如何翻译英文摘要

医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译[摘要]2.1 文章标题文章标题具备信息功能（提供文章的主要内容）、祈使功能（吸引读者阅读和购买）、美感功能（简单明了、新颖、醒目）和检索功能（方便读者和科技工作者检索、查阅及引用）。

2.2 语态在英语中却常常采用第三人称的被动语态。

2.3 时态：一般现在时和一般过去时，偶尔也会出现完成时。

结论”中的一句，是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结，并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义，因此使用的是一般现在时。

当然，使用何种时态不能一概而论。

在翻译时，要根据原文中所要表达的意思来最后确定。

3 长、难句的翻译不管是英语还是汉语医学文章，都有一个共同的特点，即它们的句子通常较长，结构较复杂，有时，长长的一段文字仅由一句话组成。

在医学论文摘要中更是如此，要做好它们的互译还真不容易。

这是因为汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought?pivot)上'英语句子建构在形式（或主谓）主轴(form?pivot or subject? predict?pivot)上。

也就是说，虽然句子是表达完整意义的语言单位，汉语强调的是意义，不太强调句子结构，许多句子没有主语，还有的句子主语不明显，但意义是明确的；而英语句子特别强调句子结构，绝大多数句子需要主语和谓语。

这就要求在汉译英过程中注意句意的转换，学会抓找中心词和使用英语中的各个关联词。

请看下列例子例1：“以BPDE诱导恶性转化的人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE为模型，采用cDNA代表性差异分析方法，比较转化细胞及正常对照细胞间基因表达的差异，分离恶变细胞中差异表达的cDNA片段。

”翻译：The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE was used as a m odel for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cell s.分析：在中文原句中，出现了“以……”、“采用……”以及“比较……”、“分离……”这两个看似并列的机构'如果按照原文翻译'就会不知所云。

论文英文摘要翻译浅析（优秀3篇）范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。

常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。

那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？下面是小编为大伙儿带来的3篇《论文英文摘要翻译浅析》，可以帮助到您，就是小编最大的乐趣哦。

摘要的英语说法篇一summary摘要的英语例句：篇二1、 First, we have this roundup of the days news.首先来看今天的新闻摘要。

2、 The material below is a distillation of his work.下面的材料是他工作的摘要。

3、 Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。

4、The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。

5、 Well be back after the break with a round-up oftodays other stories.休息之后我们会摘要报道今天其他的新闻。

6、 Later we received resumes of what she had said.后来我们收到她讲话的摘要。

7、Objective Inquiry into the heavy asphy_iation rescues measure of the new born.摘要目的探讨新生儿重度窒息抢救的措施。

8、 He has abstracted the speech.他对讲话作了摘要。

9、 He made an abstract of a long article.他对一篇长文章做了摘要。

毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。

摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分,论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方,摘要的英文版是什么？来看下面的内容：摘要用中文翻译成英文【1】毕业论文AbstractTitanium ore, elected from magnetite or Titan magnetite, is widely used as the raw material in the production of titanium dioxide.Titanium quality and its yield constraints is often the bottle neck in the titanium industry. Thus, we can not blindly consume a large amount of capital to maintain or improve its quality and yield.This paper makes an attempt to explores and optimize the development of the titanium industry, through inside and outside observation and association.In this paper, flotation tests are conducted to compare the original pulp titanium ore with Polyacrylamide and that without on the concentrate grade yield of titanium concentrates.In this process, the consumption of drugs, the recovery rate of , equipment utilization, the amount and cost of polyacrylamide (PAM) areall considered to determine whether it is a ptimization program to add Polyacrylamide to the original flotation pulp of titanium ore.Finally, we reach a conclusion through relevant data .In the experimental process, in principle, we do not change the originalflotation process and the relevant parameters.Key words: Titanium ore; Flotation; Polyacrylamide; quality; yield.毕业论文摘要的书写方法和技巧【2】1.摘要的作用摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。

