[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷47.doc

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷246(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AOne principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to【C1】______ goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in【C2】______ for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And【C3】______ a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit. The gasoline tax, for instance, is sometimes【C4】______ using the benefits principle. In some states, 【C5】______ from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a【C6】______ way to pay for this government service. The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, 【C7】______ because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example, the benefits of police protection from【C8】______. Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should【C9】______ more than the poor to the cost of【C10】______ the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system.A) adapt I) providedB) contribute J) revenuesC) exerting K) similarlyD) expenses L) simplyE) fair M) theftF) justified N) totalG) maintaining O) wealthH) private1．【C1】正确答案：H 涉及知识点：词汇理解2．【C2】正确答案：N 涉及知识点：词汇理解3．【C3】正确答案：K 涉及知识点：词汇理解4．【C4】正确答案：F 涉及知识点：词汇理解5．【C5】正确答案：J 涉及知识点：词汇理解6．【C6】正确答案：E 涉及知识点：词汇理解7．【C7】正确答案：L 涉及知识点：词汇理解8．【C8】正确答案：M 涉及知识点：词汇理解9．【C9】正确答案：B 涉及知识点：词汇理解10．【C10】正确答案：G 涉及知识点：词汇理解As an Alaskan fisherman, Timothy June, 54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants (污染物)at his home in Haines—a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles, with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early 2007, June agreed to take part in a【C1】______ of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people’s blood and urine (尿)were tested for【C2】______ of chemicals—in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household【C3】______. like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The results—【C4】______ in November in a report called “Is It in Us?” by an environmental group—were rather worrying. Every one of the participants, 【C5】______ from an Illinois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the【C6】______ presence of these chemicals does not【C7】______ indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all【C8】______ June and his fellow participants. Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don’t【C9】______ there. A large, ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages. And in 2005, die Environmental Working Group found an【C10】______ of 200 chemicals in the bloodof 10 new-borns. “Our babies are being born pre-polluted,”says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored “Is it in Us?”“This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change.”A) analyses I) productsB) average J) rangingC) belong K) releasedD) demonstrated L) shockedE) excess M) simpleF) extending N) surveyG) habitually O) tracesH) necessarily11．【C1】正确答案：N 涉及知识点：词汇理解12．【C2】正确答案：O 涉及知识点：词汇理解13．【C3】正确答案：I 涉及知识点：词汇理解14．【C4】正确答案：K 涉及知识点：词汇理解15．【C5】正确答案：J 涉及知识点：词汇理解16．【C6】正确答案：M 涉及知识点：词汇理解17．【C7】正确答案：H 涉及知识点：词汇理解18．【C8】正确答案：L 涉及知识点：词汇理解19．【C9】正确答案：C 涉及知识点：词汇理解20．【C10】正确答案：B 涉及知识点：词汇理解For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States’ leadership position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新)that resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were【C1】______ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of【C2】______ society now depend, were possible because the United States then【C3】______ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the【C4】______ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing. The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math)seems to be【C5】______ related to the comparatively weak performance by US schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math【C6】______, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering【C7】______ complete a major in those fields. The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, 【C8】______ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the【C9】______ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn【C10】______ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries, than in the United States.A) accelerating I) especiallyB) actually J) futureC) closely K)ledD) contemporary L)metE) courses M) proceduresF) critical N) proportionsG) declining O) spheresH) degrees 21．【C1】正确答案：F 涉及知识点：词汇理解22．【C2】正确答案：D 涉及知识点：词汇理解23．【C3】正确答案：K 涉及知识点：词汇理解24．【C4】正确答案：N 涉及知识点：词汇理解25．【C5】正确答案：C 涉及知识点：词汇理解26．【C6】正确答案：E 涉及知识点：词汇理解27．【C7】正确答案：B 涉及知识点：词汇理解28．【C8】正确答案：I 涉及知识点：词汇理解29．【C9】正确答案：G 涉及知识点：词汇理解30．【C10】正确答案：H 涉及知识点：词汇理解。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷42(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection CSoon after starting his job as superintendent of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district’s 104,000 students. The findings were depressing: nearly a third had been held back at least one academic year. The high school graduation rate had fallen to 67%. One in five dropped out. But what most concerned him was that the number of students considered “highly mobile”, meaning they had moved at least once during the school year, had ballooned to 34,000, partly because of the home-foreclosure crisis. At least 1,500 students were homeless —probably more. “I had a whole array of students who were angry, depressed, not getting the rest they needed,” Cash says. It led him to consider an unusual proposition: what if the best way to help kids in impoverished urban neighborhoods is to get them out? Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress, with a live-in faculty rivaling those of elite New England prep schools. If Cash’s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED, a charter school in Southeast Washington, which stands for Schools for Educational Evolution and Development. Its 320 students—seventh to 12th-graders—should live on campus five days a week. They are expected to adhere to a strict dress code and keep their room tidy. There are computers in the dorm’s common areas, and each student in grades 10 and above is given a desktop computer. At 11:30 every night, it’ s lights out. In his plan for Memphis, Cash wants even more time. Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5 for homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem “won’t migrate into middle and high school”. Students will remain on campus year-round. The school would cost up to $50,000 a day to operate—three times the cost of a traditional day school with more than twice as many students. “It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details,”says Ellen Bassuk, president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass.1．What is Kriner Cash worried about most after knowing the result of the assessment?A．The falling rate of high school graduation.B．Middle school student’ s dropping out at a very high speed every year.C．Students being held back an academic year.D．The growing number of students moving frequently during the school year.正确答案：D解析：细节题。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection ASome time ago, an interesting discovery was made by【C1】______on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been【C2】______, for it enjoyed a high level of【C3】______. Houses—often three storeys high —were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully【C4】______walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found 【C5】______the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of【C6】______from the fifteenth century BC. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these【C7】______a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century BC. It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century BC. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully【C8】______. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were【C9】______to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very【C10】______indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.A)preserved B)civilization C)graceful D)beneathE)matching F)rested G)worship H)occasionsI)decorated J)qualification K)represented L)prosperousM)amazed N)according O)archaeologists1．【C1】正确答案：O解析：根据an interesting discovery可知。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.5 kg. The men’s blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual—about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there’ s no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn’t practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly, “if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains.”6．What contributes the most to one’s heart rates, according to the first paragraph?A．Our bodyweight.B．The consumption of energy.C．The rates of our breathing.D．The amount of oxygen provided.正确答案：D解析：细节题。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AGlobal warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice【C1】______away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in【C2】______with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are【C3】______to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures【C4】______between 1°C and 6°C over the next 100 years. The warming will be more【C5】______in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the【C6】______of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and【C7】______for humans than these areas are now. The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on【C8】______, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists【C9】______that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random(无规律的)variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years【C10】______but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A)appealing B)average C)contributing D)dramaticE)frequently F)impact G)line H)maintainI)melted J)persist K)ranging L)recentlyM)resolved N)sensible O)shock1．【C1】正确答案：I解析：此短句与and前的the last ice age ended并列。

大学英语四级改革适用（长篇阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.9 motor vehicles for every household in America, and just to illustrate how many cars this is, consider that the average American household has only 1.8 drivers; America has more vehicles than it has drivers to drive them. By the time a middle-class American reaches 35 years of age, he or she has likely owned 3 cars in his or her life.B)The Unites States’lawmakers have done little to undermine the romance between their citizens and their automobiles. Taxes on gasoline have been kept low, while massive highway building projects allow more and more cars to take to the road. Public transportation, on the other hand, has traditionally suffered from neglect. From the 1970s, since Americans have more than doubled their reliance on cars for long-distance rides, train and bus usage has largely stopped developing. Inner city transit systems in most cities were either deteriorating or crime-ridden, as in New York, or dysfunctional(机能不良的), as in Los Angeles.C)There are, however, signs that U.S. drivers are quietly looking for alternatives to car usage—with growing backing from legislators. Throughout the country a record number of commuters are taking buses and transit to work. In Washington DC, city officials say this summer has been the busiest in the history of the Metro rail system, with trains often carrying more than 600,000 passengers a day. In Cincinnati, transit authorities say there have been up to 50 percent more users this summer on some commuter routes. The Atlanta and Portland transit systems are also recording heavy usage. Nationwide, public transportation systems have recorded a 4.8 percent increase for the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in 2002, according to the American Public Transportation Association(APTA).D)Transit officials say the main reason is the recent rise in gasoline prices. Feeling the impact of cuts in production by oil-exporting countries, gasoline prices in the US shot up from a national average of $1.30 dollars a gallon(nearly 3.8 litres)late last year to high of $1.68 a gallon in June this year. In parts of the country, prices even reached $2 a gallon for the first time.E)While the price rise angered car drivers, many transportation experts feel it has turned