关于PLC的中英文对照翻译

PLC行业常用184个专业英语中英文词汇对照1. PLC 可编程逻辑控制器2. absolute 绝对位置3. absoluteoutput 绝对输出4 .actuator 执行器/作动器5. against 对比6. allocate 分配 7. alter 改变/修改8. ambient 环境周围ambient operating temperature 9. analog 模拟 analogoutput 10. analysis 分析 thecollection an and analysis of data 12. applicable 可用 the applicableCPU for the module13. assign 分配 14. back up battey 备用电池15. barcode reader/ID 条形码阅读器16. base unit 主基板17. baud 波特 18. beforehand 事先19. binary 二进制 20. buffer memory 缓冲存储器21. bus 总线22. case 外壳 do notremove the modules print board from the case23. characteristic 特征I/Ocharacterristic24. check 校验 the datalink status canbe checked25. child-station 子站26. common terminal 公共端27. compatible 兼容 compatiblewith the MODBUS protocol28. compound 混合 compoundsystem communication 29. condensation 结露30. condition 条件conditionsetting31. conductive 导电conductivemetal picees32. configuration 组态systemconfiguration33. configure 组态34. confirm 确认how toconfirm the operation of the module35. consumption 消耗currentconsumption36. content 目录37. control level 控制级38. convenient 方便 moreconvenient and easy-to-use39. conventionaly 传统whichconventionaly has been used 40. conversion 转换 Analog-Digital conversion module41. converter 转换器42. conveyor 传送 conveyorline 43. corrosive 腐蚀 corrosivegas 44. countermeasure 对策。

Programmable logic controllerA programmable logic controller (PLC） or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines，amusement rides，or lighting fixtures。

PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general—purpose computers，the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges，immunity to electrical noise，and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory。

A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.1.HistoryThe PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry。

原文：PLC Communication using PROFINET: ExperimentalResults and AnalysisAbstractPROFINET is the Industrial Ethernet Standard devised by PROFIBUS International for “Ethernet on the plant floor”. PROFINET allows to implement a comprehensive communications solution on Ethernet which includes peer-to-peer communication between controllers, distributed I/O, machine safety, motion control and data acquisition. In this paper an analysis is conducted on the peer-to-peer interlocking performance based on PROFINET specification. Tests were performed to determine the performance of the peer-to-peer communication mechanism, to evaluate the impact of switches on the system, and to measure the impact of data size on peer-to-peer communication performance. The paper summarizes the test results. 1.IntroductionAlthough a wide variety of networks and fieldbuse s have been used in the manufacturing industry over the past decade [1], the widespread adoption of Ethernet as a de facto standard in other domains (e.g., the internet) has made it an attractive option to consider. The increased network speed and the reduced cost of devices has further heightened interest. The introduction of switched Ethernet has allowed formore deterministic behavior and alleviated many of the concerns about unbounded delays [2, 3, 4]. Ethernet is already being widely used as a diagnostic network in manufacturing systems and is making inroads into the control networking domain [5, 6].However, standard Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) is not a deterministic protocol, and network quality of service cannot be guaranteed. To address this inherent nondeterminism, different “flavors” of Ethernet have been proposed for use in industrial automation. Several of these add layers on top of standard Ethernet or on top of the TCP/IP protocol suite to enable the behavior of Ethernet to be moredeterministic [7]. However, the network solutions may no longer be “Ethernet” other than at the physical layer.Since time delay is an important issue in control systems, there have been a number of projects devoted to analyzing and experimentally testing network performance for use in control systems. It has been shown that the largest component of the time delay in sending messages from one node to another is typically not on the network itself, but rather the application layer that interfaces to the network [8, 9]. Experimental analyses have been carried out to specifically address the issue of delays in switched Ethernet [10, 4]. However, due to the relatively recent introduction of commercial devices that implement the new industrial Ethernet protocols, there have been only a few published accounts of their actual performance [11, 12].Over the past six months, our group at the University of Michigan has undertaken an industrial Ethernet testing project [13]. The goal of the project was to evaluate the suitability of real-time Ethernet for peer-to-peer communication between PLCs on a factory floor. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of our tests on PROFINET, and discuss our findings.The outline of the paper is as follows. In Section II, we summarize how PROFINET enables real-time communication over Ethernet. In Section III, we describe the tests that were performed. Section IV presents the results of those tests, and conclusions are given in Section V.2.PROFINET CBA with Real-Time Channel Communication PROFINET distinguishes two views: PROFINET IO for integration of distributed I/O and PROFINET CBA (Component Based Automation) for creation of peer-to-peer communication and interlocking between controllers in modular plants (Figure 1)All other PROFINET applications such as safety, motion control, and HMI (Human Machine Interface) are based on these communication modes. PROFINET communication is scalable in three levels: PROFINET TCP/IP Communication (NRT) enables cycle times as low as 100 ms, PROFINET Real-Time Communication (RT) enables cycle times up to 1-10 ms and Isochronous Real-Time Communication (IRT) enables cycle times up to 1 ms with Jitter less than 1µs.Component based communication is realized