西洋乐器的中文和英文名称
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西洋管弦乐器简介西洋管弦乐器按音色分成哪四组:弦乐:小提琴,中提琴,大提琴,低音提琴,竖琴1)小提琴:高音乐器,音色敞亮优美,常但任独奏。
2)3)2)中提琴:中音乐器,音色较暗,常作填充和声之用,极少独奏。
4)5)3)大提琴:低音乐器,音色柔和、丰满,拔弦效果很好。
6)7)4)低音提琴:低音乐器,音色低厚,反映迟钝。
8)9)5)竖琴:音质柔美、华贵,乐队中使用不多,其滑音演奏具有特殊效果。
铜管:小号,大号,长号,圆号……木管:长笛,短笛,双簧管,单簧管(又叫黑管),大管,西洋乐器中铜、木管的区分不是看管身材料的(若是是的话,单簧管非铜非木就没方法分组了)。
而是看吹口部份的材料的,凡是管乐器吹口部份是扁的,并用竹制或木制哨片装在笛头上发声的乐器称为木管乐器。
有长笛和短笛两个特例,长笛是全金属管的,吹口也不是哨片的,短笛是胶质管的,可是,因为在乐器改良之前,在古代欧洲,它们都是全木质结构的,因此尊重传统,分入木管组。
凡是吹口部分是金属制成的半球型吹嘴的乐器,分为铜管组。
因此,说白了,铜管和木管如何分,就看吹口那一点点,和管身没有关系,萨克斯就算是铜的,也仍然是木管组,长笛哪怕是通体纯金的,也仍然是木管组。
有一个非常简单的区别方法,凡是叫“XX号”的乐器都是铜管组的,没有“号”字的,一般都是木管组的。
冲击乐:定音鼓,小军鼓,大鼓,钹,铃鼓,三角铁,锣……定音鼓英文名称:Timpani属于有固定音高的冲击乐器类,用低音谱表记谱。
定音鼓为半球形,有调音踏板或用侧面的螺丝来调音。
鼓面用兽皮或塑料皮蒙住。
鼓手用两个鼓锤敲打鼓面发出不同的节拍或音乐。
其滚奏的成效超级有气势和戏剧成效,在乐队中经常使用。
定音鼓还能够用布蒙起来发出另外一种音色。
其被用于交响乐队中是在17世纪,那时的隆重庆典活动或大型集会常常会用到它。
定音鼓作为交响乐队的重要成员已经有200连年的历史了。
在乐队中,冲击乐手常常要一个人演奏好几种冲击乐器,而定音鼓的鼓手那么完全不用。
西洋乐器小提琴:小提琴(violin)是一种四条弦的弓弦乐器。
它广泛流传于世界各国,是现代管弦乐队弦乐组中最主要的乐器。
它在器乐中占有极重要的位置,是现代交响乐队的支柱,也是具有高难度演奏技巧的独奏乐器。
小提琴音色优美,接近人声,音域宽广,表现力强,从它诞生那天起,就一直在乐器中占有显著的地位,为人们所宠爱。
如果说钢琴是“乐器之王”,那么小提琴就是乐器中的“王后”了。
提琴由30多个零件组成。
其主要构件有琴头、琴身、琴颈、弦轴、琴弦、琴马、腮托、琴弓、面板、侧板、音柱等。
小提琴共有四根弦,分为:E弦,A弦,D弦和G弦。
代表人物:帕格尼尼、海菲茨、盛中国、李传韵、吕思清等。
代表作:《梁祝》、《流浪者之歌》、《魔鬼的颤音奏鸣曲》等。
中提琴:提琴族中的中音乐器,外形及结构与小提琴基本相同,只是形体略大。
五度定弦为c、g、d1,a1琴身长度一般为42.5厘米。
中提琴的音色比小提琴更厚实、温暖而丰满,指法和运弓与小提琴基本相同。
中提琴从比中央C低八度音程的C开始,每根弦间隔五度音程,依次为C、G、D及A音,比小提琴低五度,而比大提琴高了八度。
作为独奏乐器,它缺少小提琴的辉煌性和大提琴的浑厚有力的音响,并且不如小提琴和大提琴那样在演奏协奏曲时可以和乐队进行较量。
因此作曲家为中提琴写的协奏曲不多见。
奏中提琴虽然看起来和小提琴很接近,实际上中提琴和小提琴的演奏技巧有很大的不同,比如弓法。
由于体积变化,因此演奏中提琴对体能要求更高。
代表人物:威廉·普利姆罗斯、昂内尔·特帝斯、保尔·欣德米特等。
代表作:《哈罗德在意大利》。
大提琴:大提琴是管弦乐队中必不可少的次中音或低音弦乐器,属提琴族乐器里的下中音乐器,音色浑厚丰满,具有开朗的性格,擅长演奏抒情的旋律,表达深沉而复杂的感情,也与低音提琴共同担负和声的低音声部。
它也是非常为人们所喜爱的独奏乐器。
大提琴在室内乐多为独奏角色,另也担任管弦乐团中弦乐的部分。
西洋乐器的中文和英文名称弦乐组;小提琴violin、中提琴viola、大提琴cello、低音大提琴double bass,竖琴harp、管风琴、钢琴piano、六弦琴vielle、曼佗林mandolin、班卓琴banjo木管组:短笛piccolo、横笛(也称长笛)flute、单簧管clarinet、低音单簧管bass clarinet、萨克斯管saxophone、双簧管oboe、高音双簧管treble oboe、英国管English horn、大管bassoon、低音大管bass bassoon铜管组:短号cornet,小号trumpet,法国号(圆号)french horn,伸缩号(长号)trombone,大号tuba。
打击组:定音鼓timpani、低音鼓bass drum、小鼓snare drum、钹cymbals、三角铁triangle、铃鼓tambourine、排钟chime、锣gong、木琴xylophone、钟琴glockenspiel、雪橇铃sleigh bells、响板castanets、砂槌maracas、棘轮ratchet、牛铃cow bells、布谷鸟笛cuckoo flute、盒梆box bang、乐鞭music whipflute长笛A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tubeclosed at one end with keys and finger holeson the side and anopening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器,侧边有按键和指孔,靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口Also called:transverse flutepiccolo短笛A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子clarinet单簧管A woodwind instrument having a straight,cylindrical tube with aflaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece,playedby means of fingerholes and keys.