英文文献分析作业
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影响分析类英文作文英文:When it comes to impact analysis, it is crucial to consider all the potential outcomes of a decision or action. This involves analyzing the positive and negative effects that may result from a particular course of action.One example of impact analysis is in the field of environmental policy. When a government proposes a new policy, it is important to consider how it will affect the environment. This may involve analyzing the impact on air and water quality, wildlife habitats, and natural resources.Another example is in the field of business. When a company is considering a new product or service, it is important to analyze the potential impact on the market, competitors, and customers. This may involve conducting market research, analyzing consumer behavior, and assessing the financial implications of the new offering.Regardless of the context, impact analysis requires careful consideration of all the potential outcomes. It is important to weigh the pros and cons of a decision oraction and to consider the short-term and long-term effects.中文:谈到影响分析,考虑到一个决策或行动的所有潜在结果是至关重要的。
Lesson 6N omenclature of Inorganic Chemistry(无机命名法则)The IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined.译文:无机化学国际纯粹与应用化学联合会命名法是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)推荐的系统命名无机化合物。
理想上,每一个无机化合物都应该有一个从中可确定的名称的明确的法则。
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" just names it. These advantages make the systematic name far superior to the common name when absolute clarity and precision are required. However, for the sake of brevity, even professional chemists will use the non-systematic name almost all of the time, because caffeine is a well-known common chemical with a unique structure. Similarly, H2O is most often simply called water in English, though other chemical names do exist.译文:名称“咖啡因”和“3,7 -二氢- 1 ,3,7 -三甲基氢嘌呤- 2 ,6 -二酮”描述着同样的化学物质。
Aqueous ammonia pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunchesfor ethanol production该标题简洁,用词简短,明了,体现了标题的准确性,突出重点。
本文的重点就是Aqueous ammonia pretreatment,这是一个名词性结构,其后接一个限制性介词短语of oil palm empty fruit bunches,ethanol production这个名词性结构为研究目的,而且标题不是由句子组成,这样能突出所研究的主题和内容,而不是明确表达一种结论。
ABSTRACTOil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were pretreated by aqueous ammonia soaking for ethanol production(研究目的). Pretreated EFB, which were pretreated at the optimal conditions of 60 °C, 12 h, and 21% (w/w) aqueous ammonia, showed 19.5% and 41.4% glucose yields during an enzymatic digestibility test for 96 h when using 15 and 60 FPU of cellulase, respectively(研究过程). Using the pretreated EFB, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for 168 h with 5% (w/v) glucan loading and 60 FPU of cellulase and 30 CBU of b-glucosidase per gram glucan resulted in ethanol production of 18.6 g/L titer, 65.6% of theoretical maximum yield, and 0.11 g/L/h of productivity(研究结果).摘要简明扼要,顺序依次为研究目的,研究过程,结果研究内容与方法是采用一般过去时态,该摘要前两句使用被动语态,最后一句使用主动语态。
2013中外文数据库检索实习作业(一)中文数据库检索1、检索题目:针灸减肥方面的相关文献?检索用数据库:百链检索年限:2008-2013检索方式:高级检索检索字段:针灸减肥,文献检索词或检索式:每页显示50条检索结果:检出记录数8篇,书名:浅述肥胖与针灸减肥作者:董蕊娟,惠雪莲??文献出处:陕西中医杂志??ISSN:1000-7369??年代:2009??期号:第3期??页码:375??作者单位:西安市第四医院康复理疗科;陕西中医学院;2、检索题目:请查找有关新生儿黄疸治疗方面的文献检索用数据库:万方检索年限:2009-2013检索方式:高级检索检索字段:新生儿黄疸治疗检索词或检索式:新生儿黄疸检索结果:检出记录数68篇,书名:茵栀退黄汤联合蓝光疗法在新生儿黄疸治疗中的临床疗效观察作者:高玉胜作者单位:辽宁省大连瓦房店市第三人民医院辽宁瓦房店116300期刊:中国医学创新Journal:Medical Innovation of China年,卷(期) :2013,?(15)在线出版日期:2013年6月5日360期刊网3、检索题目:请给出关于《中国药理学报》的以下信息:现用名、曾用名、主办单位、影响因子、周期、被引频次、出版地、语种、ISSN、CN、创刊时间以及数据库收载情况刊名:中国药理学报主办单位:中国药理学会;中科院上海ISSN:1671-4083CN:31-1347/R周期地:上海市语种:英文;开本:大16开曾用名:中国药理学报现用刊名:Acta Pharmacologica Sinica创刊时间:1980该刊被以下数据库收录:CA 化学文摘(美)(2009)SCI 科学引文索引(美)(2009)CBST 科学技术文献速报(日)(2009)Pж(AJ) 文摘杂志(俄)(2009)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD—2008)核心期刊:中文核心期刊(2000)中文核心期刊(1996)中文核心期刊(1992)4、检索题目:查找郑代明在2003年发表在《实用儿科临床杂志》中的论文,写出:论文标题和参考文献的篇数。