英文摘要翻译_英文摘要Interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin nd its Strtegic Rodmp Wng YibingThis study nlyzes the interntionliztion chrcteristics of trditionl universities nd interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin (OUC) nd its strtegic rodmp. It posits tht interntionliztion of universities hs lredy become n indispensible choice n importnt field for reforms nd innovtions, must strtegy for rpid development for higher eduction in developing countries. Interntionliztion is systems engineering, clling for reforms nd innovtions, involving university leders, fculties nd deprtments, nd ll stff members. The uthor puts forwrd the following strtegic rodmp for OUC: enhncing cpcity building through globlizing eduction concepts nd ides, teching stff nd courses; building interntionl reputtion by mximizing its strengths nd influences; developing interntionl eduction coopertion nd exchnge progrms with provincil brnches nd regionl colleges of OUC mking use of the regionl dvntges to suit the locl needs; brodening strtegic development, opportunities nd pltforms for joint eduction projectsthrough developing prtnerships with interntionl institutes; nd developing courses bout neighboring countries, their lnguges, culture nd generl bckground, etc.Keywords: eduction interntionliztion; interntionliztion of universities; Open UniversityComprtive Study on Distnce Eduction Reserch Developmentnd Current Focus in Chin nd the US:From Reserch Journl PerspectiveHo DnBeing pltform for issuing cdemic reserch fruits, the ppers on scientific journls reflect the development context nd hotspots of current reserch. This reserch selects 2141 ppers (from 2000 to 2022) of two scientific journls, Distnce Eduction in Chin nd the mericn journl of distnce eduction. These ppers re divided into six reserch fields. In the comprtive study, the points of common concern by the two journls re discovered in seven yers, nd the chrcteristics in prctices nd reserches in Distnce Eduction re reflected in the chnges in concerning res. Reserchers hope tht thisreserch cn help to forecst the topics tht needed to be focused on, which will contribute to selecting topics in scientific reserch nd journl edit.Keywords: Distnce Eduction in Chin nd US; comprtive study; scientific journlStudy of Successful Distnce English Lerners’Lerning StrtegiesXio JunhongReserch on the good lnguge lerner’s lerning strtegies hs been high on the gend of prctitioners in the field of Teching English s Second/Foreign Lnguge (ESL/EFL). Nevertheless, the mjority of studies were undertken in the conventionl lerning context. This study, therefore, set out to focus on the good distnce lnguge lerner, investigting 10 successful nd 10 unsuccessful distnce English lerners in Chin with the im of constructing ‘lerning strtegy’profile of the successful distnce lerner. Using the reserch instrument of semi-structured interview, this study investigted the difference in lerning strtegies between successful nd unsuccessful distnce Englishlerners in terms of vocbulry, grmmr nd pronuncition, the skills of listening, speking, reding nd writing, metcognitive skills s well s socil skills. Findings indicte tht the lerning strtegies dopted by successful lerners embodied more rtionl fetures in comprison with those used by unsuccessful lerners, hence ble to better compenste for lck of prctice in the process of distnce English lerning. Implictions for effective distnce English instruction were lso discussed in the rticle.Keywords: teching English t distnce; successful English lerner; lerning strtegyEduction Opportunities for Specil Groups: Cse Study in PrisonZhng ZhengwuModern distnce eduction hs become the key plyer for building lifelong lerning system nd lerning society. It is new chllenging tsk to provide distnce eduction progrms to prisoners to serve their specil needs. On the one hnd, prisoners need to be educted, nd there re strong infrstructure fcilities nd trining expertise; on the other hnd,there tends to be conservtive eduction philosophy in prisons, nd teching mngement, interctive lerning nd orgnizing exms my be difficult. The cse presented in the study provides some experience in offering distnce eduction progrms in prisons in terms of student enrolment, mngement, teching, exmintion nd lerning support.Keywords: Open Lerning; distnce eduction in prison; innovtion; modeDesigning Online Courses in Cloud Computing Environment:the Cse of Modern Eduction TechnologyWen Xioyong nd Hung Weilings the core technology of next genertion online computing pltforms, cloud computing is to bring bout drstic trnsformtion in eduction. This study focuses on the design strtegies for online courses in cloud computing environment. It puts forwrd cloud-ground integrtion construction mode, in which, free open source softwre pieces re instlled on the desktop terminls while cloudservices re provided by cloud providers. Effective integrtion of the two relizes digitliztion of teching contents nd interctive online teching ctivities between techers nd students. cse ws presented in the study nd student lerning profiles re followed. The results indicte tht such design mode significntly improves resource shring nd lerner-instructor interction.Keywords: online courses; cloud computing; construction mode; cloud services Interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin nd its Strtegic RodmpWng YibingThis study nlyzes the interntionliztion chrcteristics of trditionl universities nd interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin (OUC) nd its strtegic rodmp. It posits tht interntionliztion of universities hs lredy become n indispensible choice n importnt field for reforms nd innovtions, must strtegy for rpid development for higher eduction in developing countries. Interntionliztion is systems engineering, clling for reforms nd innovtions, involving university leders, fculties nd deprtments, nd ll stff members. The uthor puts forwrd the following strtegicrodmp for OUC: enhncing cpcity building through globlizing eduction concepts nd ides, teching stff nd courses; building interntionl reputtion by mximizing its strengths nd influences; developing interntionl eduction coopertion nd exchnge progrms with provincil brnches nd regionl colleges of OUC mking use of the regionl dvntges to suit the locl needs; brodening strtegic development, opportunities nd pltforms for joint eduction projects through developing prtnerships with interntionl institutes; nd developing courses bout neighboring countries, their lnguges, culture nd generl bckground, etc.Keywords: eduction interntionliztion; interntionliztion of universities; Open UniversityComprtive Study on Distnce Eduction Reserch Developmentnd Current Focus in Chin nd the US:From Reserch Journl PerspectiveHo DnBeing pltform for issuing cdemic reserch fruits, the ppers on scientific journls reflect the development contextnd hotspots of current reserch. This reserch selects 2141 ppers (from 2000 to 2022) of two scientific journls, Distnce Eduction in Chin nd the mericn journl of distnce eduction. These ppers re divided into six reserch fields. In the comprtive study, the points of common concern by the two journls re discovered in seven yers, nd the chrcteristics in prctices nd reserches in Distnce Eduction re reflected in the chnges in concerning res. Reserchers hope tht this reserch cn help to forecst the topics tht needed to be focused on, which will contribute to selecting topics in scientific reserch nd journl edit.Keywords: Distnce Eduction in Chin nd US; comprtive study; scientific journlStudy of Successful Distnce English Lerners’Lerning StrtegiesXio JunhongReserch on the good lnguge lerner’s lerning strtegies hs been high on the gend of prctitioners in the field of Teching English s Second/Foreign Lnguge (ESL/EFL). Nevertheless, the mjority of studies wereundertken in the conventionl lerning context. This study, therefore, set out to focus on the good distnce lnguge lerner, investigting 10 successful nd 10 unsuccessful distnce English lerners in Chin with the im of constructing ‘lerning strtegy’profile of the successful distnce lerner. Using the reserch instrument of semi-structured interview, this study investigted the difference in lerning strtegies between successful nd unsuccessful distnce English lerners in terms of vocbulry, grmmr nd pronuncition, the skills of listening, speking, reding nd writing, metcognitive skills s well s socil skills. Findings indicte tht the lerning strtegies dopted by successful lerners embodied more rtionl fetures in comprison with those used by unsuccessful lerners, hence ble to better compenste for lck of prctice in the process of distnce English lerning. Implictions for effective distnce English instruction were lso discussed in the rticle.Keywords: teching English t distnce; successful English lerner; lerning strtegyEduction Opportunities for Specil Groups: Cse Study in PrisonZhng ZhengwuModern distnce eduction hs become the key plyer for building lifelong lerning system nd lerning society. It is new chllenging tsk to provide distnce eduction progrms to prisoners to serve their specil needs. On the one hnd, prisoners need to be educted, nd there re strong infrstructure fcilities nd trining expertise; on the other hnd, there tends to be conservtive eduction philosophy in prisons, nd teching mngement, interctive lerning nd orgnizing exms my be difficult. The cse presented in the study provides some experience in offering distnce eduction progrms in prisons in terms of student enrolment, mngement, teching, exmintion nd lerning support.Keywords: Open Lerning; distnce eduction in prison; innovtion; modeDesigning Online Courses in Cloud Computing Environment:the Cse of Modern Eduction TechnologyWen Xioyong nd Hung Weilings the core technology of next genertion online computing pltforms, cloud computing is to bring bout drstic trnsformtion in eduction. This study focuses on the design strtegies for online courses in cloud computing environment. It puts forwrd cloud-ground integrtion construction mode, in which, free open source softwre pieces re instlled on the desktop terminls while cloud services re provided by cloud providers. Effective integrtion of the two relizes digitliztion of teching contents nd interctive online teching ctivities between techers nd students. cse ws presented in the study nd student lerning profiles re followed. The results indicte tht such design mode significntly improves resource shring nd lerner-instructor interction.Keywords: online courses; cloud computing; construction mode; cloud services英文摘要1。

