2015 考研英语核心词汇说文解词 unit 1

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship:Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。

首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。

二、试题解析1.[A]when何时[B]why为什么[C]how如何[D]what什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。

2.[A]defended保卫，防守[B]concluded推断，下结论[C]withdrawn撤退，收回[D]advised建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。

因此，答案为concluded。

3.[A]for为了[B]with和[C]on在…之上，关于，对于[D]by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932unique subjects。

考研英语核心词汇第1天任务instrumentalist[,instru'mentəlist,instrə-]乐器演奏者；工具主义者aggravate['æɡrəveit]使恶化；使严重prominent['prɔminənt]突起的，凸出的a～foreheadprompt[prɔmpt]敏捷的，迅速的He is～on the jobpreach[pri:tʃ]讲道，布道～to a packed churchpreside[pri'zaid]主持，主管（at,over）The vice chairman of the board will～at today’s meeting intellectual[,intə'lektjuəl,-tʃuəl]n.知识分子adj.智力的，显示智力的preoccupation[pri:,ɔkju'peiʃən]n.当务之急；抢先占据theological[,θi:ə'lɔdʒikəl]adj.神学的；神学性质的civility[si'viləti]n.文明，文化virtuosity[,və:tju'ɔsəti]n.艺术鉴别力；艺术上的精湛技巧sermon['sə:mən]n.训诫，说教，布道routine[ru:'ti:n]n.常规，例行公事a.日常的,常规的paradoxical[,pærə'dɔksikəl] a.反论的，荒谬的，自相矛盾的harassment['hærəsmənt,hə'ræsmənt]n.骚扰，扰乱；烦恼，烦乱presume[pri'zju:m,-'zu:m]推测，假定，假设From the way they talked,I～d them to be married prevail[pri'veil,pri:-]流行，盛行This custom still～s among members of the older generation prey[prei]被捕食的动物，捕获物The lion seized its～and ate itprick[prik]一刺，一扎The boy burst the balloon with a～of the needleproceed[prəu'si:d]（尤指停顿或打断后）继续进行The train～ed at the same speed as before rape[reip]n.强奸；破坏，蹂躏vt.强奸；破坏，蹂躏rash[ræʃ]a.轻率的，鲁莽的[反]deliberate n.皮疹guideline['ɡaidlain]n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准gut[ɡʌt]n.[pl.]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏habitat['hæbitæt]n.（动物的）栖息地，（植物的）产地refugee[,refju'dʒi:,'refjudʒi:]n.（政治上的）避难者，难民refund[ri'fʌnd]n.v.退款；赔偿relish['reliʃ]n.喜好，乐趣；美味；胃口v.爱好，喜欢remnant['remnənt]n.残余，剩余；残余物，残存部分renaissance[ri'neisns]n.[the R-]文艺复兴（时期）；新生，复兴ritual['ritjuəl,-tʃu-]a.宗教仪式的，典礼的n.仪式，典礼；惯例salvation[sæl'veiʃən]n.（尤指基督）救世，超度；拯救，解困sanction['sæŋ,kʃən]v.同意（某事），批准，认可n.批准,国际制裁sane[sein]a.心智健全的，神志清醒的；明断的，理智的sarcastic[sɑ:'kæztik]a.讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的saturate['sætʃəreit,'sætʃərit]vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和repertoire['repətwɑ:]n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能repression[ri'preʃən]n.压抑，压制，镇压retention[ri'tenʃən]n.保留；保持；记忆（力）retort[ri'tɔ:t]n.v.报复；反击；反驳boost[bu:st]n.促进，激励；一抬；一推vt.推动，增强bowel['bauəl]n.肠；［pl.］内部，深处retrieve[ri'tri:v]vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索retrospect['retrəuspekt]v.n.回顾，回想，追溯[反]foreseerevelation[,revə'leiʃən]n.揭示，透露，显示；被揭示的真相，新发现rut[rʌt]n.车辙，常轨，惯例v.在……形成车辙redundant[ri'dʌndənt]a.被解雇的；多余的，过剩的chromosome['krəuməsəum]性染色体virtually['və:tʃuəli]事实上；差不多disdain[dis'dein]蔑视；鄙视第2天任务anemia[ə'ni:miə]反常的boycott['bɔikɔt]拒绝购买，抵制troupe[tru:p]剧团；巡回演出philharmonic[,filhɑ:'mɔnik,,filə-]交响乐团的；爱好音乐的pension['penʃən]退休金；养老金；抚恤金lobby['lɔbi]游说；疏通compelling[kəm'peliŋ]有说服力的；扣人心悬的intuitively[in'tju:itivli]直觉的；直观的virtuosity[,və:tju'ɔsəti]精湛技艺；艺术爱好者priority[prai'ɔrəti]n.优先（权）v.把……（计划或目标）列入优先地位recession[ri'seʃən]n.撤回，工商业之衰退，不景气deride[di'raid]v.嘲弄，嘲笑ancestor['ænsestə]n.祖先，先驱，起源foreseeable['fɔ:si:əbl]adj.可预知的，能预测的，能看透的boost[bu:st]v.推进paternal[pə'tə:nl]adj.父亲的,象父亲的kinship['kinʃip]n.血缘关系genealogist[,dʒi:ni'ælədʒist]n.系谱学者,系谱专家swabbing['swɔbiŋ]n.拖把,药签vt.拭抹,擦洗saliva[sə'laivə]n.口水,唾液hawk[hɔ:k]n.鹰,鹰派成员vi.放鹰,像鹰一般地袭击vt.捕捉,咳出,兜售mitochondrial[,maitəu'kɔndriəl]n.【生】线粒体rigorous['riɡərəs]a.严格的，严厉的，严酷的（气候条件）riot['raiət]n.暴（骚）乱；（色彩等）极度丰富vi.聚众闹事rip[rip]v.猛撕开；扯开；被撕开；裂开scandal['skændəl]n.丑事，丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨scramble['skræmbl]vi.（快速地）爬，攀登；互相争夺，争先siege[si:dʒ]n.包围，围攻，围困sceptical['skeptikəl]a.怀疑的skim[skim]vt.撇去（液体表面）之漂浮物vi.轻轻掠过skip[skip]vi.略过，跳过n.跳跃vt.故意忽略；略过texture['tekstʃə]n.（织物）质地；（材料）构造；结构；肌理transcend[træn'send,trɑ:n-]vt.超出，超越（理性等）的范围abolish[ə'bɔliʃ]彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old custoprime[praim]a.首要的，主要的a matter of～importancefoul[faul]a.令人不快的；恶臭的；邪恶的v.弄脏n.（体育等）犯规fridge[fridʒ]n.（refrigerator的略语）冰箱radiant['reidiənt]a.（面容、目光）洋溢着幸福的，明亮照耀的rap[ræp]vt.急敲；突然厉声说出；训斥n.急敲（声）thermal['θə:məl]a.热的，由热造成的～burnstrail[treil]痕迹，足迹a～of destruction left by the violencetramp[træmp]步行，跋涉He loves～ing over the hillsfringe[frindʒ]n.边缘；（窗帘）缘饰；额前垂发vt.饰…的边fume[fju:m]n.（usu pl.）（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气，汽blur[blə:]n.模糊不清的事物vt.使模糊，使看不清楚browse[brauz]vi.随意翻阅，浏览；（牛、羊等）吃草prior['praiə]在先的，在前的Stop making public statements without their～approval here privilege['privilidʒ]特权，优惠，特免In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a～probe[prəub]探索，探查，调查～the roots of warabsolute['æbsəlju:t,,æbsə'lju:t]纯粹的，完全的have absolute trust in sb.verge[və:dʒ]边，边缘，边沿the～of a streamverify['verifai]证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicionsvertical['və:tikəl]垂直的，立式的a～engineveto['vi:təu]否决，否决权，否决权的行使The rest of the committee could not accept the～accustom[ə'kʌstəm]使习惯于accustom oneself to rising（to rise）earlyacquaint[ə'kweint]使认识，使了解第3天任务homogenization[hɔ,mɔdʒənai'zeiʃən,-ni'z-]同化；均匀化toxic['tɔksik]a.有毒的，因中毒引起的breach[bri:tʃ]n.违反，不履行；破裂vt.冲破，攻破briefcase['bri:fkeis]n.手提箱，公事皮包ambiguous[æm'biɡjuəs]含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answerozone['əuzəun]n.臭氧；清新的空气pact[pækt]n.合同，条约，公约tournament['tuənəmənt,'tɔ:-,'tə:-]锦标赛；联赛paperback['peipəbæk]n.平装本，简装本script[skript]n.剧本（原稿）；手稿，原稿；笔迹，手迹scrutiny['skru:tini]n.周密的调查；仔细看；监视；选票复查sculpture['skʌlptʃə]n.雕刻（术），雕塑（术）；雕刻作品tame[teim]驯化的，驯服的，温顺的～animailstan[tæn]棕黄色，黄褐色buy some shoes in tanabrupt[ə'brʌpt]突然的，意外的an abrupt departureacute[ə'kju:t]尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkerversatile['və:sətail]多才多艺的a～manversus['və:səs]诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手The match tonight is China～Japanblunt[blʌnt]钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush[blʌʃ]（因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with（或for）joydemonstrate['demənstreit]论证，证明：demonstrate a philosophical principlethrill[θril]使非常兴奋，使非常激动It’s a sight that never fails to～methrive[θraiv]兴旺发达，繁荣His business is thrivingmania['meiniə]狂躁；狂热tempt[tempt]引诱，诱惑Nothing could～me to do such a thingstrain[strein]拉紧，绷紧If you～the elastic any more,it will breakstrap[stræp]带，皮带silks～sstretch[[stretʃ]]伸直，伸长He yawned and～ed himselfstride[straid]阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platformstring[striŋ]细绳，线，带She took the parcel and started to undo the stringstrip[strip]剥去，除去The wind stripped the tree of all its leavestoast['təust]烤面包，吐司two slices of～】noteworthy['nəut,wə:ði]值得注意的；显著的quirk[kwə:k]巧合；怪癖第4天任务fallout['fɔ:l'aut]放射性尘埃;后果；余波neurology[,njuə'rɔlədʒi]神经病学的；神经的token['təukən]表示，标志，象征He did that as a～of good faithtorture['tɔ:tʃə]拷打，拷问～a confession from a prisoneraccommodate[ə'kɔmədeit]使适应，使符合一accommodate oneself to changed circumstances unfold[,ʌn'fəuld]展开，打开～a newspaperupdate[ʌp'deit,'ʌpdeit]更新，使现代化～a textbookuphold[ʌp'həuld]举起，高举He upheld his clenched handadhere[əd'hiə]黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent[ə'dʒeisənt]临近的，毗邻的（to）a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin[ə'dʒɔin]贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.thrust[θrʌst]推，刺，戳，插，挤He was～into powertilt[tilt]使倾斜，使倾倒Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throattoss[tɔs,tɔ:s]扔，抛，掷The children tossed the ball to each othertough[tʌf]坚韧的，牢固的Some plastic are as～as metaltow[təu]拖，拉，牵引tow a damaged ship into portabsurd[əb'sə:d]荒谬的，荒唐的The idea that number14brings bad luck is absurd. uproar['ʌprɔ:]骚乱，骚动The public～over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mount utter['ʌtə]发出（声音等），说，吐露～the truthlavatory['lævətəri,-,tɔ:ri]盥洗室；洗手间cognitive['kɔɡnitiv]认知的；后天习得的slope[sləup]倾斜，有坡度The ground～s down sharply at this pointsly[slai]狡猾的，偷偷的a～answersmash[smæʃ]打碎，打破，摧毁The ball～ed the windowsnatch[snætʃ]夺得，一把抓住The thief～ed her handbag and ran offimmune[i'mju:n]免除的，豁免的：Nobody is immune from criticismimpact['impækt,im'pækt]冲击，撞击：the impact of light on the eyeimpair[im'pεə]削弱，减少：The output of produce was impaired by the bad weather impartial[im'pɑ:ʃəl]公正的，无偏见的：A judge should be impartialimplement['implimənt,'impliment]工具，器具，用具：new types of farm implements stitch[stitʃ]一针，针脚Make your～es closer togethercompliance[kəm'plaiəns]服从；顺从；可塑性superfluous[sju'pə:fluəs]过多的，剩余的，多余的a～remarksupervise['sju:pəvaiz]监督，管理，指导～sb’s every movevanish['væniʃ]突然消失，逐渐消散With a wave of his hand,the magician made the rabbit veil[veil]面纱，面罩Jewish women wore～s in token of reverence and submission ventilate['ventileit]使通风，使空气流通～a roomventure['ventʃə]冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a～in oiluncover[,ʌn'kʌvə]揭开，揭露～a dish of foodunderestimate[,ʌndə'estimeit]低估～the difficulties of the taskreassure[,ri:ə'ʃuə]v.使安心，使放心；使消除疑虑highlight['hailait]n.精彩场面，最显著（重要）部分vt.加亮,使显著falter['fɔ:ltə]颤抖；蹒跚；衰弱forfeit['fɔ:fit]被罚；罚金；没收provocation挑衅；激怒connotation[,kɔnəu'teiʃən]含义；言外之意第5天任务susceptible[sə'septəbl]易受影响的；易感染的；易动感情的vulnerable['vʌlnərəbl]易受伤的；脆弱的recede[ri'si:d]v.退去；缩进；收回，撤回[反]approachrecipient[ri'sipiənt]n.a person who receives sth收到者reckless['reklis]a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的rectangle['rek,tæŋɡl]n.[数]矩形,长方形recur[ri'kə:]v.（尤指不好的事）一再发生；重现portray[pɔ:'trei,pəu-]v.描写，描述；画（人物、景象等）prone[prəun]a.（to）易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的prophet['prɔfit]n.预言家；先知；提倡者undergo[,ʌndə'ɡəu]经历，遭受，忍受～much sufferingunderlie[,ʌndə'lai]位于……之下Many facts～my decisionundermine[,ʌndə'main]在……下挖～a wallaccord[ə'kɔ:d]使符合，相一致（with）His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words. account[ə'kaunt]记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happenedaddress[ə'dres]演说a television addressultimate['ʌltimət]最后的，最终的The war ended for us in～victoryunanimous[ju:'næniməs]全体一致的，一致同意的They are～in asking for a rise in pay undertake[,ʌndə'teik]着手做，从事～an attackundesirable[,ʌndi'zaiərəbl]不合意的，不受欢迎的The drug has～side effectsuneasy[,ʌn'i:zi]心神不宁的，不安宁的be～uneasy about the futurevirtue['və:tju:]美德，德行Among her many～s are loyalty,courage,and truthfulness substitute['sʌbstitju:t,-tu:t]代替者，代替物He is the doctor’s～during holidays times subtle['sʌtl]微妙的，巧妙的His whole attitude has undergone a～changesubtract[səb'trækt]减，减去Subtract4from10you get6succession[sək'seʃən]连续，一系列a～of debatessuck[sʌk]吸，A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her handvital['vaitəl]有生命力的The heart is a～organvoid[vɔid]空的a～spacewedge[wedʒ]楔子，三角木Please put a～in the door so that it will stay opendiffuse[di'fju:s]四散开；漫射xerox['ziərɔks]静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机Make me a～of this report. yield[ji:ld]生产，产生，带来This orchard～s apples and pears.zeal[zi:l]热心，热忱，热情a man of～zigzag['ziɡzæɡ]之字形的，弯曲的a～roadwarrant['wɔrənt,'wɔ:-]授权，批准，正当理由，根据He had no～for his action waterproof['wɔ:təpru:f,'wɔ-]不透水的，防水的～materialwhisper['hwispə]低语，耳语，轻声说～to sbvicious['viʃəs]邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的lead a～lifevolunteer[,vɔlən'tiə]志愿者，自愿参加者Are there any～s for a swim?audit['ɔ:dit]v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听第6天任务archive['ɑ:kaiv]存档；归档vibrate[vai'breit]使震动，使摆动His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house～weld[weld]焊接，煅接It takes speed to～steel at this heatwhirl[hwə:l]旋转，急转The couples～ed round the dance flooraudio['ɔ:diəu]n./a.音频（响）（的）；声音（的），听觉（的）auditorium[,ɔ:di'tɔ:riəm]n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂stab[stæb]刺，戳，猛的一击，突发的一阵a～of anxietystacked[stækt]整齐的一叠a～of billsstain[stein]玷污，污染His shirt was～ed with bloodstale[steil]食品等不新鲜的，走味的These old peanuts taste～stall[stɔ:l]牛舍startle['stɑ:tl]惊吓，使吃惊The horse～s easilyaffiliation[ə,fili'eiʃən]从属群体，从属单位addict[ə'dikt,'ædikt]v.使沉溺；使上瘾n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人advent['ædvənt]n.（重要事件等的）到来，来临affluent['æfluənt]a.富裕的，富足的stock[stɔk]原料，备料，库存，现货Rags are used as a～for making paperstoop[stu:p]俯身，弯腰She～ed to pick up her fanstatistics[stə'tistiks]统计，统计资料The recent～on marriage are interestingsteer[stiə]掌舵，驾驶～a car through the entranceauthentic[ɔ:'θentik]a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的awe[ɔ:]n.敬畏，惊惧vt.使敬畏，使惊惧bait[beit]n.饵，引诱物vt.用饵引诱；招惹，捉弄balcony['bælkəni]n.