英语跨学科作业案例摘要:一、引言1.介绍英语跨学科作业的概念2.说明跨学科作业在英语学习中的重要性二、英语跨学科作业案例分析1.案例一:英语与历史的结合a.作业内容:通过研究历史文献,分析并解读英国历史时期的重要事件b.作业目标:提高学生的历史素养,锻炼英语阅读和写作能力2.案例二:英语与科学的结合a.作业内容:以科学实验报告为载体,用英语撰写实验过程和结果b.作业目标:提高学生的科学素养,锻炼英语实际应用能力3.案例三:英语与艺术的结合a.作业内容:观看英文电影,分析电影中的艺术手法,并用英语撰写影评b.作业目标:提高学生的艺术素养,锻炼英语视听能力和写作能力三、英语跨学科作业的优势1.提高学生的综合素质2.增强学生的学习兴趣3.拓展学生的国际视野四、如何更好地开展英语跨学科作业1.教师需具备跨学科知识和技能2.注重作业任务的明确性和挑战性3.鼓励学生进行合作学习和探究式学习正文:英语跨学科作业是一种将英语与其他学科知识相结合的作业形式。
它有助于学生在掌握英语语言技能的同时,拓宽知识领域,培养综合素质。
本文将对几个英语跨学科作业案例进行分析,并探讨其优势以及如何更好地开展英语跨学科作业。
首先,我们来看一个英语与历史结合的案例。
在这个案例中,教师要求学生通过研究历史文献,分析并解读英国历史时期的重要事件。
这种作业形式不仅能够帮助学生提高历史素养,还能锻炼他们的英语阅读和写作能力。
通过这个案例,我们可以看到英语跨学科作业是如何在提高学生语言技能的同时,也培养了他们的学科素养。
其次,我们分析一个英语与科学结合的案例。
在这个案例中,教师让学生以科学实验报告为载体,用英语撰写实验过程和结果。
这样的作业设计有助于提高学生的科学素养,同时锻炼他们的英语实际应用能力。
此外,通过这个案例,我们还可以发现英语跨学科作业能够有效激发学生的学习兴趣,使他们更加投入到学习中。
再来看一个英语与艺术结合的案例。
教师让学生观看英文电影,分析电影中的艺术手法,并用英语撰写影评。
2019-2020学年第2学期《文献信息检索与利用》期末大作业姓名:马冰箫学号: 20181683310105学院:信息与通信工程学院年级: 2018级专业:电子信息类任课老师:李保红成绩:一、课题名称:流体动压型机械密封研究二、课题分析(1)课题来源:兴趣爱好(2)1、中文检索词:流体,动压,机械密封2、英文检索词:fluid,dynamic pressure,Mechanical seal三、选择的检索工具中文数据库:CNKI、万方、维普、百度文库英文数据库:谷歌学术、jstor、IEEE专利:国家知识产权局专利检索分析网搜索引擎;谷歌、百度四、制定检索式(1)中文检索式SU=(’流体’+’机械密封’)(2)外文检索式‘fluid’+‘Mechanical seal’五、检出结果展示(1)搜索引擎检索结果截图(2)中文数据库检索结果截图CNKI数据库检索截图:超星发现检索截图:(3)外文数据库检索截图六、文献综述(一)正文内容1、选题的目的和意义现阶段机械密封的操作条件更加苛刻和多样化。
在一些高参数的密封工况下,传统接触式机械密封磨损严重、寿命较短,已达不到密封的基本要求。
发展流体润滑的非接触式机械密封是保证设备长时间连续正常运转的迫切要求。
流体动压型机械密封是对普通机械密封端面进行简单改型,其结构简单、应用前景广阔,特别适合高压、高温、低粘度等高参数工况。
对流体动压型机械密封的密封机理、研究发展情况和现阶段的工业产品进行了综述。
指出开展深入研究流体动压型机械密封的必要性。
2、选题在国内外的研究现状机械密封的应用研究大大促进了机械密封技术的发展。
Gardner 实验研究了水润滑螺旋槽机械密封性能,并将研究结果成功地应用于潜水泵上。
1984年,Etsion明确提出了零泄漏非接触机械密封的概念,发明了圆叶槽机械密封,随后 Lipschitz也提出了利用剪切流来补偿压差流实现零泄漏的液相开槽机械密封结构。
2013年4月文献检索课中英文检索作业学院:软件学院班级:软件工程****班姓名:** 学号: 2011****检索结果:1. (航空铝合金or 铝合金) and (高速切削or 修改) and (变形理论or 变化) and (形成or 表面)共检索出文献31篇[1][作者] 付秀丽;[导师]艾兴;[作者基本信息] 山东大学,机械制造及其自动化,2007,博士[摘要] 高速切削加工技术是先进制造技术的一项全新的共性实用技术,已成为现代切削加工技术的重要发展方向,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
高速切削技术具有的高的生产效率、加工精度、表面质量和生产成本低等优点,已成为先进制造技术的重要组成部分,自20世纪90年代进入工业化应用后,取得了巨大的经济效益。
航空制造业是高速切削加工的应用最早,最为广泛的行业,其中主承力结构件多数为整体坯料“掏空”的整体结构件,代替传统的拼接结构。
因此高速切削技术在对材料去除率大、加工质量要求高、加工周期长的整体结构件加工中更能体现其独特的优势。
但我国高速切削技术的研究起步较晚,对高速切削基础工艺理论及切削机理深入研究还不足,在理论研究和实际生产推广应用中存在许多问题,不能充分发挥高速切削的优越性。
高速切削加工过程是导致工件表面层产生高应变速率的高速切削变形和刀具与工件之间的高速切削摩擦学行为形成的为热、力耦合不均匀强应力场的制造工艺。
与传统的切削加工相比,加工中工件材料的力学性能、切屑形成、切削力学、切削温度和已加工表面形成等都有其不同的特征和规律。
论文针对高速铣削航空铝合金7050-T7451加工变形理论和表面特征形成进行了系统... 更多[关键词] 高速切削;铝合金7050-T7451;本构方程;切削变形理论;表面特征;[2][作者] 卢建闯;[导师] 王加春;[作者基本信息] 燕山大学,机械制造及其自动化,2011,硕士[摘要] 高速切削加工超硬铝合金产生的锯齿状切屑引起切削力高频振动进而影响工件加工表面质量。
《研究生英语学术写作》期中作业学号:姓名:1.Baic InformationTitle: Multi-UAV Routing for Persistent Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance Missions Author:Satyanarayana G. Manyam, Steven Rasmussen, David W. Casbeer, Krishnamoorthy Kalyanam and Suresh ManickamSource:2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)2.Key sentence patterns in each sectionAbstract:We consider a Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (PISR) routing problem, which includes collecting data from a set of specified task locations and delivering that data to a control station.①We consider a … problem,which includes …The algorithms are tested on several instances and their performance is compared with respect to the optimal cost and computation time.