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Heading the list of technology attracting all this attention is the SmartVision scale, a METTLER TOLEDO solution using IBM picture recognition software that can automatically identify the type of fruits and vegetables placed on a scale.Outfitted with a small digital camera that instant-ly identifies the fruit or vegetable being weighed, the SmartVision scale then prints out the appro-priate price label. This is all accomplished by an integration of IBM recognition software run-ning on the open platform METTLER TOLEDO UC scale. The software analyzes input from the digital web cam, including the color, texture, shape and size of the food placed on the scale. When the program is not sure about an item, it conveniently provides a selection of choices for the shopper to choose from on a touchscreen.Though SmartVision technology is still being proven, several large retailers from all over the world have expressed immediate interest in the system to simplify the process of identifying fruits and vegetables for shoppers.SmartVision - The Future of Fresh(Rheinberg, Germany) Customers of The Metro Group, the fifth largest retailer in the world, are fascinated with some recently introduced high-tech equipment in the compa-ny’s Future Store in Rheinberg. The next challenge is for METTLER TOLEDO to transform the technology into a real product, offering the accuracy, quality, and price attrac-tiveness required by the retail market. In Europe, it is standard for shoppers to print barcode labels in the fruit and vegetable sec-tion that are scanned at checkout later. In the US, the SmartVision solution can speed up self-checkout systems where customers today are required to use product-look-up screens at checkout or to wait for a clerk to punch in a produce-identifying number.The SmartVision solution from METTLER TOLEDO is a good example of how the PC-based UC Scale can easily integrate with ad-vanced software solutions as well as with hard-ware using state-of-the-art interfaces. Focused on fresh solutions, the new line of UC scales can future-proof the retailer’s business by eas-ily integrating best-of-breed technologies from around the world.SmartVision Scale is easy to use and is a big hit with customers.cal areas of your store operation.We take our position as global leader quite seri-ously. We know that the fresh areas of your store have a direct impact on your shoppers view of you, and that if they are run efficiently, fresh op-erations can contribute handsomely to your prof-its. As the technology leader, METTLER TOLEDO has the ability and desire to help you create ap-plications to revolutionize how you manage your fresh products. Then once you’ve installed one of METTLER TOLEDO’s amazing solutions, our service teams will keep you up-and-running smoothly.We hope you will contact us to share your vision-ary ideas for managing fresh - we want to help you make them happen. Best regards,Brian HipsherGlobal Marketing ManagerWelcome to the first edition of Retail News. The stories in this newsletter will show you how the METTLER TOLEDO retail team is helping retail-ers all over the world manage freshness. In these pages you can read about cutting-edge technolo-gies, innovative solutions to customer problems, and retailer success stories. We hope that access to this information will allow you, our global customers, to benefit from the successes of oth-er retailers who face similar challenges.As the world’s largest manufacturer of weigh-ing instruments in lab, retail food, and indus-trial applications, MT is recognized as offering the world’s finest weighing solutions. Our cus-tomers quickly learn that what we offer goes far beyond simple weighing. In fact, most of our products now allow unlimited connectivity and advanced data management capabilities.An exciting example would be our SmartVision solution featured on the cover of this issue. As a company, METTLER TOLEDO is committed to creating fresh solutions for one of the most criti-1900 Polaris Parkway Columbus, Ohio 43240TEL. (800) 883-2171 (614) 438-4511FAX (614) 438-4900Brian HipsherDel Graf***********************************Retail News Volume 1January, 2004©Mettler-Toledo, Inc. 2004ContentsRetail News 1SmartVision - The Future of FreshTouchscreen Lowers Training Costs Next Generation Etica Prepack Labelers Pathmark Selects METTLER TOLEDO Solution to Out-Of-Stock Shelves Carnivar Selects METTLER TOLEDOGet Fresh with METTLER TOLEDOThe METTLER TOLEDO SmartVision ScaleFor more information visit:/retailTouchscreen Lowers Training Costsdeli scale into a meat scale or a bakery scale with a couple of keystrokes,” Miller says. “I’ve seen people learn these scales in five minutes.”Consolidation in the supermarket industry is making the operations side of the business more complex. Now, a deli category manager might have 300 stores to manage instead of 30. Touchscreen scales are easier to expand for pro-motions than alternative interfaces that may re-quire software or manual programming changes and perhaps new hardware and individual site visits. With a touchscreen scale, menu changes“I’ve seen people learn these scales in five minutes.”The average supermarket with 33.3 full-time and 56.4 part-time employees, could lose as much as $26,673 annually in training costs because of employee turnover. An average deli or meat de-partment could spend 20 percent or more of that money just training people to use scales.Supermarkets clearly need a training edge, and nowhere in a typical supermarket is this truer than in the deli and meat departments, where individual customer orders need to be quick and accurate. Slow down the process with new em-ployees who can’t figure out the technology and the store loses sales and irritates customers wait-ing in line. Many leading retailers have begun to use touchscreen scale systems in an attempt to sidestep intensive training and avoid related slowdowns.