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英语语言学linguisticschapter3练习答案

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Chapter 3 Morphology

1. Divide the following words into their separate morphemes

by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:

a. microfilm e. telecommunication

b. bedraggled f. forefather

c. announcement g. psychophysics

d. predigestion h. mechanist

答： a. micro + film b. be + draggle + ed

c. announce + ment d. pre + digest + ion

e. tele + communicate + ion f. fore + father

g. psycho + physics h. mechan + ist

2. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and

specify the types of stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least

two examples of each.

Model: -or

suffix: -or

meaning: the person or thing performing the action

stem type: added to verbs

examples: actor, “one who acts in stage plays, motion

pictures, etc. ” translator, “one who translates ”

答： (1) suffix: -able

meaning: something can be done or is possible

stem type: added to verbs

examples: acceptable, “can be accepted ”

respectable, “can be respected ”

(2) suffix: -ly

meaning: functional

stem type: added to adjectives

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examples: freely. “adverbial form of ‘free ’ ”

quickly, “adverbial form of 'quick' ”.

(3) suffix: -ee

meaning: the person receiving the action

stem type: added to verbs

examples: employee, “one who works in a company ”

interviewee, “one who is interviewed ”

3. Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and

specify the types of stem they may be prefixed to. Give at least

two examples of each.

Model: a-

prefix: a-

meaning: “without; not ”

stem type: added to adjectives

examples: asymmetric, “lacking symmetry ” asexual,

“without sex or sex organs ”

答： (1) prefix: dis-

meaning: showing an opposite

stem type: added to verbs or nouns

examples : disapprove, “do not approve ”

dishonesty, “lack of honesty ”.

(2) prefix: anti-

meaning: against, opposed to

stem type: added to nouns or adjectives

examples : antinuclear, “opposing the use of atomic

weapons and power ”

antisocial, “opposed or harmful to the laws and customs of an

organized community. ”

2

(3) prefix: counter-

meaning: the opposite of

stem type: added to nouns or adjectives.

examples: counterproductive, “producing results o pposite to those

intended ”

counteract, “act against and reduce the force or effect of

(sth.) ”

4. The italicized part in each of the following sentences is an

inflectional morpheme. Study each inflectional morpheme

carefully and point out its grammatical meaning.

Sue moves in high-society circles in London.

A traffic warden asked John to move his car.

The club has moved to Friday, February 22nd.

The branches of the trees are moving back and forth.

答： (1)-s, the third person singular, present simple tense

(2)-ed, the past tense

(3) has –ed, the present perfect

(4) are+v-ing, the plural form; the present progressive

5. Determine whether the words in each of the following groups

are related to one another by processes of inflection or derivation.

a) go, goes, going, gone b) discover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable,

discoverability

c) inventor, inventor ’s, inventors, inventors ’

d) democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize

答： (1) go, goes, going, gone (inflection)

go- the root form

go+es, simple present, 3 rd person singular

3

go+ing, present participle

gone, past participle

(2) discover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable,

discoverability (derivation)

dis-, prefix (added to the nouns to form verbs) meaning reversal

-y, suffix (added after the verbs to form nouns) denoting a

state or an action or its result

-er, a noun suffix added to the verbs, meaning a person or

thing that perform a specified action or activity

-able, an adjective suffix added to verbs meaning able to be

-ability, a noun suffix, or a derivative suffix of – able,

meaning having the quality as in manageability （可办理性） and

suitability （适合性） .

(3) inventor, inventor ’ s, inventors, inventors ’ (a mixture of inflection or derivation)

Derivation: invent+-or

Inflection: inventor ’s, inventors ’ indicating possessive case

(4) democracy, democrat, democratic, democratize (derivation)

-cy, added to the nouns ending with “t ” to form another noun

denoting a state governed in such a way.

-ic, an adjective suffix, added to the nouns to form adjectives

meaning related to or in resemblance with

-ize, a suffix added to the noun to form verbs denoting

the conversion, transforming.

6. The following sentences contain both derivational and

inflectional affixes. Underline all of the derivational affixes

and circle the inflectional affixes.

a) The farmer ’s cows escaped.

b) It was raining.

c) Those socks are inexpensive.