through PROFINET CBA which uses selectively the TCP/IP or the Real-Time (RT) channel. Communication for distributed I/O is implemented through PROFINET I/O which uses Real-Time and Isochronous Real-Time (IRT) communication.PROFINET Real-Time Channel The PROFINET Real Time Channel is a cyclic communication path used by individual stations to exchange time critical data at periodic intervals specified by the programmer. It is based on the IEEE and IEC definition s [14], which only permit a limited time for execution of Real-Time services within a bus cycle. Real-Time data are handled with higher priority than Non-Real-Time (NRT) data. The tightness of the window depends on the Real-Time characteristics. The Real-Time mechanism is based on Layer 2 of the OSI model and several protocol layers are omitted. Thus the communication overhead associated with preparing data, transferring it and making it available to the overlying application for use are reduced. Using Ethereal it was found that the total overhead associated with Cyclic Real Time communication is 56 bytes.3.Tests PerformedThe following tests were designed to measure the impact of system parameters on peer-to-peer interlocking performance using PROFINET CBA with RTcommunication method. The system parameters include data size and number of switches. The tests are vendor neutral so that any implementation can be configured to undergo each test. Connection failures or errors are not included in this test plan. To perform tests the following equipment was used: one computer with Matlab and the protocol analyzer Ethereal, SIMATIC iMap and STEP7 as configuration software, five switches from Hirschmann and two Siemens SIMATIC PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). The PLCs were configured using the factory defaults for processor and communication allocation options. The Hirschmann switches (100Mbps) were configured for port speed auto negotiation. Due to the fact that PROFINET is based on Unicast communication the Multic ast functionality was not configured in the switches.3.1 PerformanceMetricsThe performance metrics analyzed are PLC1 Packet Time Interval and Round Trip Time Interval.PLC1 Packet Time Interval is the time between two successive transmittals of packets from PLC1. Ideally, the PLC1 Packet Time Interval is always exactly the same as the configured update interval in the PLC. However, in practice there is some variability associated with this interval. The experimental results that follow summarize the average (mean value) and the jitter (standard deviation) of the PLC1 packet time interval. These metrics (mean and standard deviation) are important, as they give ameasure of the determinismthat can be obtained for realtime control using PROFINET.Round Trip Time Interval is defined as the Time Interval needed for a packet from PLC1 to reach PLC2, be echoed and come back to PLC1. Consider a test where PLC1 generates data and PLC2 echoes themback to PLC1 through a switch.Figure 2 shows the timing chart for the communication between PLC1 and PLC2 where PLC1 sends messages at T1, T2, T3,. . . and PLC2 echoes at t1, t2, t3,. . . . PLC1 Packet Time Interval should be equal to the configured update interval on PLC1, and PLC2 Packet Time Interval should be equal to configured update interval on PLC2. If the echo from PLC2 arrives before T2, then the round trip counter getsincremented and the new value is transmitted from PLC1 at T2. Since the increment of the round trip counter is taken for calculation of the Round Trip Time Interval, in this case it should be equal to the PLC1 Packet Time Interval. Consider the case when t1 shifts relative to T2. Then the echo fromPLC2 is received after T2, and the round trip counter is not incremented in themessage transmitted from PLC1 at T2. Hence, the Round Trip Time Interval becomes twice the PLC1 Packet Time Interval.Figure 2. Timing chartFrom the above observations it is noticed that Round Trip Time interval mean and standard deviation are also important as measures of the degree of synchronization for real-time control using PROFINET.3.2 Test DescriptionsTest1: Benchmark Test1 is the benchmark test. The other tests are compared to Test1. In this test PLC1 generates eight bytes of data and PLC2 echoes it back to PLC1 through a switch. PLC1 uses the last 4 bytes (dint) of the data for a new data received counter. PLC1 increments this counter as discussed in section 3.1.To perform measurements, a PC running Ethereal was connected to the managed switch which connects to the PLCs. All packets going to and from PLC2 and theirrespective timestamps were mirrored onto this port.Test2: Network Switches The objective of Test2 is to evaluate the impact that switches introduce to the system. The number of switches between two PLCs is the test variable. The same variables are measured as in Test1. We will consider the case of three and five switches between the PLCs.Test3: Size of Data The objective of Test3 is to measure the impact of data size on peer-to-peer communication performance. The test variable is the data size. Measurements are performed as described in Test1. We will consider two cases. In the first case 216 bytes of unused data, in the second 440 bytes of unused data.4.Test ResultsIn performing the tests and analyzing the results a data capture of 5000 packets per PLC is considered in order to assess the timing performance. The average and standard deviation values of PLC1 Packet Time Interval and Round Trip Time Interval are measured in milliseconds and rounded off to th ree significant digits after the decimal point. All tests are performed with an update time of 8ms which is typical for these applications in the factory. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the benchmark test results, PLC1 Packet Time Interval, Round Trip Time Interval histogram, and Round Trip Time Interval scattering diagram respectively. We can notice the highly deterministic behavior of the network. Since we are using the PROFINET RT protocol a similar behavior is expected also from the other tests.Figure 3. Test1 PLC1 Packet Time Interval histogram4.1 Network SwitchesTo evaluate the impact that switches introduce to the system, data results from Test1 will be compared to those obtained from Test2. Tables 1 and 2 show that, in the case of three or five switche s between two PLCs, there are no significant changes between the two tests. PLCs Packet Time Interval and Round Trip Time Interval present the same average value and similar standard deviation. Figure 6 shows the histogram of round trip time interval for Test2 which is close to that of Test1 (Figure 4). As expected the switches do not alter the performance metrics. Similar resultswere found in [10].Figure 4. Test1 Round Trip Time Interval histogramFigure 5. Test1 Round Trip Time Interval scattering diagramFigure 6. Test2 Round Trip Time Interval histogram, case with 3 switches4.2 Size of DataBy comparing the results of Test1 and Test3 we will measure the impact of data size on peer-to-peer communication performance. As observed in Tables 1 and 2, PLC1 packet and Round Trip Time Interval average values are the same. In both PLC1 packet and Round Trip Time Intervals there is a decrease of value in standard deviation. Figure 7 shows the Round Trip Time Interval of Test3 with three switches which behaves like Test1 round trip interval (Figure 4). From the results obtained (Tables 1 and 2) we can conclude that data size does not impact Packet and RoundTrip Time Interval.Figure 7. Test3 Round Trip Time Interval histogram, case with 216 bytes 5.ConclusionsTo measure the impact of data size carried by a packet and switches on a PROFINET CBA with RT communication based network three tests were designed. Test1, represented by a simple network made of two PLCs and one switch, was used as benchmark. Figures 3, 4 and 5 showed the deterministic behavior of the network. Test2 is similar to Test1 but instead of one switch, three to five have been used. Test3 is also similar to Test1 but, instead of using 8 bytes data per packet, 216 and 440 bytes were used. To investigate the delay introduced by the switches Test1 and Test2 results were compared. The impact of data size was analyzed by comparing Test1 and Test3. Results show that PLC1 Packet Time Interval and Round Trip Time Interval are unaffected by data size per packet and number of switches. AcknowledgementsThis work was supported in part by the Engineering Research Center for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9529125. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support received from General Motors Powertrain, Siemens and Hirschmann in thecompletion of the tests.References[1] J.-P. Thomesse, “Fieldbus Technology in Industrial Automation”, Proc. of theIEEE, vol. 93, no. 6, 2005.[2] J. M oyne and F. Lian, “Design considerations for a sensor bus system insemiconductor manufacturing”, in International SEMATECH AEC/APC Workshop XII, 2000.[3] P. G. Otanez, J. T. Parrott, J. R.Moyne, and D. M. Tilbury, “The Implications ofEthernet as a Co ntrol Network”, in Proc. of the Global Powertrain Congress, 2002.[4] K. C. Lee and S. Lee, “Performance evaluation of switched Ethernet fornetworked control systems”, in Proc. of IEEE Conf. of the Industrial Electronics Society, volume 4, 2002.[5] J.-D. Decotignie, “Ethernet-Based Real-Time and Industrial Communications”,Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 93, no. 6, 2005.[6] J. Montague, “Networks Busting Out All Over”, Control Engineering, vol. 52, no.3, March 2005.[7] M. Felser, “Real-Time Ethernet—Indus try Prospective”, Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 93,no. 6, 2005.[8] F.-L. Lian, J. R. Moyne, and D. M. Tilbury, “Network Design Consideration forDistributed Control Systems”, IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, vol.10, no. 2, 2002.[9] J. T. Parrott, J. R. Moyne, and D. M. Tilbury, “Experimental Determination ofNetwork Quality of Service in Ethernet: UDP, OPC, and VPN”, in Proc. of the American Control Conf., 2006.[10] E. V onnahme, S. Ruping, and U. Ruckert, “Measurements in switched Ethernetne tworks used for automation systems”, in Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 2000.[11] P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, and S. Vitturi, “Response Times Evaluation ofPROFINETNetworks”, in Proc. of the IEEE Int. Symposium on IndustrialElectronics, 2005.[12] P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D.Marioli, and A. Taroni, “Experimental evaluation ofPROFINET performance”, in Proc.of the IEEE Int.Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), 2004.[13] K. Acton, S. Mantri, J. Parrott, N. Kalappa, M. Antolovic, J. Luntz, J. Moyne,and D. Tilbury, “UM-ERC Industrial Ethernet Evaluation Project: Peer-to-peer Interlockign Performance Report”, Technical report, University of Michigan Engineering Research Center for Reconfigurable Manufactu ring Systems, February 2006.[14] M. Popp, K. Weber, “The Rapid Way to PROFINET”,Editor PROFIBUSNutzeroranisation e.V., 2004.译文：PROFINET在PLC通讯中的使用：实验结果及分析摘要：PROFINET是国际现场总线在“以太网物理层”分离出来的工业以太网标准。