attention to America’s meager(不景气的)public transport. “The public transport system has been better now than in the past decades,”says Delon Lowas, an urban planning analyst at the Sierra Club, the environmental group. According to APTA, a person commuting 10 miles to work every day by train instead of by car could save as much as 314 gallons(1193 liters)of gasoline annually —thus reducing emissions of hydrocarbon gases and other pollutants.F)The oil price rise might just have been the induction to result in a new revolution in the travel habits of US commuters, say environmentalists. As evidence, they point to the popularity of new light-rail systems in cities such as Portland. Even Los Angeles, whose residents are famous for their infatuation(迷恋)with cars, recently installed 17 miles of subway tracks. Now, US politicians are also warming to public transport. Federal and state governments are toying with some initiatives, such as tax breaks for people who use trains or buses.G)But public transportation continues to have its ideological critics. “It shouldn’t be encouraged at the expense of private ownership of vehicles,” says BenLieberman of the Competitive Enterprise Institute(CEI). He asserts that the government’s priority should be to make owning and driving a car more affordable by reducing environmental restrictions that push up the price of gasoline.H)The expansion of public transportation systems also draws opposition from those who are worried about the immense costs involved. They cite Los Angeles’ subway expansion, which cost a record $4.7 billion, as an instance of how expensive public transport can be.I)Citing costs of construction, Tome DeLay,the powerful Republican Whip of the House of Representatives, have moved to block funds for a proposed light-rail system in Houston. Mr. DeLay argues that the city should conduct a referendum(公民投票)before investing taxpayer’s money. The result: the Houston authorities might well have to manage without federal funds —or scrap the light-rail project entirely. Given the strong political pressure against it, some observers think the flirtation(对......的一时兴趣)with public transport will pass, not least because there are signs already that gas prices have started to fall. Mr. Lovaas, however, thinks that there has been “genuine grass-roots change” as people understand the environmental and social need for cutting down on automobile use. But he admitted that political opposition could take a long time to overcome. “The people at the top will be the last to get it.”11．One factor for the sharp rising price of gasoline in the US this year was oil production cuts by oil-exporting countries.正确答案：D解析：根据题干中的线索词price of gasoline和production cuts by oil—exporting countries将本题出处定位于D)段第2句Feeling the impact of cuts in production by oil—exporting countries，gasoline prices in the US shot up from anational average of $1．30 dollars a gallon(nearly 3．8 litres)late last year to high of $1．68 a gallon in June this year．(受到石油出口国削减产量的影响，美国的石油价格从去年年底每加仑(约3．8升)1．30美元的全国平均价格猛涨到今年6月份的每加仑1．68美元。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷405(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AThey call them the new bread earners. They are women, and they are set to take over. Women are beginning to rise【C1】______to the top in the workplace all over the developed world New figures show that in almost a third of American【C2】______with a working wife, the woman brings home more money than her husband and that they now occupy half the country’s”high-paying, executive, administrative and【C3】______occupations”, compared with 34 per cent 20 years ago. The trend is【C4】______by two main factors, experts say—a【C5】______acceptance of men as househusbands and mass unemployment of male white-collar workers from the technology, finance and media industries in the last three years. The University of Maryland has【C6】______a report that shows women to be the chief earner in 11 per cent of all US marriages. Pushing a buggy (婴儿车) on a sunny afternoon in New York’s Central Park last week, Jonathan Blinderman, 33, said, he was【C7】______he had been able to see every moment of his daughter Lindsay’s first six months of life while his wife, Sage, was out working. It is a sign of these times of【C8】______that when he mentions his status at parties he is either praised as a saint or 【C9】______as a slave-cum-freeloader (爱占便宜的奴隶). For the revolution is nowhere near complete. But Maria Cancian, an economist at the University of Wisconsin, said【C10】______women were increasingly looking for househusbands.A. causedB. proudC. carelesslyD. mockedE. producedF. managerialG. greedyH. precautionI. arguedJ. transitionK. ambitiousL. tackledM. growingN. steadilyO. households1．【C1】正确答案：N解析：此处需要副词作状语，修饰动词rise。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷48(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.0°C, tiny particles of ice start forming in the water. Each particle becomes larger and then sticks to other particles, forming blocks of ice. Fish take in this water and tiny particles of ice also form inside a fish’s body. However, the AFP in the blood of the fish surrounds these particles, preventing them from sticking together to form bigger pieces of ice. The application of AFP is promising. For example, AFP can be used to alter the taste and texture of ice-cream. It can also be used to store meat and vegetables more effectively by protecting food products from the formation of ice. Another application is in medical field, as AFP can help preserve organs for transplantation without freezing them. Scientists have known about AFP for more than 30 years, yet few of the technologies that use the AFP exist today. The process of getting the necessary amount of AFP from fish to make products was only recently discovered. Some companies in the United States and Canada have already made products using AFP, but they have yet to become popular. Although some researchers in Japan discovered that some local fish contained AFP and succeeded in creating AFP in the laboratory, more research is necessary. AFP tests will continue for these fish out of the water.6．The Antifreeze Protein______.A．is a kind of protein that many fish have stored in their bodiesB．is found in certain fish that live in extremely cold waterC．increases the freezing process of water in the oceanD．is the key to finding the location offish in cold regions正确答案：B解析：细节题。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷41(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection CSo long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the word of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(追求)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.1．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that______.A．it is one of the most difficult school coursesB．students spend endless hours in readingC．reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD．too much time is spent on teaching about reading正确答案：D解析：细节题。