单簧管,黑管一种管乐器,有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口,以指孔和键的方式演奏oboe双簧管A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reedmouthpiece,having a range of three octaves and a penetrating,poignant sound.带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器,具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音English horn英国管A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than theoboe and pitched lower by a fifth.一种双簧的木制管乐器,类似于双簧管,但音高比双簧管低五度bassoon或fogotto大管A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed,having a longwooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to themouthpiece.The range of this instrument istypically two octaveslower than that of the oboe.巴松管,低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器,有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连,这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度double bassoon低音大管The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments,sounding an octave below the bassoon.双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器,比低音管的音高低一个八度Also called:contrabassonhorn或French horn圆号或法国圆号A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone along,narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in aflaring bell.一种有活瓣的铜管乐器,从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音trumpet小号A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tubelooped once and ending in a flared bell,the modern type beingequipped with three valves for producing variationsin pitch.一种高音铜管乐器,由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成,现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高cornet短号A wind instrument of the trumpet class,having three valves operatedby pistons.号类的一种管乐器,有三个用活塞控制的栓塞trombone长号A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent uponitself twice,ending in a bell-shaped mouth,and having a movableU-shaped slide for producing different pitches.一种铜管乐器,由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成,尾部有喇叭形口,有一个可滑动的U形拉管,可发出不同音高的音tuba大号A large,valved,brass wind instrument with abass pitch.大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器kettle drums或timpani定音鼓Violin 小提琴A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.用弓演奏的一种弦乐器,具有在第五音的音程上调音的四根弦和不分格指板,形体较古提琴浅,音域、音色和强弱相当灵活[IMGsize=250]/city/musiccenter/teaching/instrumentbooks/string/violin/ violinpic/violin.gif[/IMGsize]Viola 中提琴stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone.提琴家族中的一种弦乐器,稍大于小提琴,调音比小提琴低五度,声音更为深沉、洪亮[IMGsize=250]http://www.asinari.it/viola.jpg[/IMGsize]Cello 大提琴A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than thedouble bass.一种提琴类四弦乐器,音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高[IMGsize=250 ]http://www.asinari.it/cello.jpg[/IMGsize]Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C.尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器,也常用于爵士乐合奏。
史上最全西洋乐器简介2015-07-18哆来咪⾳乐教室弦乐器(The String Family) 弦乐器是以琴⼸磨擦或弹拨的⽅式振动琴弦⽽发声的,早期的弦乐器皆為拨弦乐器,如埃及的竖琴、希腊的齐特琴、印度的古琴等,⼸弦乐器发展较晚。