附录外文资料PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best pathWe come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but theexportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipmentses, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can't is tolerant of. Newtechnique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, it combines with the PLC to our larger space.HMI the control not only only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think ° to be good very.At a lot of situations, the list is is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.The PLC correspondence has already come more more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the datas to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.The form that information transport contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workses .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but can't give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 and can can send out similar to accept the data, but can't send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can't answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in can'ting have an error margins in a datas deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipmentses, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments...etc., in compare the one data deliver,its result is very good.And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not the mistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.A line of transmission of the information contain a string of and combine the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiationses are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to carry on the long range control. But combine the oscular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of oscular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to depositted the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop tostart up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC, also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.Each equipments always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, that is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops alloperations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again.Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work.Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some datas of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establishtime that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily. A state software can pass all se hardwares link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make airship go up the sky.The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain.The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.摘自《可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展》中文翻译可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象.人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制，那已经是时代的过去，如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制，使得自动化走向了新的高潮。

自动化专业本科毕业设计英文翻译学院(部)：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：年月日Programmable Logic ControllerONE：PLC overviewProgrammable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called PLC programmable logic controller (Programmable Logic Controller) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgment, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented PLC General Motors Corporation. PLC and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.In the mid-1970s, the PLC has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgment functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electro technical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition : programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication.Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features.First, high reliability, anti-interference capability;Second，programming visual, simple;Third, adaptability good;Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface. TWO：History of PLCProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC), a computing device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968, have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with soft-wired logic or so-called relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the hardwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days [Moody and Morley, 1999].Although PC based control has started to come into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performance, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan [1995], an increase of the annual sales volume to 15 million PLC per year with the hardware value of more than 8 billion US dollars has been predicted, though the prices of computing hardware is steadily dropping. The inventor of the PLC, Richard E Morley, fairly considers the PLC market as a 5-billion industry at the present time.Though PLCs are widely used in industrial practice, the programming of PLC based control systems is still very much relying on trial-and-error. Alike software engineering, PLC software design is facing the software dilemma or crisis in a similar way. Morley himself emphasized this aspect most forcefully by indicatingIf houses were built like software projects, a single woodpecker could d estroy civilization.”Particularly, practical problems in PLC programming are to eliminate software bugs and to reduce the maintenance costs of old ladderlogic programs. Though the hardware costs of PLC are dropping continuously, reducing the scan time of the ladder logic is still an issue in industry so that low-cost PLC can be used.In general, the productivity in generating PLC is far behind compared to other domains, for instance, VLSI design, where efficient computer aided design tools are in practice. Existent software engineering methodologies are not necessarily applicable to the PLC based software design because PLC-programming requires a simultaneous consideration of hardware and software. The software design becomes, thereby, more and more the major cost driver. In many industrial design projects, more than of the manpower allocated for the control system design and installation is scheduled for testing and debugging PLC programs.In addition, current PLC based control systems are not properly designed to support the growing demand for flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. A further problem, impelling the need for a systematic design methodology, is the increasing software complexity in large-scale projects.The objective of this thesis is to develop a systematic software design methodology for PLC operated automation