①The algorithms are tested on … and their performance is compared with…I.IntroductionThe various NPSBN stakeholders, (e.g., network planners, public safety agencies, and equipment vendors) have an interest in being able to quantitatively measure the resiliency of proposed and fielded networks.We consider a persistent monitoring scenario, where a set of task locations needs to be visited persistently by multiple UA Vs.We assume all the available UA Vs are homogeneous.①We consider a… scenario, where….②We assume….We are interested in two metrics viz. data latency or delivery time (to the control station) and revisit rate or revisit period. We define the data delivery time (or latency time) as the time elapsed from collection of data from a task to the time the data is delivered to the control station.①We are interested in …②We define the…as…In this article, we consider a persistent routing of tasks that are spatially distributed. Also the data collected at the task locations needs to be delivered at a control station (also referred to as depot). In the existing literature concerning persistent routing, the concept of a control station is not considered and delivery time is not addressed.①In this article, we consider… defined …②In the existing literature concerning …the concept of… is not considered and…is notaddressed.We model this persistent routing problem as a multiple traveling salesman problem with revisit period constraints, and formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem.①We model this … problem as a … problem, and formulated as a … problem.The contributions of this article are the following: (i)We present a novel formulation addressing two important metrics, delivery time and revisit period for the tasks in ISR missions and model it as a multiple vehicle path planning problem with cycle length constraints. (ii) We present two different MILP models to find optimal solutions to the corresponding path planning problem. The two MILP models constitute novel constraints to address the cycle length limits, which could be applied to any general routing problem involving constraints on cycle length. (iii) A heuristic via assignment-tree search is presented that produces good sub-optimal solutions, and it could beeasily generalized to address different cost functions and/or constraints. (iv) We test the algorithms on several random instances and computational results are presented.① The contributions of this article are the following: (i) … (ii) … (iii) …② We present a novel formulation addressing two important metrics …③ We present … model to find optimal solutions to … problem.④ We test the algorithms on …II. PRELIMINARIES AND ASSUMPTIONSSome of the advantages of this class of solutions are the following: we do not need to have communication between UA Vs to update the scheduled tasks at each planning time interval. ① Some of the advantages of this class of solutions are the following: …There are two important metrics that needs to be addressed in PISR missions. The first one is the data delivery time or data latency (i D ) for each task i t . The other metric that we consider is the revisit period of each task.① There are two important metrics that needs to be addressed in … missions. The first one is … The other metric that we consider isIII. PROBLEM FORMULATIONWe model the MILP using node based and arc based formulations; these models are akin to the models in [14] and [12] used to solve the traveling salesman problem with time windows and the distance constrained vehicle routing problem. Similar formulations were also used to solve fuel constrained multiple vehicle routing problem in [13]. In these articles, the constraints on the length of a tour starting from a depot are constrained. In the formulation presented here, the length of a tour starting from a depot to each task and the length starting from the task returning to the depot together are constrained.