弦乐器经过长时间的演进,⽬前常⽤於交响乐团的有以下⼏种:a.⼩提琴(Violin) ⼩提琴為弦乐器的代表,由於其有优美华丽的⾳⾊,宽⼴的⾳域和丰富的表现⼒,不仅是出⾊的独奏乐器,亦在合奏中居於领导地位,因此有「乐器之后」的美誉。
它以⼸⽑擦弦发声,⾳⾊如⼈声,⼸⽑是以马的尾巴製成,演奏前需先涂抹由松树汁製成的松⾹以增加黏著性及磨擦⼒,故常形容提琴族之演奏韵味為“颇有松⾹味” 然⽽松⾹味⼀词仅能道出⼩提琴演奏的劲道,它还具有优美华丽的⾳⾊,宽⼴的⾳域(四个⼋度以上)和丰富的表现⼒,可以热情洋溢也可以优雅⾼贵。
嫵媚动⼈,她的抒情能⼒可令⼈如醉如痴,有如歌喉精湛的⼥⾼⾳⼀般。
管弦乐团中,⼩提琴坐在指挥的左侧,并分成第⼀⼩提琴和第⼆⼩提琴两组,就如同⼆部合唱中的两个声部相辅相成。
第⼀⼩提琴⾸席-同时亦是乐团⾸席-在演奏会开始前,指挥乐团各声部做好调⾳的⼯作。
b.中提琴(Viola) 由古代中⾳维奥尔演变⽽成(viol),中提琴的结构、演奏⽅式、演奏技巧与⼩提琴相同体积⽐⼩提琴⼤⼀些,定弦⽐⼩提琴低五度,在乐团中坐於指挥的前⽅或右前⽅,由於⾳域属中⾳区,丰润厚贸且略带⿐⾳,通常担任和声的⾓⾊,琴声的性质柑当於⼥低⾳。
中提琴因琴及⼸均较重较⼤、⼿指按弦之指距较宽,演奏快速的乐句⽐⼩提琴难,但它常⽤的⾳域和略带⿐⾳且丰润厚实的⾳⾊,恰与⼀般的⼈声相仿,因此演奏抒情性的⾳乐最具亲和⼒,表达悲戚时,其阴暗沙哑的⾳⾊更有如泣如诉之感,因此专為中提琴⽽创作的⾳乐有增加之趋势,中提琴独奏家之地位也⽇渐提⾼。
在合奏场合中常担任中间声部的重要和声⾓⾊,少了他,和声便会有空虚及没个性的感觉。
西洋乐器的分类弦乐器(The String Family)弦乐器是以琴弓磨擦或弹拨的方式振动琴弦而发声的,早期的弦乐器皆为拨弦乐器,如埃及的竖琴、希腊的齐特琴、印度的古琴等,弓弦乐器发展较晚。
弦乐器经过长时间的演进,目前常用於交响乐团的有以下几种:小提琴(Violin)小提琴为弦乐器的代表,由于其有优美华丽的音色,宽广的音域和丰富的表现力,不仅是出色的独奏乐器,亦在合奏中居于领导地位,因此有「乐器之后」的美誉。
它以弓毛擦弦发声,音色如人声,弓毛是以马的尾巴制成,演奏前需先涂抹由松树汁制成的松香以增加黏著性及磨擦力,故常形容提琴族之演奏韵味为“颇有松香味”然而松香味一词仅能道出小提琴演奏的劲道,它还具有优美华丽的音色,宽广的音域(四个八度以上)和丰富的表现力,可以热情洋溢也可以优雅高贵。
妩媚动人,她的抒情能力可令人如醉如痴,有如歌喉精湛的女高音一般。
管弦乐团中,小提琴坐在指挥的左侧,并分成第一小提琴和第二小提琴两组,就如同二部合唱中的两个声部相辅相成。
第一小提琴首席、同时亦是乐团首席,在演奏会开始前,指挥乐团各声部做好调音的工作。
中提琴(Viola)由古代中音维奥尔演变而成(viol),中提琴的结构、演奏方式、演奏技巧与小提琴相同体积比小提琴大一些,定弦比小提琴低五度,在乐团中坐于指挥的前方或右前方,由于音域属中音区,丰润厚贸且略带鼻音,通常担任和声的角色,琴声的性质相当于女低音。
中提琴因琴及弓均较重较大、手指按弦之指距较宽,演奏快速的乐句比小提琴难,但它常用的音域和略带鼻音且丰润厚实的音色,恰与一般的人声相仿,因此演奏抒情性的音乐最具亲和力,表达悲戚时,其阴暗沙哑的音色更有如泣如诉之感,因此专为中提琴而创作的音乐有增加之趋势,中提琴独奏家之地位也日渐提高。
在合奏场合中常担任中间声部的重要和声角色,少了他,和声便会有空虚及没个性的感觉。
大提琴(Cello)大提琴的体积较为龙大,因此演奏时必需坐著,琴身置于两膝之间,左手按弦,右手持弓,尾端的支架可以伸展出来以支撑乐器。
西洋乐器的中文和英文名称弦乐组;小提琴violin、中提琴viola、大提琴cello、低音大提琴double bass,竖琴harp、管风琴、钢琴piano、六弦琴vielle、曼佗林mandolin、班卓琴banjo木管组:短笛piccolo、横笛(也称长笛)flute、单簧管clarinet、低音单簧管bass clarinet、萨克斯管saxophone、双簧管oboe、高音双簧管treble oboe、英国管English horn、大管bassoon、低音大管bass bassoon铜管组:短号cornet,小号trumpet,法国号(圆号)french horn,伸缩号(长号)trombone,大号tuba。
打击组:定音鼓timpani、低音鼓bass drum、小鼓snare drum、钹cymbals、三角铁triangle、铃鼓tambourine、排钟chime、锣gong、木琴xylophone、钟琴glockenspiel、雪橇铃sleigh bells、响板castanets、砂槌maracas、棘轮ratchet、牛铃cow bells、布谷鸟笛cuckoo flute、盒梆box bang、乐鞭music whipflute长笛A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tubeclosed at one end with keys and finger holeson the side and anopening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器,侧边有按键和指孔,靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口Also called:transverse flutepiccolo短笛A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子clarinet单簧管A woodwind instrument having a straight,cylindrical tube with aflaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece,playedby means of fingerholes and keys.单簧管,黑管一种管乐器,有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口,以指孔和键的方式演奏oboe双簧管A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reedmouthpiece,having a range of three octaves and a penetrating,poignant sound.