摘要: 英语论文格式学术论文摘要的英译可以促进国际间的学术交流。

文中说明了摘要的内涵、分类, 分析了英译摘要中由于汉英语言组织形式的差异而导致的常见错误, 阐述了英译摘要的重要意义及翻译方法与技巧。

关键词: 学术论文; 摘要; 翻译信息时代下各个领域的信息交流与合作日益增多, 在国内外参加学术活动和在学术刊物上发表的论文一般都要求有中文和英文摘要, 学士、硕士、博士的毕业论文对英文摘要也有相应要求。

因此, 从汉英语言组织形式的差异探讨英文摘要的翻译方法和技巧, 找寻其规律, 从而顺利完成汉英两种语言的转换, 无疑是一个很好的切入点。

一、摘要的内涵与分类1.摘要的内涵根据国际标准化组织(ISO) 在 ISO214- 1976(E)中的定义, 摘要是对文献内容的准确扼要而不加注释或评论的简略叙述。

是一篇不依附原文的独立短文, 具有自明性、独立性和完整性, 是文章内容的高度浓缩。

它按一定的规范格式表达原论文的全部重要内容, 担负着吸引读者和提供论文足够信息量的功能。

2.摘要的分类摘要大致分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道-指示性摘要三种类型。

报道性摘要是指明一则文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简明摘要, 相当于简介。

一般用来反映科技文章的目的、方法及主要结果与结论, 在有限的字数内向读者提供尽可能多的定性或定量的信息, 充分反映该研究的创新之处。

学术期刊(或论文集) 多选用报道性摘要。

指示性摘要是指明一则文献的论题及取得的成果的性质和水平的摘要, 其目的是使读者对该研究的主要内容(即作者做了什么工作)有一个轮廓性的了解。

创新内容较少的论文, 其摘要可写成指示性摘要, 一般适用于学术性期刊的简报、问题讨论等栏目以及技术性期刊等。

报道- 指示性摘要介于上述两者之间, 是以报道性摘要的形式表述一则文献中信息价值较高的部分, 而以指示性摘要的形式表示其余部分。

二、中文摘要英译的意义及原则科技发展离不开国际间科技交流, 国际间科技交流离不开英文科技写作, 国际索引期刊每年要收录大量学术论文的英文摘要, 这是国际学者了解非英文期刊文献科技成果的重要途径。