① We model the …using …② Similar formulations were also used to solve … problem in …③ In these articles, … are constrained.The problem can be stated as the following: find at most v n cycles that minimizes the maximum delivery time such that, ()i each task T is covered by one cycle, and ()ii if a task i t assigned to one of the UA Vs,v , with cycle length v L , then ,v i L R i T ≤∀∈.① The problem can be stated as the following: …()i … ()ii …In the above formulation, the big M -in the constraints (4), (6) is known to cause computational problems [14], [17], and hence make the MILP model computationally less efficient. We propose a second formulation without big M - constraints and compare the computational performance of these two formulations.① In the above formulation, … is known to cause computational problems② We propose a second formulation … and compare the computational performance of these two formulations.IV. ASSIGNMENT TREE SEARCH HEURISTICIn this section, we present a heuristic to solve the PISR routing problem. The heuristic is a greedy assignment tree search, based on the prior work in [18], [19], for planning missions involving multiple UA Vs. Here, we present a synopsis of the tree search algorithm, however one can refer to [18], [19] for further details. This tree search follows a best first search pattern until it finds a feasible assignment.①In this section, we present a ... to solve ... problem②Here, we present a synopsis of the tree search algorithm, however one can refer to [18], [19] for further details. This tree search follows a best first search pattern until it finds a feasible assignment.We use this tree search heuristic to find feasible paths for the PISR routing problem. The algorithm is adapted to find feasible paths, such that the cycle lengths of each UA V adheres to the revisit period constraints of the tasks the UA V is assigned, and minimizes the maximum delivery time of all the tasks.①We use this tree search heuristic to find feasible paths for the PISR routing problem.②The algorithm is adapted to find feasible paths, such that the cycle lengths of each UA V adheres to the revisit period constraints of the tasks the UA V is assigned, and minimizes the maximum delivery time of all the tasks.Next, we discuss how the analysis helps identify high-impact sites that are candidates for additional hardening or redundancy, and how it also identifies low-impact sites whose loss does not dramatically reduce performance. The results in Fig. 5 show that we have a single site whose loss reduces the user coverage from 95.7 % to 92.7 %. In Fig. 6, we show the location of this site. We also show, in green and red respectively, the regions of above- and below-threshold coverage with the site lost. Comparing this figure to Fig. 4b, we observe that the negative impact is confined to the area around Congress Heights and Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling in the southeastern portion of the city. Also, the decrease in coverage is due to the relative isolation of this site; the presence of an additional site would be likely to reduce the impact of the site’s loss.