带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器,具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音English horn英国管A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than theoboe and pitched lower by a fifth.一种双簧的木制管乐器,类似于双簧管,但音高比双簧管低五度bassoon或fogotto大管A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed,having a longwooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to themouthpiece.The range of this instrument istypically two octaveslower than that of the oboe.巴松管,低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器,有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连,这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度double bassoon低音大管The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments,sounding an octave below the bassoon.双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器,比低音管的音高低一个八度Also called:contrabassonhorn或French horn圆号或法国圆号A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone along,narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in aflaring bell.一种有活瓣的铜管乐器,从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音trumpet小号A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tubelooped once and ending in a flared bell,the modern type beingequipped with three valves for producing variationsin pitch.一种高音铜管乐器,由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成,现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高cornet短号A wind instrument of the trumpet class,having three valves operatedby pistons.号类的一种管乐器,有三个用活塞控制的栓塞trombone长号A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent uponitself twice,ending in a bell-shaped mouth,and having a movableU-shaped slide for producing different pitches.一种铜管乐器,由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成,尾部有喇叭形口,有一个可滑动的U形拉管,可发出不同音高的音tuba大号A large,valved,brass wind instrument with abass pitch.大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器kettle drums或timpani定音鼓Violin 小提琴A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.用弓演奏的一种弦乐器,具有在第五音的音程上调音的四根弦和不分格指板,形体较古提琴浅,音域、音色和强弱相当灵活[IMGsize=250]/city/musiccenter/teaching/instrumentbooks/string/violin/ violinpic/violin.gif[/IMGsize]Viola 中提琴stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone.提琴家族中的一种弦乐器,稍大于小提琴,调音比小提琴低五度,声音更为深沉、洪亮[IMGsize=250]http://www.asinari.it/viola.jpg[/IMGsize]Cello 大提琴A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than thedouble bass.一种提琴类四弦乐器,音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高[IMGsize=250 ]http://www.asinari.it/cello.jpg[/IMGsize]Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C.尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器,也常用于爵士乐合奏。
低音提琴通常被算作提琴类,定弦为第四级音,颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。