systems. The design methodology involves high-level description based on state transition models that treat automation control systems as discrete event systems, a stepwise design process, and set of design rules providing guidance and measurements to achieve a successful design. The tangible outcome of this research is to find a way to reduce the uncertainty in managing the control software development process, that is, reducing programming and debugging time and their variation, increasing flexibility of the automation systems, and enabling software reusability through modularity. The goal is to overcome shortcomings of current programming strategies that are based on the experience of the individual software developer. Three：now of PLCFrom the structure is divided into fixed PLC and Module PLC, the two kinds of PLC including CPU board, I/O board, display panel, memory block, power, these elements into a do not remove overall. Module type PLC including CPU module, I/O modules, memory, thepower modules, bottom or a frame, these modules can be according to certain rules combination configuration.In the user view, a detailed analysis of the CPU's internal unnecessary, but working mechanism of every part of the circuit. The CPU control works, by it reads CPU instruction, interprets the instruction and executes instructions. But the pace of work by shock signal control.Unit work under the controller command used in a digital or logic operations.In computing and storage register of computation result, it is also among the controller command and work. CPU speed and memory capacity is the important parameters fot PLC . its determines the PLC speed of work, IO PLC number and software capacity, so limits to control size.Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8-bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16-and 32-bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of communication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated foram ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/each input or output has one corresponding bit in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a computer (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a computer if you have the software needed for programming. Today’s transmission computers are ideal for reprogramming a PLC controller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is also good to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established communication networks which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs).Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines), program follow up in real time as well as documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and comments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding comments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that come up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly how system functions.Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220V AC. On some PLC controllers you’ll find electrical supply as a separatemodule. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current.This electrical supply is usually not used to start external input or output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLC controller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers supply their inputs with voltage from a small supply source already incorporated into a PLC.Four：PLC design criteriaA systematic approach to designing PLC software can overcome deficiencies in the traditional way of programming manufacturing control systems, and can have wide ramifications in several industrial applications. Automation control systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. Formal representations provide a high-level description of the behavior of the system to be controlled. State machines can be analytically evaluated as to whether or not they meet the desired goals. Secondly, a state machine description provides a structured representation to convey the logical requirements and constraints such as detailed safety rules. Thirdly, well-defined control systems design outcomes are conducive to automatic code generation- An ability to produce control software executable on commercial distinct logic controllers can reduce programming lead-time and labor cost. In particular, the thesis is relevant with respect to the following aspects.In modern manufacturing, systems are characterized by product and process innovation, become customer-driven and thus have to respond quickly to changing system requirements. A major challenge is therefore to provide enabling technologies that can economically reconfigure automation control systems in response to changing needs and new opportunities. Design and operational knowledge can be reused inreal-time, therefore, giving a significant competitive edge in industrial practice.Studies have shown that programming methodologies in automation systems have not been able to match rapid increase in use of computing resources. For instance, the programming of PLC still relies on a conventional programming style with ladder logic diagrams. As a result, the delays and resources in programming are a major stumbling stone for the progress of manufacturing industry. Testing and debugging may consume over 50% of the manpower allocated for the PLC program design. Standards [IEC 60848, 1999; IEC-61131-3, 1993; IEC 61499, 1998; ISO 15745-1, 1999] have been formed to fix and disseminate state-of-the-art design methods, but they normally cannot participate in advancing the knowledge of efficient program and system design.A systematic approach will increase the level of design automation through reusing existing software components, and will provide methods to make large-scale system design manageable. Likewise, it will improve software quality and reliability and will be relevant to systems high security standards, especially those having