due to the appreciation of the pound by:a. Buying dollars in the forward market for delivery in 30 daysb. Selling dollars in the forward market for delivery in 30 daysc. Buying the pounds in the forward market for delivery in 30 daysd. Selling the pounds in the forward market for delivery in 30 days (B ) 19.Over time, a depreciation in the value of a nation’s currency in the foreign exchange market will result in:a. Exports rising and imports fallingb. Imports rising and exports fallingc. Both imports and exports risingd. Both imports and exports falling(A ) 20.Which trade policy results in the government levying a “two-tier” tariff on imported goods?a. Tariff quotab. Nominal tariffc. Effective tariffd. Revenue tariff二、Answers to True-False Questions（Score: 10x2%=20%）T1. To prevent the market price of tin from rising above the target price, the manager of a buffer stock will purchase excess supplies of tin from the market.F2. During periods of growing demand, a tariff more effectively restricts the volume of imports than an equivalent import quota.T3. If a “large” country levies a tariff on an imported good, its overall welfare increases if the monetary value of the tariff’s consumption effect plus protective effect exceeds the monetary value of the terms-of-trade effect.F4. If the exchange rate is $0.01 per yen in New York and $0.015 per yen in Tokyo, an arbitrager could profit by buying yen in Tokyo and simultaneously sell them in New York.F5.The purpose of a cartel is to support prices higher than would occur under more competitive conditions, thus increasing the profits of cartel members.F6. On the balance-of-payments statement, dividend and interest income are classified as capital-account transactions.F7. Due to transfer-pricing problems, multinational corporations must shift profits away from countries with low corporate tax rates to high tax-rate countries, thus absorbing a larger tax bite.T8. The effect of workers migrating from low-wage Mexico to high-wage United States is to redistribute income from capital to labor in the United States and from labor to capital in Mexico.T9. Assume 1990 to be the base year. If by the end of 2004 a country’s export price index rose from 100 to 125 while its import price index rose from 100 to 125, its terms of trade would equal 100.10. Because the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage was based only on a nation’s supply conditions, it could only determine the outer limits within which the equilibrium terms of trade would lie. T三、Answer the following questions in brief.（5x5%=25%）1．What is the difference between the MRT and MRS?2.How does the revenue effect of an import quota differ from that of a tariff?3.You are given the following spot exchange rates: $1=3mark s, $1=4 frank s, and 1mark=2 franks. Ignoring transaction costs, how much profit could a person make via three-point arbitrage?一美元购买了3马克，三马克可以购买6弗兰克，中间净获得2弗兰克。

国际经济考试题一、选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个术语描述的是一种国际贸易协议，旨在减少或消除成员国之间的关税和非关税壁垒？A. 货币政策B. 贸易壁垒C. 自由贸易区D. 国际货币基金组织2. 国际经济学中的“购买力平价”理论认为，长期来看，两国货币的汇率将会调整到一个水平，使得：A. 两国商品的价格相等B. 两国居民的购买力相等C. 两国的通货膨胀率相等D. 两国的经济增长速度相等3. 跨国公司在不同国家设立子公司的主要目的是什么？A. 避免支付高额关税B. 利用当地廉价劳动力C. 接近当地市场和资源D. 所有以上选项4. 国际货币体系中的“特别提款权”（SDR）是由哪个组织创建的？A. 世界银行B. 国际货币基金组织C. 世界贸易组织D. 联合国5. 经济全球化的主要驱动力不包括以下哪项？A. 技术进步B. 政策自由化C. 消费者偏好D. 跨国公司的扩张6. 国际金融市场上，短期资本流动通常是为了：A. 投资于长期项目B. 利用汇率波动获利C. 促进国际贸易D. 支持多边开发银行的贷款项目7. 国际经济合作的主要障碍之一是：A. 文化差异B. 政治体制差异C. 经济发展水平差异D. 所有以上选项8. 以下哪个不是国际经济政策协调的主要工具？A. 货币政策协调B. 财政政策协调C. 贸易政策协调D. 环境政策协调9. 发展中国家在国际贸易中面临的主要挑战是：A. 缺乏足够的自然资源B. 缺乏进入发达国家市场的机会C. 缺乏高效的法律体系D. 缺乏先进的科技10. 国际经济制裁的目的通常是为了：A. 惩罚违反国际法的行为B. 保护环境C. 促进人权D. 以上所有选项二、简答题（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 简述比较优势理论的基本内容及其对国际贸易的意义。