①Next, we discuss how … helps identify …②The results in Fig. 5 show that …③In Fig. 6, we show the …Culling low-impact sites also reduces the ability of the network to handle large-scale incidents that require the deployment of large numbers of public safety resources. To demonstrate this, we simulated the gas leak incident use case defined by NPSTC in [7], which models the “report of a toxic gas leak in a large public assembly building near the National Mall in Washington, DC.” We considered 118 possible locations for the incident, which we show in Fig. 9. At each location, the incident occupies a 1.6 km × 1.6 km square. The incident command personnel are concentrated in a small area; the remainder of the 327 responders and 127 vehicles that compose the response force are deployed uniformly in the incident area. We simulated background traffic associated with routine public safety operations, and superimposed it on the incident traffic. We used the mix of applications and associated offered loads in Exhibit 9 on p. 26 of [8], but reduced by half, to generate the background traffic.①To demonstrate this, we simulated the …②We simulated …③We used the mix of …V.ConclusionsThe resiliency analysis technique in this paper gives network operators a useful tool to assess site deployments. The operator can identify high-impact sites whose loss has a disproportionate effect on performance. The network operator can then expend its limited resources to harden these sites or perform additional monitoring and maintenance, using some of th e best practices identified by NPSTC [1, Section 5.3]. Operators can estimate the probability of below-threshold performance with respect to multiple performance metrics, which also can inform decisions regarding which sites to harden. When examining multiple candidate deployments, an operator can identify thosedeployments that “bake in” resiliency (e.g., by having few high-impact sites) and that in turn free resources that can be expended on building additional capacity.We also showed that while low-impact sites need less hardening or redundancy than high-impact sites, removing lowimpact sites increases a deployment’s vulnerability to failures. An excessive reduction in the number of sites can leave a network vulnerable to even a single failure, if a high-impact site is lost. In addition, the overall network capacity will be decreased by removing sites, which reduces the network’s ability to handle the additional traffic associated with largescale incidents.①… in this paper gives …①We also showed that …3.Specialized termsresiliency 弹性base station deployment 基站部署threshold 阈值network operator 网络运营商antenna gain pattern 天线增益模式transmit power 发射功率signal strength 信号强度Monte Carlo simulator 蒙特卡洛仿真器uplink/downlink coverage 上行/下行覆盖load 负载throughput 吞吐量small deployments 小型部署heuristic algorithm 启发式算法iteration 迭代reliability 可靠性pruning algorithm 剪枝算法4.My reviewThis assignment requires us to find a high-quality scientific paper written by a native English speaker for the sake of their professional academic writing skills and mindset. Through this assignment, I’ve learned a lot of useful sentence patterns in an academic writing. Meanwhile, my skill of finding required academic paper is enhanced. I’m glad to gain such a big improvement, which will certainly enhance my writing ability and Make my research easier, from this English class.。