hazardous impact on the environment such as airport control, and public railroads.The software industry is regarded as a performance destructor and complexity generator. Steadily shrinking hardware prices spoils the need for software performance in terms of code optimization and efficiency. The result is that massive and less efficient software code on one hand outpaces the gains in hardware performance on the other hand. Secondly, software proliferates into complexity of unmanageable dimensions; software redesign and maintenance-essential in modern automation systems-becomes nearly impossible. Particularly, PLC programs have evolved from a couple lines of code 25 years ago to thousands of lines of code with a similar number of 1/O points. Increased safety, for instance new policies on fire protection, and the flexibility of modern automation systems add complexity to the program design process. Consequently, the life-cycle cost of software is a permanently growing fraction of the total cost. 80-90% of these costs are going into software maintenance, debugging, adaptation and expansion to meet changing needs.Today, the primary focus of most design research is based on mechanical or electrical products. One of the by-products of this proposed research is to enhance our fundamental understanding of design theory and methodology by extending it to the field of engineering systems design. A system design theory for large-scale and complex system is not yet fully developed. Particularly, the question of how to simplify a complicated or complex design task has not been tackled in a scientific way. Furthermore, building a bridge between design theory and the latest epistemological outcomes of formal representations in computer sciences and operations research, such as discrete event system modeling, can advance future development in engineering design.From a logical perspective, PLC software design is similar to the hardware design of integrated circuits. Modern VLSI designs are extremely complex with several million parts and a product development time of 3 years [Whitney, 1996]. The design process is normally separated into a component design and a system design stage. At component design stage, single functions are designed and verified. At system design stage, components are aggregated and the whole system behavior and functionality is tested through simulation. In general, a complete verification is impossible. Hence, a systematic approach as exemplified for the PLC program design may impact the logical hardware design.可编程控制器一、PLC概述可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的，当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC（Programmable Logic Controller），目的是用来取代继电器。

PLC行业常用184个专业英语中英文词汇对照PLC行业常用184个专业英语中英文词汇对照1. PLC 可编程逻辑控制器2. absolute 绝对位置3. absoluteoutput 绝对输出4 .actuator 执行器/作动器5. against 对比6. allocate 分配 7. alter 改变/修改8. ambient 环境周围ambient operating temperature 9. analog 模拟 analogoutput 10. analysis 分析 thecollection an and analysis of data 12. applicable 可用 the applicableCPU for the module13. assign 分配 14. back up battey 备用电池15. barcode reader/ID 条形码阅读器16. base unit 主基板17. baud 波特 18. beforehand 事先19. binary 二进制 20. buffer memory 缓冲存储器21. bus 总线22. case 外壳 do notremove the modules print board from the case23. characteristic 特征I/Ocharacterristic24. check 校验the datalink status canbe checked25. child-station 子站26. common terminal 公共端27. compatible 兼容 compatiblewith the MODBUS protocol28. compound 混合compoundsystem communication 29. condensation 结露30. condition 条件conditionsetting31. conductive 导电conductivemetal picees32. configuration 组态systemconfiguration33. configure 组态34. confirm 确认how toconfirm the operation of the module35. consumption 消耗currentconsumption36. content 目录37. control level 控制级38. convenient 方便moreconvenient and easy-to-use39. conventionaly 传统whichconventionaly has been used 40. conversion 转换Analog-Digital conversion module41. converter 转换器42. conveyor 传送conveyorline 43. corrosive 腐蚀corrosivegas 44. countermeasure 对策。

PLC Studies in China as a Contribution to the Developmentof International StandardsThe sources of disturbance are both radiated and conducted:- the emission of electromagnetic noise which can interfere with radio communications for safety or military use, or disturb the radio amateurs; - conducted differential and common mode currents can penetrate in any equipment connected to the network in which PLC is working. The disturbances have two types of origins:- the signal source asymmetry, due to the coupler asymmetry;- the unbalance of the Low Voltage Distribution Network (LVDN) and as a result an common mode to differential mode conversion.The conversion from differential to common mode due to the network unbalance has been analysed in various paper, as for instance in [1]. Different mitigation solutions have been also been proposed in the literature [2, 3, 4], but the research work must be further continued.3. Standardization at international levelConcerning EMC problems, at an international level, two types of standards must be developed:- a product standard;- a network standard.3.1 The product standardThe product standard should be an amendment of the CISPR22 standard and is the task of the Subcommittee CISPR/I/.A first idea was to extend the concept of Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL) specific for symmetric telecommunication pairs of wire to the non symmetric power network.Measurements performed in various power networks, as those shown in Fig. 1, have given a large spread of LCL values [5].It was not possible to arrive to a consensus for the concept based on the LCL value, to be used for the calculation of a voltage limit at the ports of the equipment connected to the network, although that this concept has been well-established for the case of telecommunication lines. After about 4 years of work and a whole series of documents at CD (Committee Draft) stage, the concept did not