论文英文摘要翻译AbstractThe rapid development of technology has greatly affected various industries, including the education sector. E-learning, as a form of remote education, has gained popularity in recent years. This paper aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation.To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted to identify the relevant research on e-learning and its effects. The findings show that e-learning has positive effects on students' learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge acquisition and self-directed learning skills. E-learning provides a flexible learning environment, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere. This convenience enhances students' motivation and engagement in learning activities.However, the effectiveness of e-learning depends on various factors. The quality of the e-learning platform and instructional design plays a crucial role in engaging students and promoting effective learning. In addition, the role of teachers in facilitating e-learning is also important. Teachers' guidance and support are essential in helping students navigate the online learning platform and clarify any doubts.Moreover, the digital divide is a significant challenge in implementing e-learning. Not all students have access to reliable internet connection and necessary technological devices. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge the digital divide to ensure equalopportunities in e-learning.Furthermore, challenges such as limited social interaction and a lack of personalized feedback in e-learning need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to incorporate interactive features and provide timely feedback to promote effective learning and address students' individual needs.In conclusion, e-learning has the potential to positively impact students' learning outcomes and motivation. However, it is crucial to address challenges related to technological infrastructure, instructional design, and teacher support to maximize the benefits of e-learning. Future research should focus on exploring effective strategies for integrating e-learning into traditional educational settings to create a blended learning approach.Keywords: e-learning, learning outcomes, motivation, instructional design, teacher support。

考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

中英文报告怎么翻译
中英文报告的翻译可以通过以下几种方式进行：
1. 人工翻译，可以请专业的翻译人员或者翻译团队进行中英文
报告的翻译工作。

他们会根据报告的内容和语境进行准确的翻译，
并确保语言表达的准确性和流畅性。

2. 在线翻译工具，可以使用一些在线翻译工具，比如谷歌翻译、百度翻译等，将中文报告逐句或逐段输入到工具中，然后获取英文
翻译。

但需要注意的是，这种方式可能无法完全准确地表达原文的
含义，因为机器翻译存在一定的局限性。

3. 专业翻译软件，一些专业的翻译软件也可以帮助进行中英文
报告的翻译工作，这些软件通常结合了机器翻译和人工校对的方式，可以提高翻译的准确性和质量。

总的来说，无论采用何种方式进行中英文报告的翻译，都需要
确保翻译的准确性和流畅性，以便让英文读者能够准确理解报告的
内容。

英文摘要怎么翻译英文摘要怎么翻译论文摘要翻译要点——专有名词一、翻译专有名词的常见Bug1，之所以很多人使用百度、谷歌或者有道翻译以后常常出现各种错误，有一部分的原因就在于这些软件对于句子构造的理解过于简单，没有全文意识，这是翻译的一大禁忌，容易造成文章前后矛盾。

更别说一些软件连基本句子都会出现语法错误，整个句子只是简单的短语堆砌这样的错误。

2，对于专有名词，几乎所有的软件都是使用单词或者短语的堆砌(就目前而言尚未发现例外)，所以个人并不建议大家在搜索专有名词时使用有道或者谷歌。

3，还有一种情况是根据文章内容的特殊性产生的，由于我们的论文大多涉及BF,XF,JW等特殊性极强的领域，这些领域里面的部门名称、仪器装备、制度理念都具有特殊性，必须与官方保持一致。

二、翻译专有名词的要点1，通过以往的论文研读，看看他们在翻译到这个词的时候用的是什么。

不过切记不能偏听一家之言，必须多看几篇，尤其是核心期刊上的英文摘要，比较可靠一些。

2，通过官方的网站的搜索，看看官方对这个词是怎么定义的。

尤其是这些部门在对外交流中所使用的表达。

这些方法必须要大量阅读和搜索，如果你没有时间，就来找我们翻译吧~(对的，最后这句是广告)论文摘要翻译——语法英文摘要的时态：英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳。