文献检索作业一、课题名称中文:含铝军用混合炸药爆轰参数的计算英文:Calculation of detonation parameters of aluminized explosive protection二、检索关键词中文:含铝炸药军用混合炸药爆轰参数英文:Aluminized explosivesMilitary mixed explosiveDetonation parameter calculation三、索检索过程1.图书检索数据库名称:中北大学图书馆馆藏数据检索式:炸药配方检中条数:1条结果[1]陆明.炸药的分子与配方设计[M].兵器工业出版社,2004:262-265.2.中,外期刊论文检索数据库名称:兵器科学学术论文数据库检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中文献(共检中3 条结果)无可参文献数据库名称:维普科技期刊整合平台检索式:题名或关键词=含铝炸药并且题名或关键词=爆轰检中条数:33条结果[1]金朋刚,郭炜,王建灵.不同粒度铝粉在HMX基炸药中的能量释放特性[J].含能材料,2015,23(10):989-993.[2]沈飞,王辉.CL-20基含铝炸药爆轰波阵面法向速度与曲率的关系[J].火炸药学报,2015,38(1):8-11.[3]常艳.含铝炸药爆炸能量预估[J].含能材料,2012,20(6):770-774.[4]计冬奎,肖川,杨凯等.含铝炸药JWL状态方程参数的确定[J].火炸药学报,2012,35(5):49-51.[5]冯晓军,黄亚峰,徐洪涛.Al粉对含铝炸药爆轰性能的影响[J].火工品,2012,(1):38-41.[6]马晋雅.含铝典型炸药爆轰参数计算研究[J].天津化工,2011,25(5):17-20.[7]黄辉[1,2],黄亨建[1].以RDX为基的含铝炸药中铝粉粒度和氧化剂形态对加速金属能力的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2006,26(1):7-11.数据库名称:中国知网>>期刊检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到735 条结果参考文献:[1]马晋雅,常双君. 含铝典型炸药爆轰参数计算研究[J]. 天津化工,2011,05:17-20.[2]蒋小华,龙新平,何碧,陈朗,黄毅民,张海斌. 有氧化剂(AP)含铝炸药的爆轰性能[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2005,01:26-30.[3]冯晓军,黄亚峰,徐洪涛. Al粉对含铝炸药爆轰性能的影响[J]. 火工品,2012,01:38-41.[4]常艳,张奇. 含铝炸药爆炸能量预估[J]. 含能材料,2012,06:770-774.[5]于川,李良忠,黄毅民. 含铝炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击,1999,03:82-87.[6]王庭辉,段祝平,苏健军,田清政. 广义C-J条件在计算含铝炸药波头参数中的应用[J]. 含能材料,2013,01:68-74.数据库名称:万方数据>>期刊检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到72条结果参考文献:[1] 陈朗,张寿齐,赵玉华. 不同铝粉尺寸含铝炸药加速金属能力的研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击,1999, 19(3)[2] 于川,李良忠,黄毅民. 含铝炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击,1999,03[3] 常艳,张奇. 含铝炸药爆炸能量预估[J]. 含能材料,2012,06:数据库名称:NRC Research Press检索式:Aluminized explosives detonation检中条数:找到7条结果[1] Cowan, R., Fhckett, W. J. CHem. Phys. 1956(24) : 938[2] Yamada K, Swaoka A B. Very small spherical crystals of distorted diamond found inadetona-tion product of explosive/graphite mixtures and their formation machanism.Carbon,1994,32( 4):665~6733.中外学位论文检索数据库名称:中国知网>>博硕士检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到278 条结果参考文献:[1]韩勇. 含铝炸药非理想爆轰行为的研究[D].中国工程物理研究院北京研究生部,2002.[2]万晓智. 新型含铝炸药爆轰特性及其在土壤中爆炸效应研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2015.[3]王辉. 炸药爆炸产物JWL状态方程参数数值计算[D].西安工业大学,2011.[4]程扬帆. 基于储氢材料的高能乳化炸药爆轰机理和爆炸性能研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2014.数据库名称:万方数据>>学位检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到22条结果参考文献:[1] 卢勇. 高含铝炸药能量释放规律及表征 [D]. 南京理工大学, 2014.[2] 韩勇. 含铝炸药非理想爆轰行为的研究[D].中国工程物理研究院北京研究生部,2002.[3] 程扬帆. 基于储氢材料的高能乳化炸药爆轰机理和爆炸性能研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2014.4.中外会议论文数据库名称:中国知网>>会议检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到58 条结果参考文献:[1]何中其,彭金华,陈网桦,黄磊,饶国宁,瞿新富. 炸药爆轰性能的模糊评估方法[P]. 江苏:CN102033988A,2011-04-27.[2]王晓峰,冯晓军,徐洪涛,田轩,封雪松,黄亚峰,冯博. 非理想炸药爆炸作功能力测量装置[P].陕西:CN103412107A,2013-11-27.[3]董军,王玉,王彩玲,宋振伟,轩春雷,韩涛,徐洪涛. 含能热塑性弹性体对含铝炸药爆轰性能的影响研究[A]. 中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会.第二届全国危险物质与安全应急技术研讨会论文集[C].中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会:,2013:4.[4]郭向利,韩勇,刘世俊. 含铝炸药爆速的预估[A]. 中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会.第二届全国危险物质与安全应急技术研讨会论文集[C].中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会:,2013:7.[5]蒋跃强,刘永刚,田新,张建虎. 基于经验公式的含铝炸药爆速、爆压预估研究[A]. 中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会.第二届全国危险物质与安全应急技术研讨会论文集[C].中国工程物理研究院、北京理工大学、中国化学会:,2013:6.数据库名称:万方数据>>会议检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰检中条数:找到14条结果参考文献:[1] 蒋小华中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所(四川绵阳)陈朗龙新平何碧. 含铝炸药爆轰参数计算 [P]. 绵阳: 2002-9-14.[2] 陈朗, 北京理工大学机电工程学院,方清, 赵玉华,冯长根. 含铝炸药爆轰数值模拟研究 [P]. 陕西:2000.10.23.数据库名称:NSTL全国开通文献检索式:Aluminized explosives detonation检中条数:找到2条结果[1] Katsum,Tanaka. Detonation Properties ofHigh Explosives Calculated by RevisedKihara-HikitaEquationof State. The Eighth symposium(International) on Detonation, 1985.7.255.中文标准文献检索数据库名称:欢迎来到国家标准文献共享服务平台检索式:爆轰计算检中条数:找到6条结果参考文献无可参文献6.中文专利文献数据库名称:中国知网>>专利检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰计算检中条数:找到6条结果参考文献:[1]何中其,彭金华,陈网桦,黄磊,饶国宁,瞿新富. 炸药爆轰性能的模糊评估方法[P]. 江苏:CN102033988A,2011-04-27.[2]王晓峰,冯晓军,徐洪涛,田轩,封雪松,黄亚峰,冯博. 非理想炸药爆炸作功能力测量装置[P].陕西:CN103412107A,2013-11-27.数据库名称:万方数据>>专利检索式:含铝炸药and爆轰计算检中条数:找到10条结果参考文献:无可参文献论文文献综述论文题目:含铝军用混合炸药爆轰参数的计算一、前言军用含铝炸药也称为高威力的混合炸药,在炸药中加入不同比例的铝粉制成的一种炸药,也叫铝化炸药,这类炸药在爆轰事可产生高爆热和高爆容,因为加入的铝与爆轰产物(二氧化碳,水)发生二次反应并产生大量热量,且反应时间较长,从而使得爆轰产物的温度与压力衰减速率下降,较大程度上提高了炸药的能量输出,进而增强炸药的做功能力,爆炸时作用范围扩大,破片温度提高,并有利于水中气泡的扩大与增压,含铝炸药具有优良性能,目前已在国内外得到广泛应用作为军用混合炸药的一个重要系列,含铝炸药广泛用于空对地武器弹药、对舰武器弹药以及水下武器弹药等。