大学英语四级改革适用（作文）模拟试卷47(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. WritingPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Read Books. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below:1．书的种类很多，不同的书有不同的内容。

2．读书可以丰富我们的知识。

3．但是，有些书对读者有害。

正确答案：Read Books (1) Books are of various kinds and have different contents. (2) Literature books reflect social problems, economy books reveal the rules of economics, mathematics books deal with numbers and space, history books record the past events, foreign language books study the means of communication and foreign politics, culture and society. (3) Reading books can enrich our knowledge. There is a famous proverb “Knowledge is power.”It’s impossible for a man to learn everything only through his own experience, while books can help him to achieve this purpose. Knowledge is treasure but practice is the key to it. Through reading books, we can learn a lot of things we don’t know, contact with the ancient and modern philosophers, poets, politicians and others, communicate with them, and understand their thoughts. We can also predict what is going to happen in the future. (4) However, some books can also be harmful, particularly the pornographic books and novels about swordsmen. People who are carried away by such books will lead a befuddled life and they are bound to commit a crime. Such books are poisonous. A critical reading is extremely necessary.解析：(1)开篇指出书有很多种类，也有很多内容。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AFor some educators, there is nothing wrong with fun and games. A group called the Education Arcade recently held a conference in Los Angeles to discuss the future of【C1】______games. The Education Arcade brings together international game designers, publishers, teachers and policymakers. They say they want to lead 【C2】______in the way the world learns through computer and video games. The【C3】______was part of E-three, the Electronic Entertainment Exposition. This is a yearly trade【C4】______where companies show off new games and educational products. The Education Arcade started at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, near Boston. Professors worked with the Microsoft company to create what they called the Games-to-Teach Project. The group began to【C5】______ways to use technology in teaching and learning. They worked with game designers to develop ideas about how【C6】______and science could mix with game playing. The Education Arcade is the research part of this Games-to-Teach Project. The group recently announced that a “Games for learning”statement will be【C7】______on some products. This should begin to appear in American stores in about six months. The【C8】______is to help people find games that are fun but will also teach. The Education Arcade says it also wants to get businesses to produce more games that teach. Companies have been creating systems like hand-held educational【C9】______made by LeapFrog. And new educational role-playing games are being developed. M.I.T. and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in Virginia are developing a game called “Revolution.” Players will get to experience the American Revolution【C10】______. A placed B. mathematics C. primarily D. goal E. occurrences F. show G. explore H. estimated I. radical J. educational K. change L. online M. devices N. conference O. inherit1．【C1】正确答案：J解析：此处应为形容词，修饰games。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷44(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection CKodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy protection is a sad, though not unexpected turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency,”that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business. It wasn’ t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late. Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability. Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.1．What do we learn about Kodak?A．It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B．It’ s approaching its downfall.C．It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D．It is playing the dominant role in the film market.正确答案：B解析：细节题。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷56(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AA bookless life is a / an【C1】______life. Books influence the depth and 【C2】______of life. They meet the natural desire for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the【C3】______of their need. Readers turn naturally to books because their【C4】______concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to【C5】______from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a / an【C6】______of human experiences and come to respect other ways of thought and living. And while【C7】______their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide【C8】______material for readers’imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books【C9】______their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly. The social and【C10】______significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A)curiosity B)breadth C)educational D)incompleteE)mobile F)particular G)satisfaction H)widenI)escape J)academic K)approach L)establishingM)diversity N)abundant O)benefits1．【C1】正确答案：D解析：根据前面的冠词和后面的名词可知这里需要一个形容词，来修饰没有书的人生。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷424(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.8% in the final year of that period. Electricity and heat production remains the main source of sulphur oxides emissions, followed by manufacturing industries and construction sources. In contrast, agricultural activities were responsible for the vast majority of ammonia emissions—livestock manure and fertilisers accounted for more than 90% of the emissions.1．In order to control air pollution in the past years, the EU has tried to _____.A．impose strict laws on pollution controlB．cut down on the number of vehiclesC．restrict the sources of nitrogen oxidesD．trim the discharge of car exhausts正确答案：D解析：第2段中的efforts to reduce emission表明欧盟努力减少“排放”，而结合上文提到的空气污染的主要来源可以推断这里的“排放”应该是指汽车尾气的排放，由此可见，D是对reduce emission的同义改写，为本题答案。