阳台；（电影院等的）楼厅，楼座ballet['bælei,bæ'lei]n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团bizarre[bi'zɑ:]adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的stubborn['stʌbən]顽固的，倔强的The～boy refused to listen to his parents’advice stuff[stʌf]原料，材料，物品，东西He has got all the～ready for building his new house submerge[səb'mə:dʒ]浸没，淹没，湮没The stream overflowed and～d the farmland submit[səb'mit]屈服，服从，投降～to foreign pressureanguish['æŋɡwiʃ]n.（尤指心灵上的）极度痛苦，烦恼antique[æn'ti:k]a.古式的，过时的n.有价值的古物，古董appall[ə'pɔ:l]v.使胆寒,使惊骇（a.appalling）wrap[ræp]包，裹～oneself in a blanketwreck[rek]失事，遇难a train～wrench[rentʃ]扳手He is a～.ballot['bælət]n.（不记名）投票；投票总数；投票权vi.投票barbecue['bɑ:bikju:]n.烤肉用的台架；烤肉野餐vt.在台架上烤肉barren['bærən]a.贫瘠的；不育的；（植物）不结果的；无用的belly['beli]n.肚子，腹部；（像肚子一样）鼓起的部分，膛benign[bi'nain]a.（病）良性的,（气候）良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的第7天任务bipedal['bai,pedəl,bai'pe-]两足动物的；直立姿势的secular['sekjulə]现世的；非宗教的beverage['bevəridʒ]n.（水，酒等之外的）饮料bin[bin]n.（贮藏食物等用的）箱子wrinkle['riŋkl]皱，皱纹He will wore the～s of anxiety on his forehead.album['ælbəm]n.唱片;集邮册,相册subordinate[sə'bɔ:dinət,-neit,sə'bɔ:dineit]下级的In the army,captains are～to majors stationary['steiʃənəri]固定的，静止的，非流动的～troopsamiable['eimjəbl] a.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的amid[ə'mid]prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕auction['ɔ:kʃən]n.／vt.拍卖blueprint['blu:print]n.蓝图，设计图，计划vt.制成蓝图，计划ego['i:ɡəu,'eɡəu]n.自我，自负，利已主义；（心理学）自我意识eligible['elidʒəbl]a.有条件被选中的；（尤指婚姻等）合适（意）的endow[in'dau]vt.资助，捐赠；（with）给予，赋予escalate['eskəleit]v.（使）逐步增长（或发展），（使）逐步升级escort['eskɔ:t,i'skɔ:t]vt.护送（卫）；陪同n.警卫，护送者；仪仗兵evade[i'veid]vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避arrogant['ærəɡənt]a.傲慢的，自大的arrogant['ærəɡənt]n.动脉；干线，要道aspire[ə'spaiə]vi.（to，after）渴望，追求，有志于assassinate[ə'sæsineit]vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤waken['weikən]醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedvirtual['və:tʃuəl]实际上的，事实上的the～manager of the businessweary['wiəri]疲倦的，疲劳的a～lookvigor['viɡə]体力，精力，活力in the～of manhoodviolate['vaiəleit]违反，违背～the traffic regulationszone[zəun]地带，分布带a danger～abdomen[æb'dəumen,'æbdəmen]n.腹，下腹（胸部到腿部的部分）abound[ə'baund]vi.大量存在；（in，with）充满，富于acclaim[ə'kleim]v.向…欢呼，公认n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞supplement['sʌplimənt,'sʌpləment]增补，补充a～to wagesalleviate[ə'li:vieit]减轻；缓解；缓和infancy['infənsi]婴儿期；早期；初始阶段第8天任务spur[spə:]前进的，有动力的extract[ik'strækt,'ekstrækt]拔出；摘录出insightful['in,saitful]富有洞察力的；有深刻见解的provocative[prəu'vɔkətiv]煽动性的；刺激的suppress[sə'pres]压制，镇压～human rightssupreme[sju'pri:m,sə-]最高的，至上的a～rulersurpass[sə'pɑ:s,-'pæs]超过，优于，强于，胜过～advanced worldsurplus['sə:plʌs,-pləs]过剩，剩余a teacher～vain[vein]徒劳的，无效的～effortsvalid['vælid]有根据的a～excuseblackmail['blækmeil]n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓blouse[blauz]n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔的罩衫foster['fɔstə]vt.照管；培养；促进bruise[bru:z]n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕vt.打青；挫伤bully['buli]n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓vt.威胁，欺侮bureaucracy[bjuə'rɔkrəsi]n.官僚主义，官僚机构；（非民选的）委任官员burglar['bə:ɡlə]n.（入室行窃的）盗贼cape[keip]n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风carbohydrate[,kɑ:bəu'haidreit]n.碳水化合物;糖类；（plural）淀粉质或糖类clergy['klə:dʒi]n.[总称]牧师，神职人员coalition[,kəuə'liʃən]n.结合体，同盟；结合，联合costume['kɔstju:m,kɔ'stju:m]n.戏装；泳装；服装cosy['kəuzi]/cozy a.暖和舒服的；舒适的[反]uncomfortablecredentials[kri'denʃəlz]n.（个人能力及信用的）证明书，证件ebb[eb]vi.衰退，减退n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态eccentric[ik'sentrik]a.古怪的，怪癖的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人futile['fju:tail]a.无效的，无用的，无希望的gender['dʒendə]n.（生理上的）性；（名词、代词等的）性glamour['ɡlæmə]n.魔力，魅力vt.迷住strenuous['strenjuəs]a.费力的，艰辛的；奋发的，努力的strife[straif]n.争吵；冲突，斗争；竞争gorgeous['ɡɔ:dʒəs]a.华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的；宜人的；棒的graphic['ɡræfik]a.生动的，形象的；绘画的，文字的，图表的第9天任务layoff['leiɔf]n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇lottery['lɔtəri]n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事majesty['mædʒisti]n.stately,grand appearance;splendor雄伟，壮丽，庄严majestic a. maneuver/manoeuvre[mə'nu:və]vi.熟练地进入medieval[,medi'i:vəl,,mi:-]a.中世纪的excerpt[ek'sə:pt,'eksə:pt]n.摘录，节录vt.摘，引用feat[fi:t]n.功绩，伟业，技艺federation['fedəreiʃən]n.联合会；结盟，联合fore[fɔ:]ad.在前面a.先前的；在前部的n.前部solitary['sɔlitəri]a.（好）孤独的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的solo['səuləu]n.独奏a.ad.单独的（地）；独唱的（地）spiral['spaiərəl]a.螺旋形的n.螺旋，螺线v.螺旋上升；盘旋stagger['stæɡə]vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚stalk[stɔ:k]n.茎，梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走statute['stætju:t,-tʃu:t]n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例steak[steik]n.牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片stereotype['steriəutaip,'stiə-]n.陈规，老套，模式化vt.使定型，使模式化formidable['fɔ:midəbl]a.difficult to defeat or deal with难对付的；可怕的meditate['mediteit]v.认真思考，沉思；计划，考虑momentum[məu'mentəm]n.动量；动力；势头monarch['mɔnək,-ɑ:k]n.帝王，君主，最高统治者motivate['məutiveit]vt.促动；激励，鼓励，作为…的动机optimum['ɔptiməm]a.最适宜的n.（生长繁殖的）最佳条件option['ɔpʃən]n.选择（权）；可选择的事物（或人），选课overturn[,əuvə'tə:n,'əuvətə:n]n.推翻stun[stʌn]vt.使…失去知觉；使目瞪口呆，使吃惊subsidy['sʌbsidi]n.补助金；津贴费suffice[sə'fais]v.足够，（食物）满足suite[swi:t]n.套间；一套家具；套，组，系列summit['sʌmit]n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议superstition[,sju:pə'stiʃən]n.迷信，迷信的观念习俗oxid['ɔksid]e n.氧化物grim[ɡrim]a.严酷的，令人害怕的；不愉快的，讨厌的第10天任务grin[ɡrin]n.vi.露齿笑，咧嘴笑grope[ɡrəup]vi.暗中摸，摸索；探索，搜寻vt.摸索heave[hi:v]v.（用力）举，提，拉；扔；拖；呕吐n.举起herb[hə:b,ə:b]n.药草，（调味用的）香草，草本植物hierarchy['haiə,rɑ:ki]n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层pilgrim['pilɡrim]n.最初的移民（P大写，指1620由欧洲移居美国的清教徒）plea[pli:]n.（法律）抗辩；请求，恳求，托词，口实skull[skʌl]n.头盖骨，颅骨slaughter['slɔ:tə]n.屠杀，屠宰vt.屠杀，宰杀slot[slɔt]n.狭缝；空位vt.放入狭缝中；把…纳入sneak[sni:k]vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做（或拿、吃）sneeze[sni:z]vi.打喷嚏，发喷嚏声n.喷嚏agitatedly['ædʒi,teitidli]搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm[ə'lɑ:m]惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert[ə'lə:t]警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.alien['eiljən]外国的adjust to an alien cultureallege[ə'ledʒ]断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate['æləukeit]分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projectssniff[snif]vi.嗅…味道；抽鼻涕；对嗤之以鼻，蔑视soar[sɔ:]vi.（指鸟等）高飞，翱翔；飞涨；高耸sociable['səuʃəbl]a.好交际的，友好的，合群的solidarity[,sɔli'dæriti]n.团结；休戚相关surge[sə:dʒ]vi.（如浪潮般）汹涌；奔腾n.（感情等的）洋溢susceptible[sə'septəbl]a.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的tangle['tæŋɡl]n.纠缠；缠结；混乱v.（使）缠绕；变乱temperamentally[,temprə'mentli]n.气质，性格，性情；资质tropic['trɔpik]n.回归线；[the T-s]热带地区tumor/tumour['tju:mə]n.（肿）瘤，肿块amateur['æmətə,,æmə'tə:]（艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golferamend[ə'mend]修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperadministrate[əd'ministreit]掌管，料理...的事务第11天任务crush[krʌʃ]压碎；彻底毁掉adolescent[,ædəu'lesnt]（尤指16岁以下的）青少年a film aimed at adolescents seemingly['si:miŋli]ad.in appearance;apparently表面上的，看起来的segregate['seɡriɡit,-ɡeit]vt.separate or keep apart from others分离，隔离serial['siəriəl,'si:r-]n.连本影片，连本电视节目a.连续的shabby['ʃæbi]a.简陋的，破旧的；卑鄙的，不正当的aggravate['æɡrəveit]加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economyaggressive[ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponallied['ælaid]结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallowance[ə'lauəns]津贴，补贴，零用钱a housing allowancealternate[ɔ:l'tə:nət,'ɔ:ltə-,'ɔ:ltəneit]交替，轮流Night and day alternate.array[ə'rei]排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate[ɑ:'tikjulət,ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.shatter['ʃætə]n.碎片；粉碎v.粉碎；使疲惫；使震骇shove[ʃʌv]vt.乱推；乱塞vi.用力推，挤n.猛推adverse['ædvə:s,æd'və:s]不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate['ædvəkeit,'ædvəkət]拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic[i:s'θetik]美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffiliate[ə'filieit,ə'filiit,-eit]使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员a government affiliated company affirm[ə'fə:m]断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementartificial[,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend[ə'send]登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain[,æsə'tein]查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead.ashore[ə'ʃɔ:]向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.assault[ə'sɔ:lt]攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble[ə'sembl]集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting. assert[ə'sə:t]肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence.assign[ə'sain]分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned（us）a new lesson. assimilate[ə'simileit]吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate[ə'səuʃieit,ə'səuʃiət,-eit]（使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.beforehand[bi'fɔ:hænd]预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.bewilder[bi'wildə]使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.第12天任务boom[bu:m]低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom.bore[bɔ:]钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbounce[bauns]弹起，反弹The ball doesn’t bounce well.sovereign['sɔvərin,'sʌv-] a.独立的，有主权的n.君主，国王，统治者spacious['speiʃəs]adj.广阔的，宽敞的spectrum['spektrəm]n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列spicy['spaisi]a.加很多香料的；（口味）浓郁的spine[spain]n.脊柱，脊椎；（动植物的）刺；书脊bound[baund]跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly. boycott['bɔikɔt]（联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace[breis]托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed[bri:d]（使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe[braib]贿赂accept（或take）a bribe from sb.anchor['æŋkə]锚The anchor catches（drags）.anonymous[ə'nɔniməs]匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter（phone call）anticipate[æn'tisipeit]预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand（that demand would fall）.brisk[brisk]轻快的，生气勃勃的a brisk pacebrittle['britl]易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassaccumulate[ə'kju:mjuleit]积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate['ækjurət]准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse[ə'kju:z]指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books.activate['æktiveit]使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.bump[bʌmp]碰，撞（against,into）The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst[bə:st]爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.cease[si:s]停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.certify['sə:tifai]证明，证实The accounts were certified（as）correct.appraise[ə'preiz]估量，估计appraise the infant's weightapprehend[,æpri'hend]对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty? appropriate[ə'prəuprieit,ə'prəupriət]恰当的，相称的Plain,simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approximate[ə'prɔksimit]大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is10o'clock.第13天任务displace[dis'pleis]移动…的位置：Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwatersdispose[dis'pəuz]布置，整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive display disregard[disri'ɡɑ:d]不理会，不顾：Disregard the noise and keep workingdistinct[dis'tiŋkt]有区别的，不同的：Three distinct types of peopledistort[dis'tɔ:t]扭歪，扭曲：a face distorted by（或with）paindistract[dis'trækt]使转向：be distracted from one’s original purposeapt[æpt]（习性）易于......的，有......倾向的A careless person is apt to make mistakes. arbitrary['ɑ:bitrəri]随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choicecherish['tʃeriʃ]珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew[tʃu:]嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke[tʃəuk]窒息，噎住be choked by smokebias['baiəs]偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.（或sth.）blast['baiəu,blæst]一阵（风），一股（气流）a blast of windblaze[bleiz]火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.aggravate['æɡrəveit]加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economyaggressive[ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponallied['ælaid]结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallowance[ə'lauəns]津贴，补贴，零用钱a housing allowancealter['ɔ:ltə]改变，更改alter an attitudealternate[ɔ:l'tə:nət,'ɔ:ltə-,'ɔ:ltəneit]交替，轮流Night and day alternate.array[ə'rei]排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate[ɑ:'tikjulət,ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.boast[bəust]自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt[bəult]螺栓，（门，窗的）插销a small bag of nuts and boltscorrupt[kə'rʌpt]堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecourtesy['kə:tisi]谦恭有礼。