1、一般现在时：用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等;涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。

2、一般过去时：用于叙述过去某一时刻的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程)。

用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理，只是当时情况;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。

3、现在完成时和过去完成时：完成时少用。

现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来，而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。

论文英文摘要范文英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work. the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.The old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans” is not sufficient for bridging the communication gap and cultural differences between China and the western countries.What is considered "mannerly" is highly susceptible to change with time, geographical location, social stratum, occasion, and other factors. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture; communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differents, histirical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in today's communication.done. run your spell check please. I didn't pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Abstract: Xiao Hong, the half a century ago to "the other side singing of Cheonggye, green leaves here," [1] spring chant verses, the writer lamented the fate of the Forum from the path that day on, on to love feelings of concern and compassion with the vision of the land north-east of the survival of large numbers of people, and her own unique spiritual and delicate brush strokes to capture the land of the north-east all kinds of people, exposing them to the original backward, ignorant, but also to tell people awakening: "living to die than to be meaningful for the Death of the more" philosophy of survival. This article from the awareness of their homes, customs, life forms on three aspects of cultural style of Xiao Hong Northeast Fiction impact, and further reveals the Xiao Hong from two poles of life and death, the tragedy of everyday life the meaning of life as well as in the mining this process the meaning of life and the pursuit of human values and interpretation.Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文 1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在无拘无束地游览；湛蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在力争上游地开放……整个世界，显得那么生气盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻快岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着很多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而欢乐的心，生命是能够每日欢乐弥漫的幸福。

科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译随着科学技术的日新月异，我国在科技领域取得了越来越多的成就，受到更多国际同行的关注。

广大科技工作者也需要向世界展示、介绍所取得的成就和成果。

介绍这些成果的科技类刊物则日益受到世界科技界人士和相关学术机构的重视，如美国的《科学引文索引)(Science Citation Index，简称SCI)、《工程索引》(Engineering Index，简称EI)和英国的《物理文摘》(Physics Abstract，简称PA)等重要的信息情报检索刊物每年都要收录大量的科技刊物的英文摘要。

为了增进国际间的学术交流，对英文摘要编写的标准、格式及质量也有了愈来愈高的要求，这也成为评价科技期刊质量的一项重要指标。

摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”，其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。

原则上说，科技论文的英文摘要应该是用英文直接编写，这样可以用英文的思维方式、行文习惯直接、准确地表达作者的思想。

但是这对许多科技人员来说尚有一定的难度。

因此，有些科技人员通常是采用其应用自如的中文，集中精力解决摘要的结构和实质性内容的概括等方面的问题，写出摘要的中文稿，然后把它译成英文。

但是目前论文作者撰写的中文摘要问题比较多，常见的有摘要形式选取不当、内容不完整、缺少研究目的或试验结论、表达不清楚、语言不顺、格式不规范等，主要原因就是作者对摘要的概念、分类及撰写要求等没有掌握。

a. 摘要的要素摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容：(1)研究目的。

准确描述该研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重要性。

(2)研究方法。

简要说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，所用的仪器及设备，如何分组对照，研究范围和精确程度，数据是如何取得的，经何种统计学方法处理。

(3)结果。

简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。

叙述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性检验的确切值。

英文摘要用英语怎么说英文摘要用英语怎么说问：英文摘要用英语怎么说答：美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。

相关阅读：【一】一、绪论文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。

美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。

通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。

而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。

因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。

论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。

国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。

而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。

摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。

语言上要求尽量简炼。

摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。

书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三;论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。

摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。

写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。

二、要的类型与基本内容英文摘要内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。

gb7713—87规定，为了国际交流，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外文(多用英文)摘要。

原则上讲，以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。

摘要分陈述性的(Descriptive)和资料性的(Informational)两类。

陈述性摘要只说明论文、书籍或文章的主题，多半不介绍内容。

资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。

它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的.目的或意图;②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌;③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。