2. 描述国际货币体系的演变，并解释布雷顿森林体系的主要特点。

3. 讨论全球化对发展中国家经济的正面和负面影响。

Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, whenaLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force. IfLC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals （L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price and factorprice M P ˆ、FP ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real income ofcapitalists increase, it can be shown as K r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall. 10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes theconvergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports were less capital -intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences .17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） ofthe terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) .19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep .20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Co mpetition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade.26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfarecan be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则) ”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy,income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part ofexp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体） 37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largelyindustrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection .40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively) 1. If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relative productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence in wages.( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition. ( F ) 8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies (补贴) to redistribute （重新分配） income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policythan conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F )25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts. ( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model. ( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise i n the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a tra nsfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve it s terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade.( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical （一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The s tratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and producessimilar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.When a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government. ( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh the efficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid a rgument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO forbids preferentia l trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparative advantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F )PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in both countries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes.5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer labor units.G.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle （消费约束）A.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier （生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D.the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade A.is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive product rises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause less demand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.B.the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）of manufactures and food remain unchanged.D.the relative quantities of products change by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures and food falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparative advantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.C.provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along the production possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.C.shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of thelabor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curve下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA.supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-product framework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all countries.A.factor of production endowmentsB.scale economiesC.factor of production intensitiesD.technologyE.opportunity costs25.As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade A.countries will not be fully specialized（专业化）in one product.B.countries will benefit from free international trade.C.countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.parative advantage is primarily supply related.E.None of the above.26.Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land endowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,A.European landowners should supportUS-European free trade.B.European capitalists should supportUS-European free trade.C.all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.D.all landowners should support free trade.E.None of the above.27.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United State s is richly endowed inhuman-capital relative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,A.the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.B.Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.C.The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.D.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.E.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States. （墨西哥高技术工人工资降低到美国同水平）28.If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities（相对要素丰富程度相差很多）, then we would not expect which of the following to be empirically supported?。

淮海工学院2010- 2011学年第一学期国际经济学试卷(A开卷)一、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）1.外部规模经济2．赫克歇尔-俄林定理3．重叠需求4．外汇储备5．对外贸易乘数二、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．国际贸易利益包括了（ A ）两部分。

A．交换的利益和专业化的利益B．劳动生产率的利益和比较优势的利益C．要素禀赋的利益和交换的利益D．技术的利益和偏好的利益2．下列贸易理论与规模经济无关的有（ D ）A．产品差异理论B．重叠需求理论C．相互倾销理论D．嗜好理论3．假设某一行业（X1）需要另两个行业（X2 和X3）的产品作为中间投入，投入产出系数分别为α21=0.2，α31=0.5，三个行业的进口关税分别用T1、T2和T3表示，当T1=30%、T2=20%、T3=40%时，X1 的有效保护率是（B ）A．70% B．20% C．30% D．60%4．下列（D）行业最有可能具有内部规模经济。

A．好莱坞的电影城；B.加州的硅谷C．北京中关村的电脑城D．美国的大型农场5．在垄断竞争模型中（B）A．如果两国拥有相同的总体资本—劳动比例，它们之间就不会发生贸易。