“I started in the meat cutting industry in 1968 working on a system with lots of steps for every transaction,” says Mike Towles, a meat depart-ment employee at a Sav-A-Lot store in Florence, Ky. “The touch screen scale is the easiest thing I’ve ever seen. It practically trains you itself. If you make a mistake you press clear, the system checks it out and gets you back on track.”Mike Miller, information technology director atAndronico’s Market in Albany, California, looks for new technology that solves a problem or cre-ates a competitive or operational ler says he chose the touch screen scale from METTLER TOLEDO because it’s good for overflow transactions and training, and its functioning is consistent across departments. “We can turn aA welcome side effect generated by the easy-to-use touchscreen scales is a corresponding savings in training costs. The training cost for a new employee is $1,770 for the first three months of employment, according to the book “Build and Keep a Strong Workforce: Hire, Train and Manage for Retention,” by Ann Jones.Touchscreen Scales feature an intuitive combination screen and keyboard.can be applied to the system instantly so promo-tions can be launched with relative ease.For category managers a touchscreen helps inpromotion of a particular product, quickly gath-ering information for management decisions,including product information, totals, and other specifics.These operation and promotional efficiencies, combined with continual savings in training costs, make touchscreen scales an ideal solution for supermarkets desiring to improve productiv-ity and cut costs.Exciting Next Generation Etica Prepack LabelersThe New Etica 2300 with Built-In Label PrinterMETTLER TOLEDO proudly introduces the next generation of Etica Prepack Systems. This substantial effort focused on realizing fundamental improvements in the human to machine interface. The engineers at METTLER TOLEDO worked closely with Europe’s leading automatic stretch wrapper suppliers to design performance enhancing and cost-effective weigh-wrap-label system solutions.Truly User FriendlyPictorial icons guide the operator intuitively through setup and operation. Soft keys adjacent to the graphic icons reduce nearly every opera-tion to just one or two keystrokes. The savings to users of reduced operator training, increased operating efficiency, and reduction of errors will pay for these new machines in less than one year. The 5.7” graphic screen is available in either grey tones (standard) or color (optional).Modular DesignThe Etica family of Prepack labelers includes both manual and automatic labelers constructed of flexible “building blocks.” Choose the com-bination and configuration that meets unique budget and operational requirements. METTLER TOLEDO will help you select the operator display, memory capacity, IT connections, degree of auto-mation, and desired integration kits to perfectly meet your needs. Never again is the customer required to accept the “one size fits all” concept promoted by some suppliers.Integration with Automatic Wrappers The engineers at METTLER TOLEDO worked closely with Europe’s leading automatic stretch wrapper suppliers to design performance en-hancing and cost-effective weigh-wrap-label sys-tem solutions. Achieving a small system footprint means the systems require only slightly more floor space than the wrapper alone. The graphic display on the Etica will track individual packages through each work station in the system. If nec-essary to clear a damaged package, one keystroke deletes the related transaction information from the production totals.State-of-the-Art Ergonomics and Sani-tary DesignCareful design attention throughout ensures the housing is easy to clean. The printer housing tilts and rotates allowing convenient label loading and easy access for cleaning. Certain models are available with a unique anti-adhesive coating to prevent scale labels from sticking to the printer housing.Leading-EdgeIndustrial PC TechnologyEtica labelers are compatible with typical Ethernet networks. Modular architecture makes it easy to upgrade CPU performance or memory to chang-ing requirements. A large range of options and peripherals give flexibility for meeting unique re-quirements (wireless network cards, hard disks, external keyboards, bar code scanners, etc.)Patented Label ApplicatorThe unique Etica label applicator does not re-quire an air compressor allowing savings oninitial equipment expense and ongoing mainte-nance costs. Labels are positively and gently ap-plied to the package in the desired position.Users are amazed by the Gyro version of Etica,which automatically rotates to place the labelin any corner of the package, in any orienta-tion. Users will have a new degree of freedom inplanning their fresh meat case display layouts tomaximize both product presentation and impactwith the consumer.The Gyro Printer applies labels in any orientation.Etica 2400 and Gyro Printer System on Ulma WrapperEtica 2400 System on Mega Wrapper There’s even More!Every detail of Etica labelers has been carefullythought out to deliver outstanding value andreliability. Of course, traceability functional-ity is standard with all the Etica labelers. Ourusers really appreciate the Etica machine’sthorough operator support, including multiplechoice lists and scrolling menus. METTLERTOLEDO even provides our users with a casesensitive Help Guide for Etica labeler operatorsand supervisors. With the Etica’s introduction,Mettler Toledo is clearly at the forefront of in-novation and product performance for Prepacklabelers.Pathmark Selects METTLER TOLEDO SofTechnics Application“Pathmark Stores is pleased to be partnering with SofTechnics and implementing the CT2020® suite of applications,” said Bob Schoening, Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer. “We are anticipating that CT2020® is themanagement solution we need to optimize in-ventory and pricing at the store level and beyond. In