2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案.doc

2020年职称英语理工A概括大意真题及答案Geothermal(地热)Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some ofthis rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one ortwo separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin theturbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earthto maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】C【解析】24【题干】Paragraph2_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】A【解析】25【题干】Paragraph3_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】E【解析】26【题干】Paragraph4_____【选项】A.Dry steam plants。

2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。

职称英语等级理工类(A级)试题考试试题答案及题解3第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology．A mouse has also been cloned successfully，But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．2 Seed’S announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year．’’3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research．In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，humancloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science．4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like．But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask．Pretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

2020年职称英语理工A阅读判断真题及答案阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a smallgroup of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with theIndustrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with hisfather at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel.At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge ofthe project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejectedall entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however,exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.Wrong。

学派网2013年职称英语真题理工(A)第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume4. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternative6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard7. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation11. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）New Understanding of Natural Silk’s MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.Most materials —especially the ones we engineer for strength —get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful。

2020年职称英语理工A完形填空真题及答案CellPhone Lets Your Secrets OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it,______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new studyDNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is_____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect_____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone：the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user's earThe scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones backfor another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephoneSurprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests thatwashing won't remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal'sdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定)a crime-scene investigation.51.A. nameB.picturesC. shapesD. traces答案：d52.A. thatB. whileC.asD.what答案：a53.A. commonB. goodC. helpfulD. unique答案：d54.A. behindB. awayC. asideD.over答案：a55.A. visitorsB. travelersC.scientistsD.criminals 答案：d56.A. until。

2020 年职称英语理工类 A 级模拟试题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选择 ( 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1.The old concerns lose importance and some ofthem vanish altogether.A.developB.disappearC.lingerD.renew2.In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary gradesand high school.A.stageB.notionC.patternD.alternative3.Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.A.facilitatesB.overwhelmsC.inhibitsD.loosens4.The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American Company to manufacture porcelain.A.silverwareB.crystalC.chinaD.linen5.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A.inB.aroundC.fromD.before6.We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last three years and left for good.A.closeB.nearC.pastD.final7.The chemical is lethal to rats but safe to cattle.A.toxicB.harmfulD.contagious8.She is very conscientious about her work.A.worriedB.carefulC.anxiousD.nervous9.She has consolidated her power.A.strengthenedB.wonC.hardenedD.united10.The drinking water is contaminated with impurities.A.blackenedB.pollutedC.darkenedD.mixed11.Her novel depicts a futuristic America.A.writesB.sketchesC.describes12.He expressed concern that the ship might bein distress.A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger13.They are endeavoring to change society as a whole.A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making14.Your eternal boasting annoys everyone,A.unchangeableB.everlastingC.boringD.monotonous15.The other women seemed contented and theyeven exhibited their bellies with pride.A.demonstratedB.uncoveredC.spreadD.showed第 2 部分：阅读判断 ( 第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后，列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。

2020职称英语答案：理工A(网友版) 2020职称英语答案：理工A(网友版)理工类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项1. I want to decent D.good2. Lower spur iB.encourage3. Steep stairs r hazard C.danger4. The project f diligent D.hardworking5. The two merge next year. bine6. He demolished m A.disproved7. Her father graceful manners. B.polite8. Regulaf immense C.great9. He was rather vague A.unclear10. He was appalling D.terrible11. I can't put up with C.tolerate12. I enjoyed funny A.humorous13. Your dog vigorous D.energetic14. Our turmoil. C.confusion15. Patricia resentment. B.anger第2部分：阅读判断Monarch without a Kingdom16 The 5，000 km A. Right17 The Monarch A. Right18 The Mexicans C. Not mentioned19 in bad winters about 70B. Wrong20 In early AprilA. Right21 Genetically B. Wrong22 Genetically C. Not mentioned第4部分：阅读理解 (第 31~45题,每题 3分 ,共 45分)第1篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright31. Which NOT A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.32. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding B What made our ancestors walk upright.33. Kyoto,Universitry’s study discovered tha t chimpanzees C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.34. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment? D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.35. What can we infer from the reading passage? D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.第2篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"36 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.37. As predators, antsA prey on small as well as large animals.38. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.39. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.40. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?第6部分：完形填空Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk51 B.charge52C.suggest53 B.amount54 D. risk55B.charge56 B.enough57 A.unhealthy58 D.possibility59 A.degree60 D. like61 B.provided62C.custome63 A.measures64 B.wearing65 C.lowering更多推荐：。