saturate vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和
repertoire n.全部剧目，保留剧目，全部技能
repression n.压抑，压制，镇压
retention n.保留；保持；记忆（力）
retort n.v.报复；反击；反驳
boost n.促进，激励；一抬；一推 vt.推动，增强
bowel n.肠；[pl.]内部，深处
retrieve vt.重新得到，取回；挽回，补救；检索
retrospect v.n.回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee
revelation n.揭示，透露，显示；被揭示的真相，新发现
gut n.[pl.]胆量；内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏
habitat n.（动物的）栖息地，（植物的）产地
harassment n.骚扰，扰乱；烦恼，烦乱
recycle vt./vi.重复利用（用过的物资），循环使用
redundant a.被解雇的；多余的，过剩的
2015年考研英语复习备考在即，为了方便广大学员更好的掌握英语词汇部分的复习，海天小编为大家精心整理了以下复习资料，希望对大家的复习有所帮助。
rape n.强奸；破坏，蹂躏 vt.强奸；破坏，蹂躏
rash a.轻率的，鲁莽的 [反]deliberate n.皮疹
guideline n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准
refugee n.（政治上的）避难者，难民
refund n.v. 退款；赔偿
relish n.喜好，乐趣；美味；胃口 v.爱残余物，残存部分
renaissance n.[the R-]文艺复兴（时期）；新生，复兴
ritual a.宗教仪式的，典礼的 n.仪式，典礼；惯例