addition we will be replacing our current DSD with SofTechnics’ receiving application including receiver scan, DEX/NEX, and vendor scan, andinstalling their item verification (SPA)”. The METTLER TOLEDO Retail Software & Integration Organization is excited to be selected by Pathmark to provide the solutions that are critical to the success of Pathmark. This manage-ment package will result in enhanced customer satisfaction, inventory optimization and price integrity, according to Guy Dille, Global Business Unit Leader, Retail Software & Integration for Mettler-Toledo, Inc....CT2020® is the management solution we need to optimizeinventory and pricing at the store level and beyond.About SofTechnicsMettler-Toledo, Inc. acquired SofTechnics in 2002. SofTechnics is the leading provider of mobile price and inventory management solutions for the retail industry.SofTechnics’ proven mobile computing applications have been implemented by many of the largest retailers in North America.The industry acceptance of these applications is the result of a combination of 20 years of experience developing mobile applications and the extensive retail backgrounds of the associates of SofTechnics.METTLER TOLEDO announced last month that Pathmark Stores, Inc. (NASDAQ: PTMK), one of the USA’s leading supermarket retailers, has selected its SofTechnics’ CT2020® In-Store Management Suite of applications.Pathmark operates 143 supermarkets in the New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia metropolitan areas, employing over 26,000 associates.The Better Solution to Out-of-Stock ShelvesThe ChallengeRetailers justify this practice based on experience and studies that demonstrate the negative impact of lost sales due to out-of-stocks. The apparent benefits of this practice are offset, however, by inventory carrying costs and the surplus goods in the “pipeline”.The SolutionRetailers have been applying technology to better manage their inventory levels to reduce out-of-stocks, reduce lost sales, improve stock turns, and lower the cost of excess stock. The solutions depend on automation to manage re-ordering, requiring accurate real-time item movement in-formation and inventory levels.Recently, United Supermarkets of Lubbock, Texas completed a pilot of SofTechnics tightly integrated Perpetual Inventory and Ordering solution ap-plications with Demand Forecasting and OrderOptimization applications from SAF-AG that suc-cessfully addressed the challenge.Working with SofTechnics and SAF, United se-lected three categories in two stores for the test: canned fruits and vegetables, household paper goods, and cold cereals. The two stores were se-lected because they were of average size for the chain and the store directors were open to partic-ipation in the pilot. Using more than two years of the retailer’s sales movement data, SofTechnics and SAF created a simulation that projected the potential inventory savings, out-of-stock reduc-tion, and sales increases that could have been realized by using the new applications. The SofTechnics/SAF approach utilizes the wire-less applications in CT2020® to provide data where and when needed, combined with SAF’s superstore application to provide fully auto-mated replenishment, automated perpetual inventory, and optimization of inventory units and dollars. These CT2020 applications provide the tools and data required by SAF superstore to generate the demand forecast and consider inventory levels to create a fully optimized or-der for each SKU. The ResultsPilot results show inventory reductions of 15% to 20%. A significant benefit of these reductions is better measured by the decrease in inven-tory from an average of 13.9 days of inventoryper SKU to 9.5 days. The pilot also provided the flexibility of utilizing additional shelf space made available by the reduced inventory.“There is a better so-lution to out-of-stocks than filling shelves tocapacity,” says United Supermarkets ScottGilmour, Vice President and CIO. “Over the lastseveral years, innovative technologies have beendeveloped with the intent of helping retailers to better manage their inventory levels, reducing lost sales due to out-of-stocks, improving stockturns, and lowering the cost of excess inventory. These solutions depend upon the use of auto-mation to manage re-ordering, a process that in turn requires accurate real-time information about item movement and inventory levels. The SofTechnics/SAF approach provides the toolsrequired to meet our inventory optimization objectives.”Pilot results show inventoryreductions of 15% to 20%.Supermarket operators and other retailers have traditionally ensured a strong in-stock position by carrying an extra measure of safety inventory on the shelf and in the ware-house.Carnivar Selects METTLER TOLEDO SolutionsThe Challenge(France) Carnivar, a chain of 21 supermarketsin the south of France specializing in butchery,decided to improve its traceability manage-ment. Equipped with a competitor’s scales, Carnivar wanted to automate their process to be more competitive with hypermarket chains like Carrefour or Cora. Carnivar asked their incum-bent supplier and METTLER TOLEDO to present their food product management software to theCarnivar IT Group.The Solution The METTLER TOLEDO France Sales Team de-veloped a food product management software, KEOPS, to answer the specific needs of the French key accounts.Already in use at Carrefour, Cora, Auchan and Leclerc’s, KEOPS allows the retailer to manage scales manually at the scale or remotely using KHEOPS. Prices can be changed, scales con-figured, and sales added either at the scale or remotely with a KEOPS terminal located in thecompany’s back offices.KEOPS also provides the ability to track a prod-uct in the system at any moment, where it came from, what weight has been worked, and when the product can no longer be sold. Operators can be alerted when they are close to finishing a lot or when they overrun its weight. In