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Quizforlinguistics-习题整理含答案

Quizforlinguistics-习题整理含答案

1 Quiz for linguistics:

Chapter 1: Linguistics and Language

语言和语言学

1. Which of the following is the most important function of language?

a. Interpersonal function

b. Performative function

c. Informative function d. Recreational function

2. ______ studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of

speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and

connected speech, etc..

a. Phonology b. Phonetics c. Morphology d.

Pragmatics

3. ______ function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal

relations.

a. Performative b. Interpersonal c. Phatic d.

Metalingual

4. ______ means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of

the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of

新编简明英语语言学教程-第二版-整理

新编简明英语语言学教程-第二版-整理

1 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.Linguistics: 语言学It is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

( Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but it studies language in

general)

2.General linguistics:普通语言学 The study of language as a whole is called

general linguistics.

(language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets )

nguage: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for

human communication.

4.descriptive (描述性):A linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the

language people actually use.

5.prescriptive(规定性): It aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard”

behaviors.

i.e. what they should say and what they should not to say.

6.synchronic(共时语言学): the description of language at some point of time

in hiatory

7.diachronic (历时语言学):the description of language as it changes through

英语语言学—中文版

英语语言学—中文版

--

-- 单元练习..．.．.7６页

英语语言学概论

—自学指导

主 编： 支永碧 王永祥

英语语言学概论

—自学指导

主 编： 支永碧 王永祥

副主编: 李葆春 丁后银 王秀凤

前言

本书主要为参加英语专业（本科段）自学考试和全国研究生入学考试的考生而编写，是《英语语言学概论》（王永祥、支永碧，2０07）的配套辅导用书。

自2007年起,《英语语言学概论》(王永祥、支永碧,200７)被确定为英语专业（本科段）自学考试的指定教材。在此期间，许多参加自学考试的考生希望能再出一本配套的辅导教材。他们中的不少人不仅希望自学考试轻松过关,还希望和全国其他学生一样将来能参加全国统一的研究生入学考试继续升造求学。而现有的教材内容和相关练习似乎还不能充分满足他们的需求。其一，配套练习尚不够全面,缺少问答题的参考答案；其二，和研究生入学考试真题相比,配套练习的类型也不够全面;其三,参加自学考试的学生往往很难得到老师的亲自授课和指导，而英语语言学理论和概念往往抽象难懂，再加上其它各种原因，不少考生不能轻易地掌握各章的所有重点、难点,因此,他们迫切需要有一本简单实用的自学考试指南和辅导练习帮助他们解决问题;此外,在英语专业研究生入学考试中,英语语言学是一门必考科目。入学以后,英语语言学也是英语专业研究生的一门必修课。鉴于此,他们希望了解更全面的英语语言学基本理论，多做一些更实用的英语语言学练习和真题,以备将来需要。为了满足广大自考学生和准备参加英语专业研究生入学考试的考生的需要,我们在广泛征求了各方面的意见之后,精心编写了本书。本书的编写除了主要参照王永祥、支永碧主编的《英语语言学概论》以外,我们还参考了胡壮麟主编的《语言学教程》（修订版）和戴炜栋、何兆熊主编的《新编简明英语语言学教程》和其它一些高校使用的语言学教程。

本书第一部分为英语语言学核心理论和概念,主要包括：本章主要考点,课文理解与重点内容分析;第二部分为英语语言学概论的十三章单元配套练习，和原教材中的练习稍有不同的是，在本部分，我们选编了部分自学考试真题和各个高校历年考研真题,以便考生更好地了解本章重点。这样，学生可以更有针对性地进行各章节的学习和复习。虽然该部分略有难度,但对考研和自考的学生都很有帮助;第三部分为英语语言学综合模拟试卷, 内容紧扣《英语语言学概论》， 针对性很强,适用于英语专业各类考生；第四部分为江苏省自学考试英语语言学概论部分考试样题及参考答案。本书的习题主要包括以下七种类型：问答题、选择题、填空题、名词解释、是非判断题、汉英术语互译题、操作题。另外,为便于学习者了解考试--

语言学教程各章节练习及答案

语言学教程各章节练习及答案

1

Exercises to Linguistics

外语系

黄永亮

2 Chapter 1 Invitation to Linguistics

1. Define the following terms:

Langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech

community.

Parole: parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

Prescriptive: Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different types of linguistic study. if the

linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard” behaviour in using

language, i.e. to tell people what they should day and what they should not say, it is said

to be prescriptive.

Descriptive: Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different types of linguistic study. If a

linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said

to be descriptive;

competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.