2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。

当听到 apple 的发音，你能够听
掌握其发音
/'æ pəl/
懂，并在脑海中形成 apple 的形 像。
掌握其词性
noun
一个单词可能有多种词性及 多种意思。美英桥的处理方 法是将其分开处理。
能够组成一个句子
Ben was always the apple of his father's eye(loved very much ).
词性
英文解释
based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events,= theoretical studying or dealing with a school subject at a difficult level having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc If something is advisable, it will avoid problems or risks if you do it. something that is ambiguous is unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose difficult to use, do, or deal with causing inconvenience, anxiety or embarrassment or nervous brave; not fearing danger not shy, especially in a way that shows a lack of respect strong in colour or shape, and very noticeable to the eye quick and full of energy and active hard but easily broken,easily damaged or destroyed very important or basic happening by chance without being planned relaxed and not worried, or seeming not to care about something moving in an awkward way and tending to make things fall over a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone

2015考研英语试题T ext1英汉对照GuangXi Normal University Translated by LiLunMonday, April 20th, 2015Para.1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted "kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?西班牙胡安〃卡洛斯国王曾固执认为“国王不会让位，除非他们死于睡梦。

”但是令人尴尬的丑闻及共和党左翼在最近的欧盟选举中大受欢迎使得胡安〃卡洛斯收回自己的话并且退位。

所以，西班牙王室危机是否表明君主制末日来临？是否意味着对所有穿着华服、过着奢华生活的欧洲皇室的不祥之兆？Para.2The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.西班牙的情况引起了支持和反对君主制的争论。