addition to remote scale configuration andstate-of-the-art product tracking, KEOPS com-piles data into detailed reports, so the company can access real time sales data, turnover, mar-gins calculated by suppliers, sellers’ activity, etc. on a monthly, weekly, or daily basis.KEOPS is a complete product that improvesprofitability, saves valuable time for the store’s operators and, most importantly, is easy to use with a Microsoft Windows Interface.The ResultA big success! Impressed by the demonstra-tion and by the possibilities that KEOPS offered, Carnivar chose METTLER TOLEDO as their unique scale supplier, and it replaced all the ex-isting company’s scales with METTLER TOLEDO products. The ConclusionEach local METTLER TOLEDO team is ready to satisfy specific local needs for retailers using in-dustry best practices. Good software with back-office integration, an easy-to-use interface, and detailed reports can lead to customer confidence and satisfaction.“ Good software with back-office integration, an easy-to-use interface, and detailed reports can lead to customer confidence and satisfaction.”METTLER TOLEDO Retail ContactsAustraliaTEL. 61 3 9644 5710AustriaTEL. 43 1 604 19 80BelgiumTEL. 32 2 334 02 11CanadaTEL. 1 416 485 0070ChinaTEL. 86 519 664 20 40 Czech RepublicTEL. 420 2 72 123 150CroatiaTEL. 385 1 29 58 137FranceTEL. 33 01 30 97 17 17HungaryTEL. 36 1 288 40 40GermanyTEL. 49 641 50 70PolandTEL. 48 22 651 9232RussiaTel. 48 22 651 92 32SlovakiaTEL. 421 2 43427496SloveniaTEL. 386 1 5308 058SpainTEL. 34 93 223 76 00SE AsiaTel. 65 6890 00 11SwitzerlandTEL. 41 1 944 45 45USATEL. 180****2171TEL. 1 614 438 4511United KingdomTEL. 44 116 235 7070All other countries TEL. 41 1 944 22 11SofTechnics, USATEL. 133****1698Exact Equipment, USATEL. 1 215 295 2000。

UG235.09: Developing NCP Applications with Silicon Labs Connect v2.xThis chapter of the Connect v2.x User’s Guide describes how todevelop Network Co-processor (NCP) applications with Silicon Labs Connect. The Connect stack is delivered as part of the Sili-con Labs Proprietary Flex SDK. The Connect v2.x User’s Guide assumes that you have already installed the Simplicity Studio de-velopment environment and the Flex SDK, and that you are fa-miliar with the basics of configuring, compiling, and flashing Con-nect-based applications. Refer to UG235.01: Developing Code with Silicon Labs Connect v2.x for an overview of the chapters in the Connect v2.x User’s Guide.The Connect v2.x User’s Guide is a series of documents that provides in-depth infor-mation for developers who are using the Silicon Labs Connect Stack for their applica-tion development. If you are new to Connect and the Proprietary Flex SDK, see QSG138: Proprietary Flex SDK v2.x Quick Start Guide.Proprietary is supported on all EFR32FG devices. For others, check the device's data sheet under Ordering Information > Protocol Stack to see if Proprietary is supported. In Proprietary SDK version 2.7.n, Connect is not supported on EFR32xG22.KEY POINTS•Introduces the NCP.•Discusses NCP and Host applications.•Describes how to compile the two different types of applications.•Explains the Connect Serial Protocol.1. IntroductionNCP stands for Network Co-processor. By adding a Wireless Gecko (EFR32™) System on Chip (SoC) in NCP mode to their system,customers can implement a Connect-based wireless application that leverages the EFR32 Radio feature set. The original customer ap-plication (running on a Host device—PC, MCU) interfaces to and controls the NCP through the Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) interface as shown in the following figure.Note: NCP should not be confused with virtual Network Co-processor (vNCP). For more information on vNCP, see AN1153: Develop-ing Connect vNCP Applications with Micrium OS .Messages sent from the Host to the NCP are known as commands . Messages sent from the NCP to the Host are known as callbacks .To carry commands and responses between a Host processor and an NCP, Connect uses the Asynchronous Serial Host version 3(ASHv3) protocol. The Connect NCP commands and responses are encapsulated into ASHv3 messages. For details on the ASHv3protocol, see UG115: ASHv3 Protocol Reference .The NCP platform can also be loaded with a correctly-configured serial bootloader (bootloader-uart-xmodem ). For additional informa-tion regarding this bootloader approach, see. UG235.06: Bootloading and OTA with Silicon Labs Connect .IntroductionNCP and Host Applications 2. NCP and Host ApplicationsIn the NCP approach, a typical Connect-based application is divided into two separate applications that each implement one of the dis-tinct roles: NCP and Host. The NCP runs on the EFR32, while the Host application runs on the Host device.2.1 NCP Application (SoC)The NCP application runs on the EFR32 and supports communication with a Host application over a UART interface. The NCP applica-tion can be built as configured, or optionally can be augmented with customizations for target hardware, initialization, main loop pro-cessing, event definition/handling, and messaging with the Host. Silicon Labs provides two example NCP applications:•project name: ncp-uart-hw uses hardware flow control.