[ 国际商务英语毕业论文范文(英文)] 2。
文献综述2.1分别介绍了ERP系统的集成变更管理会计到管理会计ERP系统的期望,特别是他们的四阶段模型,成本和性能测量第四卡普兰和库珀(1998年,第11-24页)系统。
当一家公司有第一阶段的系统,这些系统基本上是不够的所有目的而言,即使是财务报告。
当他们做出改进,第一阶段企业往往会增加金融体系,以满足监管要求。
因此,他们发展到第二阶段的系统,财务报告系统主宰,这些公司财务报告驱动。
公司与第三阶段系统定制,管理相关的成本管理,财务报告和绩效测量系统,然而,这些系统都是独立的。
ERP系统只发生在第四个阶段的系统,ERP系统的集成成本管理,财务报告和性能测量(卡普兰和库珀,1998年,第299页)。
ERP系统有一个共同的数据结构,它允许将数据输入在世界的任何地方访问(卡普兰和库珀,1998年,第275页)。
基于活动的成本核算系统是ERP系统的一个组成部分,因此,管理者在运作层面的决策时,对目前和未来的活动信息(卡普兰和库珀,1998年,第275-277页,285)。
使用基于活动的信息,货币的扭曲可以减少。
活动信息反馈,提高了学习。
因此,在活动的管理,成本核算,预算,性能测量,奖金,资源消费,预测,预算,生产,在效率和效益方面beimproved。
ERP系统将使该公司获得的成本和性能信息,更频繁,甚至每天,卡普兰和库珀(1998年,第301-306页)状态,而不是等待一个月(卡普兰和库珀,1998年,第279页)。
与ERP系统的整合,让所有的管理流程,包括预算,what-if分析,转让定价活动的基础上,而不仅仅是美元。
基于活动的预算,使公司的机会,以授权和控制资源的基础上准确的需求信息。
作业基础预算的准确度会增加,因为是基于事实,权力,影响力和谈判能力时少。
此外,预算编制重点的活动级别导致更多在所有直接的,特别是间接活动的需求预测的准确度。
在卡普兰和库珀的同时(1998)重要的书,达文波特(1998,p。
Aqueous ammonia pretreatment of oil palm empty fruitbunches for ethanol production该标题简洁,用词简短,明了,体现了标题的准确性,突出重点。
本文的重点就是Aqueous ammonia pretreatment,这是一个名词性结构,其后接一个限制性介词短语of oil palm empty fruit bunches,ethanol production这个名词性结构为研究目的,而且标题不是由句子组成,这样能突出所研究的主题和内容,而不是明确表达一种结论。
ABSTRACTOil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were pretreated by aqueous ammonia soaking for ethanol production(研究目的). Pretreated EFB, which were pretreated at the optimal conditions of 60 °C, 12 h, and 21% (w/w) aqueous ammonia, showed 19.5% and 41.4% glucose yields during an enzymatic digestibility test for 96 h when using 15 and 60 FPU of cellulase, respectively(研究过程). Using the pretreated EFB, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for 168 h with 5% (w/v) glucan loading and 60 FPU of cellulase and 30 CBU of b-glucosidase per gram glucan resulted in ethanol production of 18.6 g/L titer, 65.6% of theoretical maximum yield, and 0.11 g/L/h of productivity(研究结果).摘要简明扼要,顺序依次为研究目的,研究过程,结果研究内容与方法是采用一般过去时态,该摘要前两句使用被动语态,最后一句使用主动语态。
叙述实验结果,也采用了过去时。
1.IntroductionOil palm trees, Elaeis guineensis, are cultivated extensively in humid tropical areas for edible oil production (Kelly-Yong et al., 2007). After the reddish fruits of the palm oil tree have grown in large bunches, the empty fruit bunches (EFB), which account for 20% of the total oil palm biomass, are removed during oil processing (Kelly-Yong et al., 2007). Every year 14.9 and 37.7 million tons of EFB are produced in Malaysia and worldwide, respectively (Akhtar et al., 2010). Since the bunches are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose that are not easily digested, these bunches are the primary material that must be subjected to waste treatment in the palm industry.