研大考研：2015考研英语单词拆分记忆2015考研在即，单词记忆是考研英语的复习基础，希望2015考研同学们可以认真复习。

1. it来自于拉丁文itare=to go, wayambition n. 抱负，雄心，野心记：ambi(around四周)+it(走)+ion(抽象名词的后缀)→古时候四处游走来拉选票的政客→(褒)雄心，(贬)野心exit n.1.出口，通道，安全门 2.退出，退场vt.&vi.离开，退出记：ex(向外)+it(走)→走出去的通道，出口initiate vt.1.开始，创始，发起 2.使初步了解 3.接纳(新成员)，让…加入n.新加入组织的人记：in(里面)+it(走)+iate(动词)→刚刚走到里面去→vt.开始，创始，发起;新成员派：initial a.开始的，最初的initiation n.1.(常指通过特别仪式的)入会，介绍(某人)处试某项活动(或技艺)2. 开始，创始，发起initiative n.1.主动性，首创精神 2.主动的行动，倡议 3.主动权orbit n.轨道vt.&vi.(绕…)作轨道运行记：orb(around环绕)+ it(走，道路)→环绕着走→(绕…)作轨道运行2. grad, gress= to walk (行走)aggressive a.1.侵略的，挑衅的(贬) 2.有进取心的(褒)记：ag(to表示方向)+gress(走)+ive(形容词的后缀)→不断地朝你走过来/朝一个方向走下去→.1.挑衅的(贬);2.有进取心的(褒)congress n.1.代表大会 2.国会，议会 2.聚会记：con(together一起)+gress(走)→很多人走到一起是为了开会→代表大会;议会grade n.1.等级，级别，年级 2.成绩，分数vt.1.将分等 2.对进行评分记：grad(走)+e(加强)→一步一步的走，一层一层的走→1.等级，级别，年级;2.分数的层级→成绩，分数upgrade vt.提升，使升级记：up(向上)+grade(走)→向上走→提升，使升级degrade vt.1.降低的身份，有辱的人格 2.使降解，分解，使退化记：de(down向下)+grade(走)→走下坡路→(人)降低身份;(物)降解，分解graduate n.1.(尤指大学)毕业生 2.研究生vt.&vi.(使)毕业记：gradu(走) +ate→走完了学习的生涯→v.(使)毕业undergraduate n.大学本科生记：under(在…下面)+graduate (毕业生)→还没有大学毕业的人→ 大学本科生progress n.& v.前进，进步，进展记：pro(向前)+gress(走)→向前走→前进，进步，进展派：progressive a.1.进步的，先进的 2.前进的，渐进的，累进的 3.进行式的ingredient n.1.(混合物的)组成部分，成分，(烹饪的)原料 2.(构成)要素记：in(into)+gred(走)+i+ent(名词)→走到里面去，成为里面的一份子→组成部分;构成要素3.vi,voy,vey来自拉丁文via=way; to govia prep. 经由，经过，通过记：via(way;to go)→走过→经由，经过，通过deviate vi.(from)背离，偏离记：de(away)+vi(to go)+ate(动词)→走到一边去了→背离，偏离voyage n.& vi.航海，航行，旅行记：voy(to go)+age(名词，动词)→最早的交通运输是水陆运输→航海，航行convey vt. 1. 表达，传达，传递 2.运送，输送记：con(一起)+vey(to go)→ 把你的想法一起说出来→1. 表达，传达，传递→ 让东西走→2. 运送，输送vehicle n. 1.交通工具，车辆 2.传播媒介，工具，手段记：vehi(道路，走)+cle(小的)→ 在路上走动的小的物体→1. 交通工具，车辆previous a. 1.先,前,以前的 2.(to)在…之前记：pre(之前)+vi(走)+ous(形容词)→走在前面的→ a. 1. 先前的 2. (to)在…之前trivial a. 1. 琐碎的，无价值的 2. 平常的，平凡的 3. 不重要的记：tri(三个，多个)+vi(走)+al(形容词后缀)→好多个东西→ 琐碎的，不重要的;平凡的最后，研大考研祝2015考研同学们复习顺利，金榜题名!。

2015英语二Text 1home than at work. Researchers measured4people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to5 be a place of refuge6.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom7, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say t hey feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for8 both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work9 or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back10. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring11 of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind12 the workplace in making adjustments13for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender14thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income15. The bargain16is very pure. Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining17 moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity18. Rare19 is the household in which the division20 of labor21 is so clinically and methodically laid out22. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards23for most of them. Your home colleagues24--your family--have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with25 complete removal26 of all electronic devices27. Plus28, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at hom e. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite29, the co-workers are much harder to motivate30.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys31 found that home ________.[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers [B] Childless husbands[C] Childless wives [D] Working fathers23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that ________.[A] they are both bread winners33 and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means ________.[A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition3425. The home front differs from the workplace in that ________.[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment35[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut36[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded【干货笔记】1. contrary to 与…相反（见【连词】表）2. survey v. 调查3.【压力】①stressed 有压力的②strain n. 焦虑，紧张；负担，紧张；张力，压力；损伤，扭伤v. 拉伤，扭伤；绷紧，用力拉；竭力，使劲；过滤；使不堪忍受，使紧张③pressure n. 压力4. measure v. 测量n. 措施measurement n. 量度；份量，尺寸；测量法5.【suppose】① suppose v. 假设；假定② supposedly adv. 据称；据认为（≈so-called adj. 所谓的）（讽刺，表明作者对此处的否定态度）③ be supposed to … 应该…（=should）④assume v. 假设，假定assumption n. 假设，假定⑤hypotheses n. 假说( hypothesis的名词复数)；假设；（凭空的）猜想；猜测6. refuge n. 避难；避难所；庇护者7. contradicting conventional wisdom 与传统观点相悖8. hold true for 适用于…; 对…有效9. household work 家务劳动10. kick back 反击11. blurring v. 涂污, 弄脏; （使）变模糊12. lag well behind 远远落后13.【adjust】adjust v. 调整, 校正adjust to 适应…adjust to this changing climate 适应气候的变化adjustment n.调整；调节14. gender n. 性别15. draw an income 取得收入16. bargain v.讨价还价；议价17. life-sustaining 维持生活的18. clarity n.清楚；透明；清晰度19. rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的20. division n. 分开；分歧；分裂21. labor n. 劳动Labor Party 劳动党22. clinically and methodically laid out 从医学角度和方法上来说23. inadequate rewards 回报不足24. colleague n. 同事25. threatened with 受到威胁26. removal n. 移走; 除去; 免职; 搬迁27.【elec- 电-】electricity n. 电electronic adj. 电子的（electronic devices 电子设备）electronical adj. 电子的electronically adv. 电子地28. Plus, … 而且，…29. infinite adj. 极大的; 无法衡量的; 无限的30. motivate v. 刺激；使有动机motivated adj. 积极的motivating adj. 激动人心的motivation n. 动机；积极性；推动demotivate v. 使失去动力；使变得消极motive n. 动机；主题；灵感adj. 发动的；原动的；驱使行动的；引起行动的；动机的31. previous survey s 以前的调查32. refer to 提到33. bread winners 养家糊口的人34. nutrition n. 营养学35. cozier working environment 舒适的工作环境cozy adj. 舒适的comfortable adj. 舒适的36. clear-cut adj. 清晰的；明确的；轮廓分明的。

2015年研究生考试英语（一）翻译深度解析答案2015年研究生考试如期举行，文都教育第一时间收集整理了今年考研英语（一）中的翻译真题及译文，并做了重要解析，以供参考：【翻译题目】46) This movement，driven by powerful and diverse motivations, builta nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.48）But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North American.50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.【题目解析】46)本句重点词语：driven by 在…的驱动下，by its nature 从本质上，它的性质，shape做动词当“塑造”讲。

2015 Text 1Paragraph 11、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ‚kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.‛ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯曾说‚国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中‛。

但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安•卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。

1.1 abdicate英/'æbdɪkeɪt/ 美/'æbdɪket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃1.2 scandal英/'skænd(ə)l/ 美/'skændl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？2.1 monarchy英 /'mɒnəkɪ/ 美/'mɑnɚki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆2.3 royal英/'rɒɪəl/ 美/'rɔɪəl/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的2.4 magnificent英/mæg'nɪfɪs(ə)nt/ 美/mæg'nɪfəsnt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的2.5 majestic英 /mə'dʒestɪk/ 美/mə'dʒɛstɪk/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的Paragraph 21、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。

Unit 1眼耳口鼻（一）1.a udi=to hear（听）★说文解词：Audi就是“奥迪”，我们都听说过的汽车品牌。

而词根audi的含义就是to hear（听）。

audience（音乐会等的听众、观众）Vs spectator（体育赛事等的观众）audience spectatorgymnasium Beijing National StadiumBeijing National Aquatics Center2. cant，cent=to sing（唱歌）★说文解词：Array cant----chantcamp----championcant----cent（词根中元音字母a-e-i-o-u向下替换，以增强构词力）accent①n. 口音, 腔调：London accent：ask，gardener②n./ v. 重音；重读重点；突出重点，强调：to accent the practical utility of the computers【近stress，emphasis；highlight，emphasize】incentivedis incentive】A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives forpromising start.（2005 Text 2）3. rod, ros = to bite （咬）★说文解词：词根rod ，ros 的准确含义是“啃，咬”，是bite 的持续、反复的动作；所以由它衍生出的单词corrode ，erosion 都含有“逐渐侵蚀、损害”的含义。