•project name: ncp-uart-sw uses software flow control.These NCP applications can be used out-of-the-box without any modification.2.2 Host ApplicationThe Host application can be compiled to almost any device with a suitable amount of memory and one free UART. The Host application examples are implemented for the Linux operating system. It is the customer's responsibility to port these to alternative systems as needed. Currently, Simplicity Studio does not support compilation for the Host architecture. Thus, compilation of the executable is only possible from outside of the Simplicity Studio environment (for example, from the command line). All Connect applications which are provided as standalone SoC applications are also available as NCP + Host applications.Physical layer (PHY) parameters can be set only at compile time and only in the NCP application. Radio parameters are not configura-ble on the Host side.Compiling NCP and Host Applications 3. Compiling NCP and Host Applications3.1 Compiling the NCP ApplicationThe procedure for compiling the NCP application is identical to that for any other Connect-based EFR32 application. Use Application Builder (AppBuilder) if any configuration of the "stock" examples is necessary (radio parameters, plugins, events, etc.).3.2 Compiling the Host ApplicationSimilar to the NCP case, use AppBuilder if any configuration of the Host application is necessary (plugins, events, etc.), then generate the project files. From this point, there are two ways to compile the application:•Cross-compile on the computer where Simplicity Studio is installed, using the target toolchain, and deploy to the target device (re-quires a cross-compiler toolchain for the Host device).•Compile on the target device using a native compiler (requires a copy of the SDK on the target device). (See the Note below.)To compile the application, open a terminal, navigate to the project's root directory, and issue the make -f <project-name>.mak com-mand. The project should be compiled cleanly and an executable named <project-name>-unix-host-app should be created in the directory build-<project-name>-unix-host.Note: Copy C:\SiliconLabs\SimplicityStudio\v4\developer\sdks\gecko_sdk_suite\<SDK-version> to the target device. Take care (and you may need to edit the make file) to match the directory levels expected by the make file to those on the target device. There is a special case: when Simplicity Studio is available for the target device (for example, the target device is an x86 PC with a Linux operating system), no further action is needed. Just compile the project as you would any other target application.The Connect stack API available to a Host application is nearly identical to the API in an NCP application, with the exception of a few calls that make sense only on one or the other. Functions are invoked with the same arguments and generate the same return values, the same callbacks and events govern stack behavior, etc. Therefore, when developing an NCP mode system, interaction with the Con-nect stack API by the Host application is largely identical to the development experience for an NCP application.4. Connect Serial ProtocolThe Connect Serial Protocol (CSP) is used by a Host application processor to interact with the Connect stack running on an NCP. CSP messages are sent between the Host and the NCP over a UART interface. CSP is a binary protocol encapsulated within the ASHv3 protocol. For details on the ASHv3 protocol, see UG115: ASHv3 Protocol Reference.Every API call from the application translates into a CSP message. The file csp-host.c contains the Host API implementation that converts API calls into serial commands and incoming serial commands into calls to the application callback functions. There is also a table mapping serial command IDs to handlers. All API calls are referenced by an identifier that must match on both the Host and the NCP side. The file csp-enum.h contains these identifiers.The csp-ncp.c is the NCP code that corresponds to csp-host.c. For every API in csp-host.c, a corresponding handler exists in csp-ncp.c; for every handler in csp-host.c, an API exists in csp-ncp.c that sends the callback arguments.The file csp-enum-decode.c contains the code to translate command IDs into strings.Note: Bear in mind that the files csp-host.c, csp-ncp.c, csp-enum-decode.c, and csp-enum.h are automatically generated so they are subject to change without notice.In general, the CSP works as follows:1.An API call at the Host generates a serial message that gets sent to the NCP.2.The Host spins waiting for a response from the NCP.3.The NCP, upon receiving a message from the Host, decodes the message and invokes the actual stack API.4.The NCP gets a return status from the API, packages it into a response, and sends it to the Host.5.The Host, which was waiting for the response, gets the response, which is the return value of the API call.6.Finally, the stack API call at the Host returns the actual return value.The following figure illustrates the typical CSP data flow.There are also API calls that do not require a response. In these cases, the Host sends a command and does not wait for a response as shown in the following figure.The third case occurs when an event is generated on the NCP side. In this case, the NCP sends the message and the corresponding callback function is invoked on the Host side as shown in the following figure.4.1 CSP Frame Format•Start of frame: 0x5A / '['•UART link type (management / non-management—currently only management (0x01) is in use)•Message length stored in 16 bits•Management type (see ncp-link.h)•Payload (for details, see section 4.2 CSP Payload Format)4.2 CSP Payload FormatThe payload of the CSP message consists of a 16-bit command identifier and the packed arguments (see binary-management.h).The formatBinaryManagementCommand() function packs the arguments into the CSP buffer and returns with the amount of space re-quired by the payload.Files to Port to Use NCP on a Specific Architecture / Platform 5. Files to Port to Use NCP on a Specific Architecture / PlatformMost of the files in a Host application can be used as is. Some functions, however, need to be ported to the target system:•halCommonGetInt32uMillisecondTick() (in system-timer.c)•emberSerialReadByte() (in simple-linux-serial.c)•putchar()Porting the above functions should result in a project that can be compiled for the target Host.Smart. Connected. Energy-Friendly.Products /productsQuality/qualitySupport and CommunitySilicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar ChavezAustin, TX 78701USADisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Without prior notification, Silicon Labs may update product firmware during the manufacturing process for security or reliability reasons. Such changes will not alter the specifications or the performance of the product. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied in this document. This document does not imply or expressly grant any license to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any FDA Class III devices, applications for which FDA premarket approval is required, or Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Silicon Labs disclaims all express and implied warranties and shall not be responsible or liable for any injuries or damages related to use of a Silicon Labs product in such unauthorized applications.Trademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, Clock B uilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, ISOmodem®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress® , Zentri, the Zentri logo and Zentri DMS, Z-Wave®, and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.。

*浙江中医药大学2008年科研基金资助课题(17108030)v 通信作者 E mail:zhouqing6893@直立时身体摇动的检测及其在人体平衡能力评价方面的应用*周青1v,江依法2(1.浙江中医药大学基础医学院解剖教研室,杭州310053;2.浙江中医药大学信息技术学院,杭州310053)摘要:利用摄像仪检测人体直立时的身体摇动并对人体平衡能力进行评估。

用摄像仪连续拍摄被检者直立时的背部标志,通过计算机获得标志的运动轨迹,计算出身体的摇动曲线,并与重心摇动仪的检查结果进行比较。

检测22位健康成人身体冠状面相当于一米高度的平均摇动速度(TSS)在开、闭眼时分别为(3.40?0.98)mm P s 和(4.70?1.47)mm P s 。

重心摇动检查开眼时的轨迹长(LNG)为(12.57?3.39)mm P s,闭眼时为(20.50?5.88)m m P s 。

TSS 与LNG 间的相关系数在开眼时为0.6321,闭眼时为0.6841,呈中度相关。

利用CCD 摄像仪可以精确测定站立时的身体摇动;TSS 值可以代替LNG 用于人体平衡能力的评估。

关键词:CCD 摄像仪;身体摇动;身体摇动速度;平衡能力;重心摇动中图分类号:R318 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-6278(2010)03-0186-04Measurement of Postural Sway on UprightStance and Postural Stability EvaluationZHOU Qing ,JIA NG Yifa(1.College o f Basic Medicine ,Zhe j iang University of Tra ditional Chinese Me dicine ,Hangzhou 310053,China ;2.College of In f ormation Technology ,Zhe j iang University o f Traditional Ch inese Medicine ,H angzhou 310053)Abstract :To es tablish a CCD video camera system that record postural sway directly and evaluate the postural stability.The video camera system recorded subjects c mark on upper back,with an analyzing software to figure out i t and described postural stability.The results of postural s way were compared wi th the results from C OP examination.The averaged TSS of 22subjects at a high of 1meter from the ground was (3.40?0.98)mm P s in eyes open and(4.70?1.47)mm P s in eyes c closed.Linear length of locus (LNG)was(12.57?3.39)mm P s in eyes c open,(20.50?5.88)m m P s in eyes c closed.The correlati on coefficient between TSS and LNG was 0.6321in eyes c open,0.6841in eyes c closed.TSS showed moderate correlated with LNG.The CCD video camera system is sui table for postural stabili ty measurement especially used the index of TSS and may become a prospective method for human beings balance abili ty evaluation.Key words :CCD Video Camera;Postural Sway;Trunk sway speed;Stability;Deviation of center-of-pressure1 引 言平衡机能的低下是引发老年跌倒的主要原因之一[1],平衡能力的测定已成为研究老年跌倒的发病机理和寻找预防老年跌倒的有效措施的重要评价手段。

PA VEMENT PROBLEMS CAUSEDBY COLLAPSIBLE SUBGRADESBy Sandra L. Houston,1 Associate Member, ASCE(Reviewed by the Highway Division)ABSTRACT: Problem subgrade materials consisting of collapsible soils are com- mon in arid environments, which have climatic conditions and depositional and weathering processes favorable to their formation. Included herein is a discussion of predictive techniques that use commonly available laboratory equipment and testing methods for obtaining reliable estimates of the volume change for these problem soils. A method for predicting relevant stresses and corresponding collapse strains for typical pavement subgrades is presented. Relatively simple methods of evaluating potential volume change, based on results of familiar laboratory tests, are used.INTRODUCTIONWhen a soil is given free access to water, it may decrease in volume,increase in volume, or do nothing. A soil that increases in volume is calleda swelling or expansive soil, and a soil that decreases in volume is called a collapsible soil. The amount of volume change that occurs depends on thesoil type and structure, the initial soil density, the imposed stress state, andthe degree and extent of wetting. Subgrade materials comprised of soils that change volume upon wetting have caused distress to highways since the be- ginning of the professional practice and have cost many millions of dollarsin roadway repairs. The prediction of the volume changes that may occur inthe field is the first step in making an economic decision for dealing withthese problem subgrade materials.Each project will have different design considerations, economic con-straints, and risk factors that will have to be taken into account. However,with a reliable method for making volume change predictions, the best design relative to the subgrade soils becomes a matter of economic comparison, anda much more rational design approach may be made. For example, typical techniques for dealing with expansive clays include: (1) In situ treatmentswith substances such as lime, cement, or fly-ash; (2) seepage barriers and/or drainage systems; or (3) a computing of the serviceability loss and a mod- ification of the design to "accept" the anticipated expansion. In order to makethe most economical decision, the amount of volume change (especially non- uniform volume change) must be accurately estimated, and the degree of road roughness evaluated from these data. Similarly, alternative design techniquesare available for any roadway problem.The emphasis here will be placed on presenting economical and simplemethods for: (1) Determining whether the subgrade materials are collapsible;and (2) estimating the amount of volume change that is likely to occur in the'Asst. Prof., Ctr. for Advanced Res. in Transp., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287.Note. Discussion open until April 1, 1989. To extend the closing date one month,a written request must be filed with the ASCE