B．贸易导致了商品品种的增多和规模经济效应的扩大，进而可以带来收益。

C．从产气来看，厂商可以获益D．要素禀赋并不能决定产业间贸易的发生6．初级产品价格发生显著摸顶的原因是（D ）A．随着收入增加，需求显著增加B．供给对价格的弹性很大C．需求对价格的弹性很大D．需求和供给对价格缺乏弹性7．跨国公司进行国际合资可能出于以下原因，除了（ C ）A．获得更先进技术和管理技巧B．服从东道国政府的限制规定C．更有效地融合不同国家的语言和文化D．实现全球生产工厂之间的密切协调8．必须在90天内支付100万瑞士法郎的美国进口商可以通过（A ）方式转嫁美圆贬值的风险。

A．在远期市场上买进90天期的法郎B．在远期市场上卖出90天期的法郎C．在远期市场上买进法郎，90天后在即期市场上卖出D．在远期市场上卖出法郎，90天后在即期市场上买进9．下面各项中，应记入美国国际收支帐户借方的是（ C ）A．一家墨西哥企业向美国银行归还贷款B．美国投资者收到日本基金支付的债券股息C．伦敦罗意德保险公司向克莱斯勒公司出售一份保险单D．日本丰田公司在肯塔基州建立一家汽车装配工厂１10．关于在固定汇率下的宏观经济政策的有效性（资本完全流动），说法不正确的是（C ）A．任何国家都不可能独立地执行货币政策B．执行的财政政策是有效的C．扩张性的财政政策的长期效果是使利率上升，收入提高D．扩张性的财政政策的长期效果是使利率恢复到原来的水平，国际收支平衡为止三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．两国贸易时，贸易条件均衡等于较小国家贸易前的现行国内价格比。