corrodev. to eat away or be eaten away, esp. by chemical action 腐蚀，侵蚀（喻） v. 渐渐损害，损伤：corrode public confidenceerosionn. the process by which the surface of sth is gradually destroyed by wind, rain etc.侵蚀，风化（喻）n. 逐渐毁坏，削弱★说文解词：spec----spi(c)scop★熟词助记：re spect：（re-=back，again）反复看，一遍遍地看→ v./n.尊敬，重视micro scope：（micro微小）使人看到微小的东西→ n.显微镜respect① n./vt. 尊重，重视【反disrespect】②n. = aspect（事物的）方面，细节irrespectiveaspect→)样子，外观；(看的→)方面，层面The sobering aspect of Allen ’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except 2011翻译）expect① vt. （自己对……的→）预期；盼望→）要求，指望 【近demand 】1. ...consumption of food and drink in places other than homes ...is expected to approach 38 percent by ）2. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today ’s economic climate.（2013 Part B ）inspectvt. 检查；视察inspection n.perspective①n. 景观，远景②n. 透视法→n. 思考方法；观点态度in ~］1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an（2007 Text 3）2. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. (2002知识运用)①n. 风景，景色②n. 前景，可能性→）成功的机会；有望获胜者：a good prospect for a gold medal1. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.2. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.（2011翻译）；】①n. ［用复数］眼镜spectacles contact lenses ② n.壮观的场面、景象（反向延伸）奇特的现象，出人意外的情况Potala Palacehypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply.）speculate① v. 推测，猜测［~about/on sth ］→）投机，做投机买卖［~in/on sth ］But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading 知识运用speculation n.suspect① v. think 觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）② v. mistrust 不信任(某事物)；怀疑（某人有罪）：suspect him of theftspeculaten. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象’s emotional thermostat...（2005 Text 3）suspect your motives.(外刊)suspicion n.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been（2006翻译）Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.（1988翻译）】范围，领域 → （做事的）空间，余地，机会’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.（2010 Text 4）2. With the situation still fluid, there is plenty of scope for lobbying against rules that could hurt profits.（外刊）telescopen. 望远镜（像收缩镜筒→）v. to become shorter, or make sth shorter, by（使）叠缩 → 缩短，精简 Such history and pre-history tend to be telescoped into a very oral tradition and handed down from generation to generation.★词源串讲：species：appearance, sight, a seeing（样子，看到的景象）→外观相同的一类→物种，种类specificspeciala. 特殊的；专门的→ n. 特别活动；特制产品；特价：coffee is on specialspecialistspecialityspecific① a. detailed and exact 明确的；具体的② a. particular 特定的，特指的[~ to ]【近peculiar to 】specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as （2007 Text 1）2. emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions （2010 Text 2）3. Such a reformulation is not specific to a particular school of thought.（外刊）specification5. vid, vis=to see(看见)★说文解词：audi o——vide ovis it——vis itorevidence①n. 证据，证明→ vt. 证明，作为……的证据：as evidenced by②in evidence：easily seen or noticed显眼，惹人注意provide①vt. 提供，供应②provide（提供）against （以防备）sth（不测）：预防，防备※③vt. （法规、规章）规定（必须做）1. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights... (1991 Text 2)’s order books: to provide against price risesand shortage, his customers had swamped him with orders. (外刊)］envision）设想，展望1. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated,s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. (2013 Text 3)2. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law as having authority apart from politics.（2012知识运用）revise① v. 修正，修订（意见、计划、文稿等）② v.（在考试前）复习revise. (2008 Part B)supervise【近oversee=over- +see 】In 1924 America ’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.（2010知识运用）visibleThe same dramatic technological changes...have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will ， more visible ， and much more damaging ways.（2011 Text 3）vision① n. 视力，视野：field of vision② n. （开阔的视野，长远的目光→） 远见卓识：a leader with vision③ n. （脑海中所见→） 想像，念头Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no meansglowingly positive. (2013 Text 3)visualvisualise★词源串讲：缩合：prudent----provident（=pro- +vid+ -ent= 向前看的→为未来打算的）。

2015（二）完形 - 不不喜欢与陌⽣生⼈人交流 Part1 单词1、contemporary a.当代的2、prospect n.景象，情形3、virtually ad.⼏几乎4、cling v.紧紧抓住5、subway n.地铁6、interact v.相互交流7、gain v.收货8、approach v.接近9、rejection n.拒绝10、advance n.(表示愿意友好的)主动姿态11、weird a.怪异的12、disruptive a.破坏性的，制造混乱的13、inherently a.固有的，内在的14、acquaintance n.相识15、security n.安全16、blanket n.毯⼦子17、perceive v.察觉，认识到18、band-aid n.创可贴，绷带19、tuck v.把...塞⼊入20、commuter n.通勤勤者21、unthinkable a.不不可思议的，难以想象的22、positive a.有所助益的，积极的，肯定的23、embarrassed a.尴尬的24、thrive v.繁荣发展，茁壮成⻓长25、connection n.联系Part2 短语1、executive coach ⾼高级培训师2、rip off 扯掉，撕掉3、make sense 有道理理，合乎情理理4、cling to 不不愿放弃5、on one‘s own 靠⾃自⼰己6、thrive off 发展Text 1 - 在家⼯工作压⼒力力更更⼤大 Part1 单词1、stressed a.紧张焦虑的，感到有压⼒力力的2、cortisol n.⽪皮质醇3、marker n.标记4、contradict v.与...⽭矛盾，反驳，否定5、non-parents n.⽆无⼦子⼥女女者6、household a.家庭的，⽇日常的7、blurring a.模糊8、gender n.性别9、draw v.(从某来源)得到，取，获取10、bargain n.协议，协定11、downside n.负⾯面，消极⾯面12、pure a.纯粹的，纯洁的13、life-sustaining a.维持⽣生命的14、division n.分配15、clinically ad.临床地16、methodically ad.有⽅方法地，有系统地，有条不不紊地17、inadequate a.不不充分的，不不适当的18、removal v.移动，搬动19、fire v.解雇20、apparently ad.显然地;似乎21、infinite a.⽆无限的，⽆无穷的，极多的22、motivate v.使有动机，激发...的积极性23、contrary a.相反的24、refuge n.避难25、conventional a.传统的26、moola n.⾦金金钱Part2 短语1、kick back 轻松下来2、talk sb. into doing sth. 劝某⼈人做某事Text 2 - 美国教育悖论 Part1 单词1、lag v.落后(于)2、dropout n.退学，辍学;退学者3、paradox n.⾃自相⽭矛盾的情形，悖论4、recruit v.招收5、forthcoming a.即将到来的6、optimistic a.乐观的7、outline n.概述，勾勒勒8、potential a.可能的9、approach n.⽅方法，⽅方式10、finding n.调查发现11、recipients n.接受者12、grant n.助学⾦金金，拨款13、thesis n.论点，论题14、modest a.较⼩小的15、intervention n.⼲干预16、cite v.引⽤用17、navigate v.理理解，应对18、seldom 很少，⼏几乎不不19、acknowledge v.承认Part2 短语1、in that 因为2、a range of ⼀一系列列3、be lacking in 缺少4、social class 社会阶层Text 3 - 办公室语⾔言 Part1 单词1、right-brained a.右脑的，引申为“性感的”2、spin v.快速旋转3、parachute v.空降、空投4、era n.时代、年年代5、male-dominated a.男性占主导地位的6、explicitly ad.清楚地7、conscious a.有意的8、infuse v.把...注⼊入;灌输9、allegiance n.(对组织、⼈人物、信仰的)忠诚、拥护10、importation n.引进、输⼊入11、terminology n.学科术语;专⻔门⽤用语12、amid prep.在...中间，在...当中13、prompt v.促进，激起14、buzzword n.某⼀一领域内的时髦⽤用语15、linguist n.语⾔言学家16、nonsense n.⽆无稽之谈、胡说、荒谬的想法17、unplug v.去掉...的障碍物18、irony n.讽刺刺Part2 短语1、lingua franca (⺟母语不不同的⼈人之间使⽤用的)通⽤用语、交际语2、office speak 办公室⽤用语3、spin off 剥离出Text 4 - 就业形势好转的另⼀一⾯面 Part1 单词1、decent a.相当好的，不不错的2、largely ad.基本上，很⼤大程度上3、overlook v.忽略略，忽视4、voluntarily ad.⾃自愿地5、figure n.数字，数据6、distinction n.区别，差别7、evidence n.证据，迹象8、recession n.衰退，不不景⽓气9、survey n.调查，研究10、reference n.参考，参照11、issue n.问题，话题12、insurance n.保险13、previously ad.先前地14、cover v.投保，承保15、classify v.分类16、Medicaid n.（美）医疗补助计划Part2 短语1、the Labor Department 劳⼯工部2、talk of 谈到3、create jobs 创造就业机会4、at a faster pace 以较快的步伐5、full employment 充分就业6、be worth doing sth. 值得做某事7、cover sb. 养活⾃自⼰己新题型 - 克服艰难时刻的真理理 Part1 单词1、mourn v.悲哀，痛惜，忧伤2、signal v.发出...信号，表明3、inner n.内⼼心的，思想的4、barrier n.障碍物，屏障5、luxuriant a.丰富的，过多的6、poison v.败坏，污染，阻碍7、mindset n.⼼心态，思想倾向8、design n.决意，意欲9、pause v.暂停，停顿10、isolated a.孤⽴立的，孤独的11、constant a.持续不不断的，始终如⼀一的12、companionship n.友谊，交情，陪伴13、objectivity n.客观，客观性14、devalue v.降低...的价值(或地位、重要性等)，贬低Part2 短语1、press forward 奋⼒力力向前，努⼒力力前进2、along the way 沿途，⼀一路路上3、weigh down 使负重担，使沮丧焦虑4、keep the eyes open 睁⼤大眼睛，保持留留⼼心5、catch up 把...缠住，陷⼊入...6、dearest and nearest 最亲密的(人)，最亲近的(人)7、circle of friends 朋友圈，交友圈8、good humor ⾼高兴，好⼼心情9、be incapable of ⽆无能⼒力力的，不不会的10、go though 经历翻译 - 熟悉路路程效应Part1 单词1、route n.路路线2、commute n.通勤勤3、perceive v.察觉4、allocate v.分配Part2 短语1、zone out ⾛走神2、pay attention to 注意⼩小作⽂文 - 通知范文NoticeIt is exceedingly great to hear that our university will hold a summer camp for high school students, and this notice is for the purpose of introducing activities and calling for volunteers.The camp will be held in July 11th, and main activities include introducing our university and helping them to learn English. Thus, it is necessary for volunteers to be familiar with our campus In addition, volunteers are well-advised to possess certainexperience for English teaching. We hope you can participate, and your help will enable high school students to enjoy a fruitful camp in our university.There will be an interview for applicants in July 1st in the Center of Students' Activities and all are welcome.Students' Union译：通告听说我们⼤大学将为⾼高中⽣生举办夏令营，这真是太棒了了，这份通知是为了了介绍活动和号召志愿者。