Manager of Journals. The manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on February 3, 1988. This paper is part of the Journal of Transportation.Engineering, V ol. 114, No. 6, November, 1988. ASCE, ISSN 0733-947X/88/0006-0673/$1.00 + $.15 per page. Paper No. 22902.673field for the collapsible soils. Then this information will place the engineerin a position to make a rational design decision. Collapsible soils are fre-quently encountered in an arid climate. The depositional process and for-mation of these soils, and methods for identification and evaluation of theamount of volume change that may occur, will be discussed in the following sections.COLLAPSIBLE SOILSFormation of Collapsible SoilsCollapsible soils have high void ratios and low densities and are typically cohesionless or only slightly cohesive. In an arid climate, evaporation greatly exceeds rainfall. Consequently, only the near-surface soils become wettedfrom normal rainfall. It is the combination of the depositional process andthe climate conditions that leads to the formation of the collapsible soil.Although collapsible soils exist in nondesert regions, the dry environment inwhich evaporation exceeds precipitation is very favorable for the formationof the collapsible structure.As the soil dries by evaporation, capillary tension causes the remainingwater to withdraw into the soil grain interfaces, bringing with it soluble salts,clay, and silt particles. As the soil continues to dry, these salts, clays, andsilts come out of solution, and "tack-weld" the larger grains together. Thisleads to a soil structure that has high apparent strength at its low, naturalwater content. However, collapse of the "cemented" structure may occurupon wetting because the bonding material weakens and softens, and the soilis unstable at any stress level that exceeds that at which the soil had been previously wetted. Thus, if the amount of water made available to the soilis increased above that which naturally exists, collapse can occur at fairlylow levels of stress, equivalent only to overburden soil pressure. Additionalloads, such as traffic loading or the presence of a bridge structure, add tothe collapse, especially of shallow collapsible soil. The triggering mechanismfor collapse, however, is the addition of water.Highway Problems Resulting from Collapsible SoilsNonuniform collapse can result from either a nonhomogeneous subgradedeposit in which differing degrees of collapse potential exist and/or from nonuniform wetting of subgrade materials. When differential collapse ofsubgrade soils occurs, the result is a rough, wavy surface, and potentiallymany miles of extensively damaged highway. There have been several re-ported cases for which differential collapse has been cited as the cause of roadway or highway bridge distress. A few of these in the Arizona and New Mexico region include sections of 1-10 near Benson, Arizona, and sectionsof 1-25 in the vicinity of Algadonas, New Mexico (Lovelace et al. 1982; Russman 1987). In addition to the excessive waviness of the roadway sur- face, bridge foundations failures, such as the Steins Pass Highway bridge,1-10, in Arizona, have frequently been identified with collapse of foundation soils.Identification of Collapsible SoilsThere have been many techniques proposed for identifying a collapsiblesoil problem. These methods range from qualitative index tests conducted on674disturbed samples, to response to wetting tests conducted on relatively un- disturbed samples, to in situ meausrement techniques. In all cases, the en- gineer must first know if the soils may become wetted to a water content above their natural moisture state, and if so, what the extent of the potential wetted zone will be. Most methods for identifying collapsible soils are only qualitative in nature, providing no information on the magnitude of the col- lapse strain potential. These qualitative methods are based on various func- tions of dry density, moisture content, void ratio, specific gravity, and At- terberg limits.In situ measurement methods appear promising in some cases, in that many researchers feel that sample disturbance is greatly reduced, and that a more nearly quantitative measure of collapse potential is obtainable. However,in situ test methods for collapsible soils typically suffer from the deficien-cy of an unknown extent and degree of wetting during the field test. This makes a quantitative measurement difficult because the zone of material being influenced is not well-known, and, therefore, the actual strains, in- duced by the addition of stress and water, are not well-known. In addition, the degree of saturation achieved in the field test is variable and usually unknown.Based on recently conducted research, it appears that the most reliable method for identifying a collapsible soil problem is to obtain the best quality undisturbed sample possible and to subject this sample to a response to wet- ting test in the laboratory. The results of a simple oedometer test will indicate whether the soil is collapsible and, at the same time, give a direct measureof the amount of collapse strain potential that may occur in the field. Potential problems associated with the direct sampling method include sample distur- bance and the possibility that the degree of saturation achieved in the field will be less than that achieved in the laboratory test.The quality of an undisturbed sample is related most strongly to the arearatio of the tube that is used for sample collection. The area ratio is a measure of the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample collected to the cross- sectional area of the sample tube. A thin-walled tube sampler by definition has an area ratio of about 10-15%. Although undisturbed samples are best obtained through the use of thin-walled tube samplers, it frequently occurs that these stiff, cemented collapsible soils, especially those containing gravel, cannot be sampled