知识模块：仔细阅读2．According to the EEA, what is the second most important source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles?A．Air pollution.B．Nitrogen oxide.C．Road transport.D．Organic compounds.正确答案：C解析：本题要考查的是第4段开头It的所指。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷61(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as【C2】______, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be【C3】______, for she went down on her first【C4】______with heavy loss of life. Four days after【C5】______out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct【C6】______. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense walk of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight【C7】______sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his【C8】______that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to【C9】______ship was given and hundreds of people【C10】______into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.A)prepared B)passengers C)setting D)plungedE)remembered F)collision G)abandon H)unsinkableI)horror J)qualified K)presentation L)unbelievableM)voyage N)beautiful O)trembling11．【C1】正确答案：B解析：此句讲这艘船载了1316名……，和891名船员。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷54(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AZoos have existed for so long that no one knows the origins of the first ones. At one time, zoos were【C1】______to entertain kings, queens, princes and princesses. Today, there are probably over 500 public zoos【C2】______the world. The one with the greatest【C3】______of animals is in Berlin. Years ago, zoos always【C4】______animals in barred cages, but now zoos try to keep their animals in more natural surroundings. As a result, there is great【C5】______in the ways animals are treated, housed and bred. One of the best zoos in the United States is at San Diego in California, where the climate makes it possible for the animals to live【C6】______most of the year. As civilization spreads and natural wildernesses are reduced, zoos have become more important. They【C7】______places where rare animals can be saved from extinction. Game reserves have【C8】______in parts of Europe for hundreds of years for hunting purposes. Today, however, they are usually places where wildlife are safe from hunters and can live and breed【C9】______by man. One of the largest【C10】______in the world is the Kruger National Park in South Africa, where elephants, zebras and lions are among the attractions.A)preparation B)variety C)around D)provideE)used F)outdoors G)kept H)savingI)undisturbed J)improvement K)reserves L)passionateM)reasonable N)existed O)unhappy1．【C1】正确答案：E解析：根据空前were后的不定式可知。

大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷280-(1)(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷280(总分：，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：III Reading Comprehension（分数：）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：C（分数：）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：How does food affect mood and mind The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters (神经传递素) are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you stub (踢碰) your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That's why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, "Ouch! " "Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat," says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat, and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend ontheir amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, nondepressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says. Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It's found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, beans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasingthe amount of choline in their subjects' diets. Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.（分数：）(1).The function of neurotransmitters can be best compared to that of_____.（分数：）transport vehicle √protective shieldpower plantfood factory解析：解析：从第1段第3句末的messenger和第4句中的carry…across可以知道neurotransmitters就像传递信息的信使，有“运输、输送”信息的功能，因此，本题应选A。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷260(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Section A（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new 1. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its 2. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such 3monologues as: "Get up, John You'll be late for work again." The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives 4what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can't 5your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by 6staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, 7before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a 8yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do 9work in the afternoon and save tasks 10more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. A. rise B. realize C. peak D. intimate E. leisurely F. routine G. familiar H. maximum I. requiring J. habitually K. naturally L. explanation M. change N. commenting O. increase（分数：20.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：L）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：M）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：J）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：I）解析：解析：此处需要及物动词的现在分词形式，作tasks的后置定语。