find the requested qualified majority for approval by the CISPR/I/ although that it found majority approval within the working group. It was decided to re-start the work evaluating a new basis.A New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) was prepared by the French national Committee and approved in April 2005 [6]. The work will not be focused any more on the LCL value, but will try to:- describe the typical electricity installations where it is intended to connect PLC equipment;- identify the potentially disturbed services/equipment for each typical section of electricity installations described above;- assess the level of protection currently provided by the CISPR22for each equipment/service;- set radiated and conducted limits for emissions of each typical section of electricity installation when PLC is operating.The work started in June 2005 and is currently in progress.3.2 Network standardThe European Commission has issued in 2001 the Mandate 313 which gives CENELEC and ETSI the task to develop a standard, to define emission limits for all communication networks including PLC [7].Different limits have been proposed by various countries (Germany, UK, Norway) and entities (CENELEC, FCC, BBC). The differences between the various proposals were quite large and it was not possible to reach a consensus.A Joint Working Group ETSI/CENELEC has produced several drafts, which have all failed to be approved by the National Committees.4. PLC activity at the North China Electric Power University4.1 Mandate given to the EMC LaboratoryIn China, the Telecommunication Center of the China National Power Grid is supervising the PLC deployment over the whole country as a provider of service, but not as a regulatory authority. The Telecommunication Center has given to the EMC Laboratory of the North China Electric Power University the mandate to develop:- a measurement method for the field;- a standard which should be used in the future as a basis for the regulation of the PLC deployment.These studies are a contribution, together with other research activities in Europe like the European Project OPERA, to the development of international standards.4.2 Experimental measurementsIn order to simulate the PLC operation environment, an experimental network was set up. Its structure is presented in Fig. 2.As seen in Fig.2, the field was measured with a loop antenna which gives the magnetic field value. The conversion to electric field was performed by multiplying the measured values by the vacuum impedance (377 ohms). It is clear that in near fields, the value of the vacuum impedance is higher than 377 ohms and a better approach to convert magnetic to electric fields in such configurations is under study.As a pair of PLC modems with rate of 200Mbps being used to download data from internet, the radiated field was also measured and shown in Fig.4. The radiation field was above all of the three limits.The dimensions of the room were 9.45×6.8m. Three power distribution branches have been installed in the test. The first branch supplied three daylight lamps; the second branch a high-powered air conditioning; the third one five household electric appliances, including a refrigerator,a computer, a microwave oven, a washer, and a TV set each of it at distances of 10 meters. PLC signals were coupled at the outlet of the energy meter.A loop antenna was placed 3 meters away from the power line.A PLC router and PLC modems composed of the LAN at nominal rates of 14Mbps, 45Mbps and 200Mbps to simulate the PLC internet access have been used. An example of the radiated electric field measured in the room is presented in Fig.3.When using the PLC modems, besides shutting them down and transferring data with the internet at relatively high rate, there is another possible state: standby. In this state, the PLC modem is powered on, but it isn’t used to transfer data by the customer. The radiated field of a pair of PLC modems with a rate of 45Mbps in standby state was also measured and shown in Fig.5. Compared with the background, it appears that the radiation of the PLC network is significant when the PLC modem is in standby especially from 18MHz to 23MHz.Fig.6 shows the measured radiation fields with different load conditions. The dotted line presents the condition when all household electric appliances were on, and the solid line presents the “off” condition. Fig.6 shows that the radiation fields did notvary significantly when the household electric appliances were “on” and “off”.Another interesting item investigated at the North China Electric Power University EMC Laboratory was the relation between the injected current and the radiation field strength. Generally, if this relation is known and it if is stable enough, then we can assess the emission level to some extent by measuring the injected current. Therefore, the injected current was measured in parallel with the field. Fig.7 shows the relation between the injected current and the radiation field in the frequency domain for the 45Mbps network. A rather good correlation was found except for frequencies in the range of about 16 to 24 MHz. The quantitative transferrelation for a typical network structure is still under investigation.5. Regulatory approaches for access networks in Europe and USA5.1 European Union regulationThe Communication Committee (COCOM) of the European Commission (EC) has delivered a positive message on the Draft Recommendation on Broadband Communications from 6 April 2005 [8]. This recommendation is very similar to the “Report and Order” published by the FCC on October 14, 2004.The main features of this recommendation are:- It requires that Regulatory Authorities should not follow the ex-ante approach for PLC deployment and operation. That means that PLC equipment should have easy market access and that an authorization is only required in case of harmful interference within a specific location at a specific