Multiple-Choice Questions Ch.21.The Mercantilists did not advocate: aa. free tradeb. stimulating the nation's exportsc. restricting the nations' importsd. the accumulation of gold by the nation2.According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on: aa. absolute advantageb. comparative advantagec. both absolute and comparative advantaged. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3.What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage? c.a. Allb. mostc. somed. none4.The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its: da. absolute disadvantageb. absolute advantagec. comparative disadvantaged. comparative advantage5.If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established that nation dA has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nationB must have:a. an absolute advantage in commodity Yb. an absolute disadvantage in commodity Yc. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Yd. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6.If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input): ca. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Xb. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Yc. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity Xd. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6: da. Px/Py=1 in nation Ab. Px/Py=3 in nation Bc. Py/Px=1/3 in nation Bd. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y: .ba. nation A gains 2Xb. nation B gains 6Yc. nation A gains 3Yd. nation B gains 3Y9.With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tradebetween nation A and B is: .ca. 3Y < 3X < 5Yb. 5Y < 3X < 9Yc. 3Y < 3X < 9Yd. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:d..a. there will be no trade between the two nationsb. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsc. the relative price of Y is the same in both nationsd. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of: a.a. the labor theory of valueb. the opportunity cost theoryc. the law of diminishing returnsd. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true? d.a. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slopedb. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwisec.the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is given bytheintersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nationsd. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upon adifference in: d.a. factor endowmentsb. technologyc. tastesd. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:ba. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeb. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradec. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedd. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically a.a. verifiedb. rejectedc. not testedd. tested but the results were inconclusiveMultiple-Choice Questions Ch.31. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incursincreasing opportunity costs in the production of:a. commodity X onlyb. commodity Y onlyc. both commoditiesd. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:a. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of Xb. the opportunity cost of Xc. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of productiond. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:a. technology differs among nationsb. factors of production are not homogeneousc. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the productionof allcommoditiesd. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are less andless suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:a. are negatively slopedb. are convex to the originc. should not crossd. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:a.amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain onthesame indifference curveb. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on thesame indifference curvec.amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higherindifference curved.amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higherindifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?a. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveb. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curvec. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curved. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?a. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesb. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysisc. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can beovercome by the application of the compensation principled. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?a. It consumes inside its production frontierb. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierc. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierd. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:a. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity Yb. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity Xc. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity Yd. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:a. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exportsb. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/Pyc. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsd. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradea. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibriumb. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibriumc. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Pyd. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:a. neither nation will specialize completely in productionb. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierc. a small nation will always gain from traded. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?a.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and thegainsfrom specializationb. gains from exchange result even without specializationc. gains from specialization result even without exchanged. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are always:a. greaterb. smallerc. equald. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:a. equal but tastes are notb. different but tastes are the samec. different and tastes are also differentd. the same and tastes are also the same.Multiple Choice Questions Ch.41. Which of the following statements is correct?a. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityb. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityc. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodityd. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriuma. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityb. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exportsc. the commodity price will falld. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:a. the supply of a nation's importsb. the demand for a nation's exportsc. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exportsd. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nation'sa. import commodityb. export commodityc. export or import commodityd. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:a. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionb. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesc. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumptiond. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?a. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesb. it isolates for study one marketc. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not theequilibrium quantity with traded. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?a.The demand and supply curves are derived from the nation's production frontier andindifference mapb. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesc. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curvesd. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analysis?a. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeb.the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity withtradec.the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among allmarketsin the economyd. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:a. 3/4b. 2/3c. 3/2d. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:a. is a straight lineb. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodityc. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curved. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:a. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityb. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityc. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodityd. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:a. the nation's terms of trade remain unchangedb. the nation's terms of trade deterioratec. the partner's terms of trade deteriorated. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:a. increasesb. declinesc. remains unchangedd. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:a. deteriorateb. improvec. remain unchangedd. any of the aboveMultiple-Choice Questions ch.51. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:a. explaining the basis for comparative advantageb. examining the effect of trade on factor pricesc. both a and bd. neither a nor b2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O modela. the same technology in both nationsb. constant returns to scalec. complete specializationd. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:a. factor prices are the sameb. tastes are the samec. production functions are the samed. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:a. more K is used in the production of Y than Xb. less L is used in the production of Y than Xc. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than Xd. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/Ka. falls in the production of both commoditiesb. rises in the production of both commoditiesc. can rise or falld. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:a. greater absolute amount of Kb. smaller absolute amount of Lc. higher L/K ratiod. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a difference in:a. technologyb. factor endowmentsc. tastesd. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:a. technologyb. factor endowmentsc. economies of scaled. tastes9. According to the H-O-S model, trade reduces international differences in:a. relative but not absolute factor pricesb. absolute but not relative factor pricesc. both relative and absolute factor pricesd. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O-S model, international trade will:a. reduce international differences in per capita incomesb. increases international differences in per capita incomesc. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomesd. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:a. production in both nationsb. consumption in both nationsc. trade between the two nationsd. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium modelbecause it deals with:a. two nationsb. two commoditiesc. two factors of productiond. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.a. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsb. imports are more K-intensive than exportsc. exports are more L-intensive than importsd. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:a. must be rejectedb. must be accepted without reservationsc. can be accepted while awaiting further testingd. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:a. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsb. the same K/L ratioc. technologically-fixed factor proportionsd. equal elasticity of substitution of factorsMultiple-Choice Questions Ch. 6:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:a. leads to rejection of the theoryb. leaves the theory unaffectedc. requires complementary trade theoriesd. any of the above.1.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed,leavethe theory unaffected?a. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsb. both nations use the same technologyc. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nationsd. all of the above2.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed,require new trade theories?a. Economies of scaleb. incomplete specializationc. similar tastes in both nationsd. the existence of transportation costs3.International trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations haveidentical:a. factor endowmentsb. tastesc. technologyd. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:a. is intra-industry tradeb. involves differentiated productsc. is based on monopolistic competitiond. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:a. among industrial countriesb. between developed and developing countriesc. in industrial goodsd. all of the above4.The theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market existswas advanced by:a. Linderb. Vernonc. Leontiefd. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:a. because products are homogeneousb. in order to take advantage of economies of scalec. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationd. all of the above1.If a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra-industry (T) index is equal to:a. 1.00b. 0.75c. 0.666d. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:a. the H-O theoryb. the product-cycle theoryc. Linder's theoryd. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theory?a. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesb. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesc. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to lessadvanced countriesd. all of the above12. Transport costs:a. increase the price in the importing countryb. reduces the price in the exporting countryc. both of the aboved. neither a nor b.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:a. with demand and supply curvesb. production frontiersc. offer curvesd. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:a. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityb. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityc. exporting agricultural productsd. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:a. gains weight in processingb. loses weight in processingc. both of the aboved. neither a nor b.Multiple-choice Questions Ch.81. Which of the following statements is incorrect?a.An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the tradedcommodityb. a specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.c. export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitutiond. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:a. which does not affect world price by its tradingb. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityb.whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount ofthetariffd. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:a. consumption of the commodity increasesb. production of the commodity decreasesc. imports of the commodity increased. none of the above4.The increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured bythearea:a. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without thetariffb. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffc. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffd. none of the above.5. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity:a. the rent of domestic producers of the commodity increasesb. the protection cost of the tariff decreasesc. the deadweight loss decreasesd. all of the above6. Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to the rate of effectiveprotection?a. for given values of ai and ti, g is larger the greater is tb. for a given value of t and ti, g is larger the greater is a ic. g exceeds, is equal to or is smaller than t, as t i is smaller than, is equal to or islarger than td. when a i t i exceeds t, the rate of effective protection is positive7. With a i=50%, t i=0, and t=20%, g is:a. 40%b. 20%c. 80%d. 08. The imposition of an import tariff by a small nation:a. increases the relative price of the import commodity for domestic producers andconsumersb.reduces the relative price of the import commodity for domestic producers andconsumersc. increases the relative price of the import commodity for the nation as a wholed. any of the above is possible9. The imposition of an import tariff by a small nation:a. increases the nation's welfareb. reduces the nation's welfarec. leaves the nation's welfare unchangedd. any of the above is possible10. According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, the imposition of a tariff by a nation:a. increases the real return of the nation's abundant factorb. increases the real return of the nation's scarce factorc. reduces the real return of the nation's scarce factord. any of the above is possible11. The imposition of an import tariff by a nation results in:a. an increase in relative price of the nation's import commodityb. an increase in the nation's production of its importable commodityc. reduces the real return of the nation's abundant factord. all of the above12. The imposition of an import tariff by a nation can be represented by a rotation of the:a. nation's offer curve away from the axis measuring the commodity of its comparativeadvantageb.the nation's offer curve toward the axis measuring the commodity of itscomparativeadvantagec.the other nation's offer curve toward the axis measuring the commodity of itscomparative advantaged.the other nation's offer curve away from the axis measuring the commodity of itscomparative advantage13. The imposition of an import tariff by a large nation:a. increases the nation's terms of tradeb. reduces the volume of tradec. may increase or reduce the nation's welfared. all of the above14. The imposition of an optimum tariff by a large nation:a. improves its terms of tradeb. reduces the volume of tradec. increases the nation's welfared. all of the above15. The optimum tariff for a small nation is:a. 100%b. 50%c. 0d. depends on elasticitiesMultiple-choice Questions Ch. 9:1. An import quota:a. increases the domestic price of the imported commodityb. reduces domestic consumptionc. increases domestic productiond. all of the above2. An increase in the demand of the imported commodity subject to a given import quota:a. reduces the domestic quantity demanded of the commodityb. increases the domestic production of the commodityc. reduces the domestic price of the commodityd. reduces the producers' surplus3. Adjustment to any shift in the domestic demand or supply of an importable commodityoccurs:a. in domestic price with an import quotab. in the quantity of imports with a tariffc. through the market mechanism with an import tariff but not with an import quotad. all of the above4. An international cartel refers to:a. dumpingb. an organization of exportersc. an international commodity agreementd. voluntary export restraints5. The temporary sale of a commodity at below cost or at a lower price abroad in order todrive foreign producers out of business is called:a. predatory dumpingb. sporadic dumpingc. continuous dumpingd. voluntary export restraints6. The type of dumping which would justify antidumping measures by the country subjectto the dumping is:a. predatory dumpingb. sporadic dumpingc. continuous dumpingd. all of the above7. A fallacious argument for protection is:a. the infant industry argumentb. protection for national defensec. the scientific tariffd. to correct domestic distortions8. Which of the following is true with respect to the infant-industry argument for protection:a. it refers to temporary protection to establish a domestic industryb.to be valid, the return to the grown-up industry must be sufficiently high also torepayfor the higher prices paid by domestic consumers of the commodity during the infancyperiodc. is inferior to an equivalent production subsidy to the infant industryd. all of the above9. Which of the following is false with respect to strategic trade policy?a. it postulates that a nation can gain by an activist trade policyb. it is practiced to some extent by most industrial nationsc. it can easily be carried outd. all of the above10. Industrial policy refers to:a.an activist policy by the government of an industrial country to stimulate thedevelopment of an industryb.the granting of a subsidy to a domestic industry to stimulate the development ofanindustryc. the granting of a subsidy to a domestic industry to counter a foreign subsidyd. all of the above11. Game theory refers to:a. a method of choosing the optimal strategy in conflict situationsb. the granting of a subsidy to correct a domestic distortionc. the theory of tariff protectiond. none of the above12. Trade protection in the United States is usually provided to:a. low-wage workersb. well-organized industries with large employmentc. industries producing consumer productsd. all of the above13. The most-favored-nation principle refers to:a. extension to all trade partners of any reciprocal tariff reduction negotiated by theU.S. with any of its trade partnersb. multilateral trade negotiationc. the General Agreement on Tariffs and Traded. the International Trade Organization14. On which of the following principles does GATT rest?a. nondiscriminationb. elimination of nontariff barriersc. consultation among nations in solving trade disputesd. all of the above15. Which of the following was not negotiated under the Uruguay Round?a. reduction of tariffs on industrial goodsb. replacement of quotas with tariffsc. reduction of subsidies on industrial products and on agricultural exportsd. liberalization in trade in most servicesMultiple-choice Questions for Ch. 131. Which of the following is false?a. A credit transaction leads to a payment from foreignersb. A debit transaction leads to a payment to foreignersc. A credit transaction is entered with a negative signd. Double-entry bookkeeping refers to each transaction entered twice.2. Which of the following is a debit?a. The export of goodsb. The export of servicesc. Unilateral transfers given to foreignersd. Capital inflows3. Capital inflows:a. refer to an increase in foreign assets in the nationb. refer to a reduction in the nation's assets abroadc. lead to a payment from foreignersd. all of the above4. When a U.S. firm imports goods to be paid in three months the U.S. credits:a. the current accountb. unilateral transfersc. capitald. official reserves5.The receipt of an interest payment on a loan made by a U.S. commercial bank to aforeignresident is entered in the U.S. balance of payments as a:a. credit in the capital accountb. credit in the current accountc. credit in official reservesd. debit in unilateral transfers6. The payment of a dividend by an American company to a foreign stockholder represents:a. a debit in the U.S. capital accountb. a credit in the U.S. capital accountc. a credit in the U.S. official reserve accountd. a debit in the U.S. current account7 .When a U.S. firm imports a good from England a pays for it by drawing on its poundsterling balances in a London Bank, the U.S. debits its current account and credits its:a. official reserve accountb. unilateral transfers accountc. services in its current accountd. capital account8. When the U.S. ships food aid to a developing nation, the U.S. debits:a. unilateral transfersb. servicesc. capitald. official reserves9. When the resident of a foreign nation (1) sells a U.S. stock and (2) deposits the proceeds ina U.S. bank, the U.S.:a. credits capital for (1) and debits capital for (2)。