unless a tube with a much thicker wall is used. Samplers having an area ratio as great as 56% are commonly used for Arizona col- lapsible soils. Further, it may take considerable hammering of the tube to drive the sample. The result is, of course, some degree of sample distur- bance, broken.bonds, densification, and a correspondingly reduced collapse measured upon laboratory testing. However, for collapsible soils, which are compressive by definition, the insertion of the sample tube leads to local shear failure at the base of the cutting edge, and, therefore, there is less sample disturbance than would be expected for soils that exhibit general shear failure (i.e., saturated clays or dilative soils). Results of an ongoing studyof sample disturbance for collapsible soils indicate that block samples some- times exhibit somewhat higher collapse strains compared to thick-walled tube samples. Block samples are usually assumed to be the very best obtainable undisturbed samples, although they are frequently difficult-to-impossible to obtain, especially at substantial depths. The overall effect of sample distur- bance is a slight underestimate of the collapse potential for the soil.675译文：湿陷性地基引起的路面问题作者：...摘要：在干旱环境中，湿陷性土壤组成的路基材料是很常见的，干旱环境中的气候条件、沉积以及风化作用都有利于湿陷性土的形成。

CREVIS MV-BS20A May 19, 2010 Basics about thecameraCamera Descriptions▪ Effective resolution: 1360 ⨯ 1040 ⨯ 8-bit @ 15 fps.▪ Analog monochrome video output.▪ Progressive scan.▪ Internal or external sync.▪ Internal or external exposure control.▪ 28.6363 MHz pixel clock rate.Mode of operations as per Matrox Imaging (in parentheses as per camera manufacturer)Interface Mode▪ Continuous▪ Pseudo- continuous (Pulse Width Trigger) ▪ Asynchronous reset (Pulse Width Trigger)Basics about theinterface modesCamera Interface BriefsMode 1: Continuous▪ 1360 ⨯ 1040 ⨯ 8-bit @ 15 fps.▪ Analog monochrome video.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA sending horizontal and vertical sync signals tocamera.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA receiving video signals from camera.▪ DCF used: MV-BS20A_1360x1040Con.DCFMode 2: Pseudo-continuous▪ Up to 1360 ⨯ 1040 ⨯ 8-bit.▪ Analog monochrome video▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA sending EXPOSURE (EXT. TRIGGER IN) signal tocamera to initiate and control the exposure.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA sending horizontal and vertical sync signals tocamera.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA receiving video signals from camera.▪ DCF used: MV-BS20A_1360x1040Pcon.DCFContinued…CREVIS MV-BS20A May 19, 2010 Basics about theCamera Interface Briefsinterface modesMode 2: Pseudo-continuousMode 3: Asynchronous reset▪ Up to 1360 ⨯ 1040 ⨯ 8-bit.▪ Analog monochrome video▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA receiving external trigger signal.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA sending EXPOSURE (EXT. TRIGGER IN) signal tocamera to initiate and control the exposure.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA sending horizontal and vertical sync signals tocamera.▪ Matrox Solios eA/XA receiving video signals from camera.▪ DCF used: MV-BS20A_1360x1040Async.DCFSpecifics about theCamera Interface Detailsinterface modesMode 1: Continuous▪Frame rate: Matrox Solios eA/XA receives the continuous video from thecamera at 15 frames per second.▪Exposure time: Exposure time is determined by the shutter setting.Refer to the camera manual for more information.CREVIS MV-BS20A May 19, 2010 Specifics about theCamera Interface Details (cont.)interface modesMode 1: Continuous▪Camera switch settings: Refer to the camera manual for additionalinformation. External and internal switches for this mode should be set asfollows:External DIP Switch settings1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFFInternal Sync. Mode Switch: Set to INTERNALMode 2: Pseudo-continuous▪Frame rate: The Frame Rate is determined by the frequency of Timer1.The maximum possible frame rate is dependent on the exposure time aswell as the camera's frame readout period.▪Exposure time: The EXPOSURE (EXT. TRIGGER IN) signal initiatesand controls the exposure time. To modify the exposure time, change theTIMER1 active duration in the DCF using Matrox Intellicam or with theMIL MdigControl() function. Consult the camera manual for moreinformation.▪Camera settings: Refer to the camera manual for additional information.Switches for this mode should be set as follows:External DIP Switch settings1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFFInternal Sync. Mode Switch: Set to EXTERNALMode 3: Asynchronous Reset▪Frame rate: The frame rate is determined by the frequency of theexternal trigger signal. The maximum possible frame rate is dependent onthe exposure time as well as the camera’s frame readout period.▪Exposure time: The EXPOSURE (EXT. TRIGGER IN) signal initiatesand controls the exposure time. To modify the exposure time, change theTIMER1 active duration in the DCF using Matrox Intellicam or with theMIL MdigControl() function. Consult the camera manual for moreinformation.▪Camera settings: Refer to Mode 2: Pseudo-continuous.CREVIS MV-BS20A May 19, 2010Cabling details forthe interface modesCREVIS MV-BS20A May 19, 2010Cabling details forthe interface modesThe DCFs mentioned in this application note are also attached (embedded) to this PDF file – use the Adobe Reader’s View File Attachment to access the DCF files. The information furnished by Matrox Electronics System, Ltd. is believed to be accurate and reliable. Please verify all interface connections with camera documentation or manual. Contact your local sales representative or Matrox Sales office or Matrox Imaging Applications at 514-822-6061 for assistance. © Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd, 2010-2011.Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd.1055 St. Regis Blvd.Dorval, Quebec H9P 2T4CanadaTel: (514) 685-2630Fax: (514) 822-6273。