frequency;- the PLC equipment is regarded as a telecommunication equipment and as a consequence should follow the CE certification;- it requires that PLC systems should be installed and operated according to good engineering principles;- it recognizes the right of countries to take special restriction measures if necessary, for instance frequency restrictions in specific areas (military, coast where ship navigation can be affected), or fir frequencies of specific use (fire alarm).Misunderstandings by EU member states are minimized by the recommended permanent dialogue towards the EC.5.2 USA regulationAs an amendment to Part 15 of its rules, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has published on 14 October 2004 the “Report and Order”, which defines the BPL (Broadband Power Lines, name of PLCin US) regulation for Access PLC [9].Access BPL systems will operate on an unlicensed non-interference basis under Part 15 model.This means that the permitted limits are those defined by FCC Part 15, i.e.62 dBμV/m (see Fig. 3) and that the FCC will ask for a decrease of these limits or mitigation measures only in case ofInterference.In addition, in order to achieve this goal the “Report and Order”specifies that the FCC:- can decide that BPL must avoid specific frequencies and can decide to shut down any unit in the case of harmful interference;- establishes “exclusion zones”in locations close to sensitive operations, such as coast guard or radio astronomy stations, within BPL must avoid operating on certain frequencies;- establishes consultation requirements with public safety agencies, federal government sensitive stations and aeronautical stations;- establishes a publicly available Access BPL notification database to facilitate an organized approach to identification and resolution of harmful interference;- changes the equipment authorization for Access BPL systems from verification to certification;- improves measurement procedures for all equipment that use RF energy to communicate over power lines.国际标准的发展促进国内PLC的研究干扰的来源都是辐射，并进行：-排放的电磁噪声，可干扰无线电通讯的安全或军事用途，或干扰无线电业余爱好者;-进行差分和共模电流可以穿透任何设备连接到网络中，公司正在努力。

PLC常用英文词汇（中文对译）在PLC编程中我们经常会遇到一些专业英文词汇，对于入门的学员来说过理解起来是非常困难的。

本文总结了一些PLC常用专业英文词汇，并做已翻译。

01a开头absolute 绝对位置Absolute output 绝对最大输出actuator 执行器/作动器against 对比allocate 分配alter 改变/修改ambient 环境周围ambient operating temperatureanalog 模拟analysis 分析applicable 可用assign 分配02b开头back up battey 备用电池barcode reader/ID 条形码阅读器base unit 主基板baud 波特beforehand 事先binary 二进制buffer memory 缓冲存储器bus 总线03c开头case 外壳characteristic 特征check 校验child-station 子站common terminal 公共端compatible 兼容compound 混合condensation 结露condition 条件conductive 导电configuration 组态configure 组态confirm 确认consumption 消耗content 目录control level 控制级convenient 方便conventionaly 传统conversion 转换converter 转换器conveyor 传送corrosive 腐蚀cutoff 切断countermeasure 对策04d开头debug 调试dedicated 屏蔽dedicated 专用default value 缺省值define 解释/阐明design 设计device level 现场级diagnosis 诊断digital 数字din rail 导轨diverse 不同的/各种各样的download 下载duplicate 完全一样dust 灰尘05e开头eliminate 免得enterprise level 管理级erase 清除exceed 超出execute 执行expand 扩展06f开头faulty 故障站field bus 现场总线fix 固定flexibly 灵活的flow 流量format 格式fuse 融丝07g开头graph图标坐标图曲线guaranteed 担保08h开头handle 处理hardware manual 硬件手册hint 提示humidity 湿度09i开头individual 独立的inductance 电感initiate 实施发起input 输入input point 输入点数install 安装instruction 指令insulation 隔离interface 接口interlocking 互锁internal 内部interrupt 中断invalid 无效10m开头magnetic 有磁性的main circuit 主回路/线电路malfunction 故障mandatory 强制mantenance 维护manual 手册mechanical 机械mechanical life 机械寿命module 模块/组件momentary power failure 瞬时断电monitor 监视mount 固定multiple 多样11n开头negative 负12o开头observation 观察occupy 占用occur 发生offline 离线offset gain 偏置增益oil mist 油雾optical loop 光缆回路optimum 最佳的output 输出overall 总的overview 总揽13p开头parameter 参数path 路径perform 进行performance specifations 性能规格peripheral 外围/外部设备phase 相point 要点port 接口positive 正power line 电源线power>precaution 注意事项print board 印刷电路板procedure 过程programing interface 编程接口/编程界面protocol 协议14r开头range 范围rated input voltage 额定输入电压ratio 比率refer to 参照recommend 建议reduce 减少/缩小register 数据寄存器relay 继电器remote I/O 远程网络reserved station 预留主站resistor 电阻器15l开头load bridging resistor 负载转移电阻load compensating resistor 负荷补偿电阻load shifting resistor 负载移动电阻器 ; 负荷转移电阻load-resistor contactor 负载电阻器接触器 ; 负荷电阻接触器anode load resistor 释义阳极负载电阻 ; 阳极负载电阻effect of load resistor 负载电阻效应16r开头resolution 分辨率Maximum resolution 最大分辨率restriction 限制retry 重试17s开头scan 扫描screw 螺丝seamless network 无缝网络sequence programme 顺控程序serial communications module 串口通信模块series 系列servo 伺服系统short 短路signal 信号sink 漏极slot 周边元件扩展插槽soures 源极specifications 特性stabilized power supply 稳压电源standby master station 备用主站start up 起动status 状态step drive 步进storage 存储store 存储witch off 切断swith 开关18t开头table 表格transfer 传送transistor 晶体管transmission speed 传输速度transmit 传送/传输triac 三端双向可控硅开关元件troubleshooting 故障处理19u开头unuseble 不可以使用upload 上传/上载utilize 利用20v开头verify 校验voltage 电压21w开头watchdog 看门狗定时器width 范围wire chips 线头（涉及领域:电子、电气/电工（考证题库）、通信、维修、自动化、程序等）。

PLC控制指令，中英文对照版，太实用了！指令（英文全称意思 ) ：指令含义1、LD( Load 装载 ) ：动合触点2、LDN( Load Not 不装载 ) : 动断触点3、A( And 与动合) : 用于动合触点串联4、AN( And Not 与动断 ) ：用于动断触点串联5、O( Or 或动合 ) ：用于动合触点并联6、ON( Or Not 或动断 ) : 用于动断触点并联7、=( Out 输出 ) ：用于线圈输出8、OLD( Or Lode): 块或9、ALD( And Lode): 块与10、LPS( Logic Push ) :逻辑入栈11、LRD( Logic Read ) :逻辑读栈12、LPP( Logic Pop ) :逻辑出栈13、NOT( not 并非 ) ：非14、NOP( No Operation Performed ) : 无操作15、AENO( And ENO ) :指令盒输出端ENO相与16、S( Set 放置 ) : 置117、R( Reset 重置，清零 ) ：清零18、P( Positive) ：上升沿19、N( Negative) ：下降沿20、TON( On_Delay Timer ) :接通延时定时器21、TONR( Retentive On_Delay Timer ) : 有记忆接通延时定时器22、TOF( Off_ Delay Timer ) :断开延时定时器23、CTU( Count Up ) : 增计数器24、CTD( Count Down ) : 减计数器25、CTDU( Count Up/ Count Down ) :增减计数器26、ADD( add 加 ) : 加注意//ADD_I (_ I 表示整数)ADD_DI( DI表示双字节整数)ADD-R(R 表示实数)它们都是加运算只是数的大小不同。

27、SUB( Subtract 减去，减少) ：减28、MUL( Multiply ) : 乘29、DIV( Divide ) : 除30、SQRT( Square root ) : 求平方根31、LN( Napierian Logarithm 自然对数 ) : 求自然对数32、EXP( Exponential 指数的 ) ：求指数33、INC_B( Increment 增加 ) ：增1//其中_B代表数据类型还有W（字节）、DW双字后面几个都是这样的。