2015考研英语词汇表accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changedcircumstancesaccompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purposeaccord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early acquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secretagents in manycountries whocould be activatedwhenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkeraddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere toanother. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the fundsare administrated by the wife. adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantageswhen seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliatedcompanyaffirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert fornew usages.allege 断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt. allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projects allied 结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealternate 交替，轮流Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golfer ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answer amend 修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circusamused the children.anchor 锚The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称It is officially announced that he will not run forreelection.annoy 使恼怒，使生气She was annoyed at (with) his lightheardattitude.anonymous 匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter (phone call) anticipate 预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand (thatdemand would fall).apart 成零碎Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings. apparent 显然的，明明白白的It was apparent that they all understood.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.appraise 估量，估计appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approve 赞成，同意I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choice arise 起立，起身arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry. array 排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everythingin the field of economics. artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud. ascertain 查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead. ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的I am ashamed for being so stupid. ashore 向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.aside 在旁边We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort. assemble 集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for aspecial meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence. assess 估价，评价，评论assess the present state of the economy assign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson. assimilate 吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas. associate （使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name ofDarwin with the doctrine ofevolution.assume 假定，假设Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming(that) the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心He gave me his assurance that he would help.astonish 使惊讶I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率Our class has perfect attendance today.attentive 注意的，专心的an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.avert 挡开，防止，避免Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.awake 醒，觉醒awake from sleepbang （突发的）sudden loud bangbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive. blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom. border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbound 跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight. breed （使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.calculate 计算，推算calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocapture 俘虏，捕获capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a scheme casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting cease 停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.character （事物的）性质，特质The furniture in Tom’s apartment waspretentious and without character. charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students. charm 魅力，魔力This thriving resort town has retained its villagecharm.chase 追逐，追求The police chased the escaping thief and caught himat last.check 使突然停止，制止check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明clarify an issuecling 粘着The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster oftouristsclutch 紧抓，紧握clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的lack coherent political goalscoincide 相符，相一致100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作He and Icollaborated in writing plays. collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解The roof collapsed under the weight of thesnow.collide 碰撞，互撞The car collided with the truck. commemorate 纪念，庆祝commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tunedmachinecompatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的You should choose a roommatemore compatible to yourtastes.compile 汇编，编制compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从comply with rules(safety regulations) compose 组成，构成England, Scotland, and Wales compose theisland of Great Britain. compress 压缩He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a fewsentencescomprise 包含，包括The shipyard comprises three docks. compromise 妥协，折衷compromise over the hard-fought next. compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽He concealed his disappointment from hisfriends.conceive 构想出，设想conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁condense a speech to half confine 限制，使局限They succeeded in confining the fire to a smallarea.conform 遵照，适应confirm to(或with) the rules(the law) confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇The war confronted him withhardships.conscious 意识到的，自觉地They were conscious that hedisapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许The people will never consent to anotherwar.conserve 保护，保藏，保存conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想Consider carefully before doing anything. consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms. consolidate 巩固，加强consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的He felt as conspicuous asif he had stood on astage.constitute 组成，构成constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量consult a doctor about one’s illness consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for thecontrol of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the twoforms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity everypaydaycontrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at aconventionconvert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted ofsmugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation) correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds toanticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidencethat must exist betweenbuyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。