它有始于中音以下三个八度音阶的深度范围[IMGsize=250]http://www.asinari.it/dblbass.jpg[/IMGsize]本文来自: 萝林音乐·Lorein Music(/)详细文章参考:/viewthread.php?tid=4408&page=1flute 长笛A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器,侧边有按键和指孔,靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口Also called: transverse flutepiccolo 短笛A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子clarinet 单簧管A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys.单簧管,黑管一种管乐器,有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口,以指孔和键的方式演奏[IMGsize=200]/highschool/music/clarinet.gif[/IMGsize]oboe 双簧管A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound.带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器,具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音[IMGsize=200]/images/oboe.gif[/IMGsize]English horn 英国管A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by afifth.一种双簧的木制管乐器,类似于双簧管,但音高比双簧管低五度bassoon或fogotto 大管A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe.巴松管,低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器,有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连,这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度[IMGsize=200]http://www.yamaha.co.jp/english/product/winds/product/wood/bassoon/img/basso on.jpg[/IMGsize]double bassoon 低音大管The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon.双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器,比低音管的音高低一个八度Also called: contrabasson[IMGsize=180]/scruggs/sburton/5_files/image020.gif[/IMGsize]horn或French horn 圆号或法国圆号A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell.一种有活瓣的铜管乐器,从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音[IMGsize=200]/graphics/horn.jpg[/IMGsize]trumpet 小号A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch.一种高音铜管乐器,由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成,现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高cornet 短号A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons.号类的一种管乐器,有三个用活塞控制的栓塞[IMGsize=130]/musicdictionary/textc/images/cornet.jpg[/IMGsize]trombone 长号A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches.一种铜管乐器,由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成,尾部有喇叭形口,有一个可滑动的U 形拉管,可发出不同音高的音[IMGsize=200]http://www.fanfare-kehlen.lu/images/instruments/trombone.gif[/IMGsize]tuba 大号A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch.大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器[IMGsize=130]http://www.uchile.cl/facultades/artes/mcdp/images/tuba.gif[/IMGsize]harp 竖琴An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers.一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器piano 钢琴An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.一种乐器,用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音,可以通过踏瓣的方式调轻声音或使之持续不断Also called: pianoforteorgan 风琴An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器[IMGsize=200]/organ%20east.jpg[/IMGsize]harpsichord 羽管键琴a stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器,类似三角钢琴,但通常有两层键盘(部分为一层,及其个别亦有三层)和两套或更多的弦(每套发出不同音质的音),通过羽管或皮制拨子(拨子连接一顶重器,一般为一根直立的木杆)拨弦,赖琴键内端推动发声。