(主要叙述生物乙醇领域的研究现状,和存在的原料利用不足的问题)In this study, aqueous ammonia pretreatment, which is known to enhancesaccharification and ethanol yields mainly by removing lignin from lignocellulose (Li and Kim, 2011; Jung et al., 2011), was applied to EFB containing lignin of over 30%, which is higher than that of other lignocellulosic biomass. The optimization of the aqueous ammonia pretreatment process for EFB was conducted by varying the pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, solid:liquid (S/L) ratio, and ammonia concentration based on the glucose yield as determined by an enzymatic digestibility test. Protein binding experiments using a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), CtCBD3, were conducted to enzyme accessibility of the pretreated EFB. Also, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were conducted using pretreated biomass to evaluate the performance of the ammonia-pretreated EFB. This study provides the experimental results describing the feasibility of using EFB for ethanol production following alkaline pretreatment (主要解决了废物利用和研究的创新点,即用氨水预处理棕榈树枝条生产生物乙醇).前言起到提纲挈领和吸引读者的重要作用,它主要包括了研究现状,及存在的问题和主要解决的问题以及本文的创新性。
叙述现状及存在问题时主要采用一般现在时态,叙述实验解决的问题时常采用一般过去时态,还是采用被动语态。
2.Methods2.1. EFB and celluloseEFB obtained from Tropical Chase (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) were ground using a high-speed rotary cutting mill (MF 10, IKA, Staufen, Germany) to give particle sizes ranging from 706 to 125 lm (25–120 mesh). The composition of the EFB based on its total dry weight was 35.6% (w/w) glucan, 14.7% xylan, 3.6% mannan, 35.4% acid-insoluble lignin, and 5.8% ash. The water-soluble solids content of the EFB biomass was 17.7% (w/w) of the total biomass, in which the monomeric sugar contents of glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, fructose, and sucrose were 2.4%, 2.3%, 1.4%, 3.1%, 3.3%, 1.2%, and 4.2% (w/w) of the water-soluble solids. Avicel (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was used as a pure cellulose control.2.2. Ammonia pretreatment of EFBTen grams of dried EFB were soaked in a certain concentration of aqueous ammoniasolution (Junsei, Tokyo, Japan). The slurry was then incubated at a certain temperature for a certain length of time without agitation. The pretreated EFB slurry was thenfiltered using a filtration cloth (a pore size of 22–25 lm; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) to recover the insoluble solids. The recovered solids were washed with distilled water until pH 6.5–7.0, and were transferred to a clean dish and then dried in a vacuum-drying oven (SH-45S, BioFree, Seoul, Republic of Korea) at 45 °C for 3 days.2.3. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated EFBEnzymatic hydrolysis to evaluate pretreatment effectiveness was conducted in a 20 mL vial with 1% (w/v) glucan loading and 15 FPU of Accellerase 1000/g glucan according to NREL LAP-009 (Brown and Torget, 1996). The enzyme reaction mixture containing pretreated and washed EFB, cellulase and 0.05 M sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.8 was incubated at 50 °C and 170 rpm in duplicate.2.4. SSF of pretreated EFBTo investigate the fermentability of the pretreated EFB, SSF were conducted at 38 °C using NREL LAP-008 with a modification of enzyme loading to 60 FPU and 30 CBU/g glucan and 5% (w/v) of biomass input in the SSF medium (Hayward et al., 1995).2.5. Analytical methodsCarbohydrate composition of EFB was analyzed by NREL LAP- 002 for two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis method (Ruiz and Ehrman,1996). The hydrolysis products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Agilent 1100, Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) using a Pb2+ cation-exchange column (SP0810, Shodex, Showa Denko K.K., Kawasaki, Japan). The lignin content of EFB was determined by NREL LAP-003 (Templeton and Ehrman, 1995). Ethanol in SSF broth was analyzed by a gas chromatograph with a flame ion detector (Agilent 7890, Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, NC). All the analyses were conducted in triplicate.这一部分主要说明本实验的材料方法和基本过程,回答了怎样做的问题,起承上启下的作用,实验对象本实验以棕榈树枝为研究对象,符合杂志要求。