专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷179(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷179 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You

will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please

complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE

THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both

grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for

note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

听力原文： Audience Awareness of Writing Good morning,

everyone. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the

audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of

those elements, the audience. This is a very important aspect for writing. The term

audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio

programs.(1)Here we expand it to include readers of written materials in discussions

of writing activities. Why is this concept so important?(2)As shown in the example in

our book, the same topic, when written to different audiences, can have very different

content, structure, style, etc. Thus, the importance of a keen awareness of your

audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can

be examined from three different perspectives: 1. your social relations to your

audience: 2. your audience’s knowledge about your subject: 3. your

audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.

Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, the first point, analyze your audience in terms of

your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of

the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a college student? To the director

of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college?(3)In each

situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relation

has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind

would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean

was one of his or her buddies. (4)The second point, analyze your audience in

terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about.(5)This analysis is

valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing

a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge

would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and

how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot

about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to

death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly

unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn.(6)The emphasis here should be to

show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively

detailed information on each holiday. (7)Now, the third point, analyze your

audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in

the writing.(8)This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative

essays, which is much more complex and challenging.(9)In a persuasive essay you

present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a

belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative

writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are

neutral or undecided, and those who disagree. (10- 1)When writing to an

audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there

much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already

shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive

relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century,(11)all you need

to do is repeat why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of

the whole world. (10-2/12- 1)When writing to audiences who are neutral or

undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to

propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in

rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s

new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the

high education they deserve so much.(13)Some people may be undecided because