A one another 相互arise from由…产生的；由… 带来的answer for对…负有责任，因…而受到惩罚abide by遵守，接受，遵循（决定、规则、协定等）anything but 绝对不adhere to 坚持，奉行；apart from/ aside from 除了be about to do即将，刚要（做某事）as for= as to关于，至于keep/stay abreast of sth与…齐头并进，跟上…的步伐as if/though 好像in abundance大量，丰富，充裕，充足as it is事实上by accident偶然，意外地as it were可以说，在一定程度上be in accord with同…相一致，与…相符合be associated with与.. 有关，与.... 有关系in accordance with依照，根据，按照pay attention to 关注according to根据，按照attribute …把( ... 归于be of no/little account不重要的，无足轻重的on (the/an) average 平均；通常on account of sth 由于，因为be aware of 意识至Uon no account/not on any account绝不take account of sth /take sth into account 仔纟细考虑清楚act on/upon sth根据（建议、命令、信息等）行事back and forth来回地，反复地be out of action （机器、交通工具等）坏了，无法工作了be born with 天生具有add up to sth合计达，总共是because of因为，由于in addition另夕卜，从另一方面来讲to begin with开始；首先，第一in addition to sb/sth 除…以外(还)on behalf of sb /on sb ' s behalf 表某人或代替某人in advance（of sth）预先，事先；在…之前come into being/be brought into being 产生，形成take advantage of sb （欺骗性地）利用，占…的便宜be beyond belief难以置信的take advantage of sth利用，把握着…的机会believe in 相信to (good/best) advantage^ 效地，出色地at best充其量，至多be in the air存在的，即将出现的do/try your best 尽力be on/off （the） air （电视、收音机等）正在播放节目或停止had best/ better do sth 最好，应该播放节目be better off比以前有钱；比别人富裕be up in the air无法做出决定的，悬而未决的give birth (to s b/sth)生(孩子)，产生be on the alert （for）警戒着，随时准备着 a bit 一点儿，细微地，轻微地above all首先，尤其是bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地，慢慢地after all最终还是，毕竟，终归还是do your bit各尽所责，作好自己份内的事all in all总的来看，考虑到各方面turn a blind eye （to sth ）装作没看见，睁一只眼闭一只眼in all总共，合计on board在船（飞机或火车）上allow for sb/sth把…计算在内，考虑至V，估计到be bound up with与（某事）紧密相连make allowance（s） for sth （做决策、决定等时）考虑behind the scenes私下，暗地里/至估计到break in打断，插嘴make allowances (for sb)体谅，谅解break out突然出现，爆发along with sth/sb 和…一起break through （sth）突破，冲破，扫除（途中的障碍）one after another 一个接一个break up弄破；（学校）放假；（会议等）结束，散会hold your breath 屏着呼吸catch up (with sb/sth )追上，赶上be out of breath呼吸困难的，上气不接下气center on把…集中在，以…为中心take sb ' s breath awfy (某人)惊叹不已be characterized by 以...为特征in brief简言之by chance偶然，碰巧bring about导致，弓丨起take a chance 冒险，碰运气bring forward提岀，提议（某项法案、方案、计划等）be in charge (of sth)管理，掌管build up增加，增强，增多；增进take charge of sth 管理，掌管in bulk大量，大批check in在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到burn down 烧毁check out调查，核查，核实；结帐离开（旅馆等）burn out/burns itself out 熄灭；筋疲力尽check up on sb/sth监督；核实，核对burst into突然开始…起来keep/hold sb/sth in check 控制，抑制burst out laughing/crying/singing 突然开始cheer on 为…鼓气，向…喝彩get down to busines开始着手处理，开始做事chew over仔细考虑，深思熟虑；详细讨论but for假如没有，要不是choke up （因感情激动而）说不出话来，哽咽cannot but不得不（做某事），禁不住（要做某事）under /in no circumstances无论在任何情况下都不会，决不by and large大体上来看，总的来说能in/under the circumstances既然是这样，在这种特殊情况下C clean up把（某处）收拾干净整洁；清理，整顿cater to迎合clear up （天气）转晴be charged with 承担…；负责…round the clock 日夜不停地a piece of cake容易的事，小菜一碟coincide with与…相符call for sth应有，需要come across （偶然）遇见，找到，发现（某人或某物）call off取消，停止进行come out出版，出现，结局是call on/upon to do sth 号召，呼吁，要求come up with提出（想法）call on/upon sb.短暂拜访，看望come to等于,结果是；总计，达到；be capable of (doing sth )有…的能力comment on评论，发表意见；care for照顾，照看;喜欢，爱in common共有，公有take care 当心，小心by/in comparison (with sb/sth )(与…)相比较take care of照顾，照料，照看comply with遵守，服从carry on继续进行be composed o侑…•组成，由…构成carry out实施，落实；履行，执行as/so far as sth/sb be concerned就…而言carry through 实现，完成conform to 符合；遵照carry sb through （sth ）帮助（某人）度过难关consist of组成a case in point有关的事例，例证be consistent with 与 .. 一致in any case无论如何，不管怎样contribute to 有助于；导致in case以防，万一in concert with与…合作，与…同心协力in case of sth如果发生，假如on (the) condition that/on one condition 只要in no case conj.无论如何不，决不out of condition健康不佳，身体不适cast/shed light on 阐明某事on/under no condition 任何情况下都不，决不confide in sb向（认为可信赖的人）透露秘密go into detail（s）详细叙述，逐一说明in confidence私下地，秘密地i n detail具体地，详细地be confined to限制在，局限于die away （声音、风、光等）逐渐变弱in consequence （of sth ）因此，结果；由于，作为…结果die down （某事物的程度）逐渐地减弱take sth into consideration记得把（某事）考虑进去die out逐渐消失，灭绝on the contrary与此相反，恰恰相反go/be on a diet 节食in/by contrast相比之下，对比之下in dispute在争论中，正处于争论中in contrast to/with与…形成鲜明对比，与…明显不同out of doors户夕卜，在户夕卜be in control （of sth）控制，操纵（某机构、地区或局势）beyond （a） doubt无疑地，确实地be/get/run/ out of control 无法控制，失去控制doze off打瞌睡，打盹儿be under control被控制住，处于控制之下drop out （of sth ）不再参与（某项活动），退出cook up编造，捏造due to因为，由于cool down/off变冷，冷却下来；使…变冷，使…冷却下来in due course到时候，在适当的时候turn the corner 开始好转dwell on/upon sth老是想着，谈到（不愉快的事）at all cost（s）不惜任何代价bring/carry/put sth into effect 使…生效，实施，实行at any cost在任何情况下，无论如何come/go into effect实施，开始生效count in把（某人）算入in effect实际上，事实上count on/upon st依靠（某人），指望（某人）take effect .生效，起作用in the course o s th在… 过程中to the effect that大概意思是by courtesy ofs b由于，由…弓1起；蒙…批准or else否则，要不然be given credit for 为•…受至U称赞end in sth以…为结果，以…为告终correlate with找出一一对应的关系end up结束，告终count on 指望；in the end 最后，结果cut down 肖U减；cut off打断，中断； Ecut out 删掉; enter for报名参加；enter into开始谈话，讨论D even if甚至，即使dedicate…to把…献给…；把…用于…even though （虽然，尽管）表让步；be deprived of 被剥夺ever since自从一之后，从此以后out of date过时的be exposed to sth.暴露于；接触到dawn （up） on sb被（某人）理解，意识到in essence本质上，实质上day and night夜以继日be of the essence非常重要的，至关重要的turn a deaf ear 不愿听even if/though即便是，纵然；尽管，虽然deal with处理，对付in the event of sth如果…发生，倘若，要是（某事发生）be in debt欠债，负债（be）in evidence显眼，显而易见，很明显take (a) delight in 以…为乐exercise control over 控制be in demand被很多人们需要，需求大in excess of sth 超过（一定数量）in depth全面，深入，详细exert yourself to do 努力，尽力make an exhibition of yourself .出洋相，当众出丑give in认输，投降at the expense o以… 为代价give up停止，放弃，不再做to a certain/some/an extent至U… 程度，在… 程度上give off放出，释放keep an eye on sb/sth照看，留神，留意，密切关注give out分发，放出is equivalent to等同于，相当于give something away 泄露at a glance 一眼，一看就F be glued to sth盯住不放，沾上fail to未能做go after sb 追逐，追求be fond of 喜爱go through经历；经受；仔细检查in the fashion of 以…方式go astray丢失，被盗face up to sth勇敢地接受(或对付)take…for granted认为…理所当然as a matter of fact /in fact 事实上grow up长大，成熟fall behind (sb/sth )落后，落在…的后面fall in love with sb 爱上某人Hfar from (doing) sth远非，不象期待的样hand sth in 提交、呈上be at fault做了错事，出错in hand在手头，可供使用be in favor (of sb/sth )支持，赞成，同意in sb' hands受…照顾，被…控制for fear of/that 生怕，以免lend sb a hand帮助…，协助…quite a few/a good few/not a few 相当多，不少on hand /to hand在近处，随时准备伸出援助之手figure out想出，理解，明白on the one hand. .. on the other hand used 一方面…另一方面focus on集中于，集中研究out of hand推卸责任环管,失控；马上，立刻as follows 女口下keep your head = keep a cool head 保持冷静的头脑make a fool of sb 愚弄，使…出丑lose your head慌乱，失去理智，丧失信心first and foremost首要地，最重要地from (the bottom of) your heart 真诚地，从心底and so forth =and so on 等等can't/couldn't help情不自禁，忍不住set free 释放help (sb ) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境for free 免费here and there 到处，任何地方be free from 免于make history名垂千史，载入史册from all appearances从所能见到和所能知道的情况判断hit on/upon sth忽然间想起，无意中发现from now on 从现在开始catch/get/take hold of 握住，抓住from the bottom up 从头开始be/feel at home感到舒适，无拘束in full全部地，完全地at home 在本国，在国内make fun of 拿… 开玩笑，愚弄be at home with sth.熟悉，精通bring sth home (to sb)使(某人)更清楚(某事)G be on the horizon 即将发生的get along (with sb)相处融洽，与…相处融洽 a host of=a body of 大量get around/round doing / to sth.扌由出时间来做(某事)hand on传下来，依次传递get away with侥幸逃脱，逃脱处罚hand out分发，散发get down to sth开始认真处理，着手做hand over交出，移交have a bearing on 与... 有关系in line （with sth）与（某事）成一条直线，成一排hold back踌躇，退缩，阻止line up排成一行；排队hold down 控制be out of line with sb/sth立场上与…不一致；不成一直线hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持live off sth以…为生；依靠…生活hold on继续，握住不放，坚持live on sth以（一种或几种事物）为主要食物live up to达到；符合；不辜负I log in.登录；注册；进入（计算机系统）identify with与…一体，认同log out退出；注销（计算机系统）be involved with 与 .. 有关连look back sth回首往事；回忆；回顾in the interest(s) of sth 为了…(的利益)look down on sb瞧不起、轻视、蔑视（某人）on intervals ad.每隔一段时间（或距离），不时look forward to (doing sth) 热切地盼望，期待look into sth为了解决（某事）而对其做的调查K be at a loss不知所措；困惑keep sb from sth 抑制，阻止keep a close watch on 密切关注Mkeep up with sb与（某人）并驾齐驱；跟上in the matter of 关于；就…而言keep up with sth熟悉，了解（时事、形势等）make reflections on 对•… 进行思考kill off彻底停止，完全根除make-believe虚构（或假想）的事物to your knowledge 据…所知make for sth 促成；有助于；make it尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，实现成功L make sth out 弄懂for lack of因为缺乏make sth up 编造故事或谎言at large总地，一般地make up for 补偿；弥补be at large （危险的人和动物）未被抓住，在逃many a许多；大量lay aside sth把（某物）放在一边，留存备用by all means当然可以；当然行lay sth down规定，制定或宣布（条例和规则）；储存（某by means of sth借助…手段；依靠…方法物）以备后用by no means 绝不；一点不lay off停止使用（某人），解雇（某人）measure up量测；度量lay sth out （给房子、城镇、花园）做布置，安排，设计meet with sb和（某人）碰面at least至少，起码in memory of sb对（某人）的纪念not in the least丝毫不，一点不not to mention更不用说；且不说let alone更不用说at the mercy of任由处置leave sb. alone不打扰（某人），让…独自呆bear/keep in mind想起/记起（某人或某物）at leisure闲散，悠闲in your mind ' s ey想象at length最后;详细地；长时间地make up your mind 做决定no less than（强调大数量）不少于；多达at the moment 此刻；目前let sb/sth down不支持（某人或某事）；使…失望for the moment 目前；暂时；此亥Uin （the） light of鉴于（某事）；考虑到（某事）the moment…一…就…be linked to/with something 与... 连接at most 至多make the most of最大限度利用（某物）；充分利用be proud of =take pride in 为…而骄傲。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English:Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related, frien ds are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why thissimilarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains mon archs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, theMiddle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who havemost to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according toParagraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, riflin g through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personaldomain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phone s without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s c omparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working withthe American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welc ome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because o f a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editorof the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation,sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-Gto fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merelyrelative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning weperceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across theAtlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survivedthe journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almos t inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use LiMing instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

72.
updated guidelines
更新的指导性意见
73.
lame argument
站不住脚的观点
74.
digital information
数字信息
75.
be similar to
与……类似
76.
cloud computing
云计算
77.
take steps to do sth.
采取措施做某事
[pəˈzeʃn]
n.
所有物
44.
suspect
[səˈspekt]
n.
嫌疑犯
45.
assess
[əˈses]
v.
评估
46.
recklessly
[ˈreklɪslɪ]
ad.
不顾一切地
47.
modest
[ˈmɒdɪst]
a.
谦虚的
48.
discernable
[dɪˈsɜːnəbl]
a.
可辨别的
49.
defendant
v.
使无效
61.
swallow
[ˈswɒləʊ]
v.
忍受；轻信
62.
specify
[ˈspesɪfaɪ]
v.
详细说明
63.
just how much
究竟多大程度上
64.
protect digital data
保护数字资料
65.
Supreme Court
最高法院
66.
on or around a person
某人身上或旁边
67.
during an arrest

2015年英语一第一篇2015 Text 1第一段①King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”②But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. ③So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? ④Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles? 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾坚称：“国王不会退位，只会在睡梦中离世。

”但是，令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党左派在最近的欧洲选举中所受的欢迎度，迫使他收回前言并宣布退位。

所以，西班牙的危机是否预示着，君主制正在走向末日？那么，对所有欧洲王室贵族而言，这是否意味着，他们华丽的制服和尊贵生活方式也走到了末日？①King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾坚称：“国王不会退位，只会在睡梦中离世。

”JC是西班牙的国王King n. 王；国王insist vt. 坚持认为；坚持说。

双引号部分是两个句子，本质是insist省略that的两个宾语从句abdicate vt. 退位，推卸责任。