翻译三级笔译综合能力真题2016年下半年ⅠVocabulary and Grammar(60pionts)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)1、Many people find Stanley Jordan's music entertaining.Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.A.alterB.alleviateC.allureD.alternate2、In many parts of East Africa at that time,wild animals were so______ that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.rgeB.rareC.numerousD.wary3、The finest films of the silent era depended on two______that we can seldom provide today-a large and receptive audience and a well-orchestrated score.A.gradientsB.focusesC.elementsD.thoughts4、Despite their seemingly______architecture,the pyramids of Giza are actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering.A.romanticplexC.classicalD.simplistic5、Her pregnancy was not easy:the typical morning sickness that often______ the first three months affected her every day for nine months.A.confrontedB.harmonizedC.accompaniedD.developed6、Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that______plays in the scientific discovery.A.projectB.researchC.geniusD.luck7、We must be committed______the deep greenhouse gas reductions since we need to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change.A.onB.withC.inD.to8、When I was15,my brother,and then my father,were all______ill,both with brain tumors.Instead of going to school,I had to stay at home and look after them.A.treatedB.struckC.announcedD.driven9、In Charles Dickens'A Christmas Carol,Scrooge is a particularly______ character,refusing to give his assistant a raise,despite his enormous wealth.A.meanB.amiableC.generousD.notorious10、Classroom observation was,no doubt,the most direct means of gaining ______into teachers'English language instruction as well as learners' classroom behavior.A.intrusionB.insightC.intuitionD.interview11、Although some insist that all behaviors are learned,there are others who hold that some behaviors are______,existing before any learning occurs.A.negligentB.durableC.innateD.customary12、Most house fires can be avoided through such simple______as proper education and a well-placed fire extinguisher.A.proceduresB.prohibitionsC.precautionsD.processes13、No matter how______snowmobiles are driven,they are capable of damaging the land over which they travel.A.dangerouslyB.seriouslyC.technicallyD.discreetly14、By providing people with information about their electricity use-down to every plugged-in device in a home or business-they can make choices that save money and______efficiency and convenience.A.maximizeB.intensifypressD.facilitate15、Nowadays many people are frustrated with serious______,especially when faced with something they do not want to do.A.delinquencyB.deficiencyC.delayD.defence16、It might be a good idea if educators could make knowledge about environmental protection an important part of the______school curricula.A.regularB.necessaryC.intensiveD.systematic17、As hard as it is to have an honest dialogue about business decisions, it is even harder to give individuals honest______.This is true for both employees and employers.A.elaborationB.feedbackC.repetitionD.conclusion18、Hoping to______the dispute,negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be acceptable to both labor and management.A.resolveB.reverseC.removeD.resist19、The linguist discovered striking similarities between a nearly______ language spoken in central Siberia and various languages spoken by native Americans.A.extinctB.ethnicC.exoticD.erratic20、John Smith hoped that the committee would not recommend a course of action that would______an already bad situation in the workplace.promiseB.exacerbateC.negotiateD.formulatePart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them one word or phrase isunderlined,and below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing,any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)21、They did their best to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel,preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible.A.involvedB.inclinedC.indulgedD.included22、Because their roots are external and their leaf bases clasp,palm trees are rigid and upright,yet elastic enough to bend in strong winds.A.eligibleB.flexibleC.thinD.soft23、Clara Brodeur tried hard to pull herself away from her famous mother, the renowned photographer,whose towering reputation rests on the nude portraits she took of her young daughter.A.notableB.apparentC.conspicuousD.prominent24、The following excerpt is the beginning of a memoir,published in1989, by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada when she was a teenager.A.dissertationB.introductionC.publicationD.selection25、The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the workplace began to show results in the last century:women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields.A.sharedB.wantedC.elevatedD.obtained26、Lord Chatham who had the same feeling naturally seconded the proposal, but he wondered why they had to make a choice.A.substitutedB.submittedC.supportedD.supervised27、Not one to be easily frightened,the corporal remained composed while the opposing army pressed toward his troop's position.A.calmB.crossC.cozyD.casual28、The Internet is rapidly becoming another means of disseminating information traditionally made available through radio and television stations.A.creatingB.interpretingC.spreadingD.expressing29、Flints'finds in the region extending from the Nile Valley tothehighlan ds of easternlraq testify to the presence of people as long as100,000years ago.A.prophesyB.demonstrateC.implyD.mention30、Greg had a premonition that the day would not go well,and just as he feared, he had two important quizzes ahead.A.predictionB.sensationC.feelingD.intention31、No matter how many readers already revere Amy Tan,their appreciation for her will grow10fold after experiencing these unforgettable revelations.A.valueB.admireC.familiarizeD.memorize32、AUK study revealed that the children who demonstrated the highest measure of happiness came from families in which both parents worked outside the home.yerB.tierC.degreeD.scale33、Gregor was a gifted violinist who was diligent about practicing,showinga dedication to his art that even surpassed his talent.A.industriousB.ingeniousC.incredibleD.intelligent34、The English language,in particular,is a great arena in which etymologists can explore history through words.A.sourceB.originC.theaterD.field35、Even those who do not concur with Robinson's views recognize him as a candidate who has courageously refused to compromise his convictions.A.allyB.agreeC.aspireD.argue36、The two knights engaged in a perilous fight.It would not end until one of them lay dead on the ground.A.seriousB.dividedC.riskyD.humble37、A study shows that while some women continued to outpace men in achievements, they ceased making real progress at the top of an organization.A.stoppedB.retardedC.containedD.prevented38、Jane felt wishy-washy about whether to go to the party or not.On the one hand,it seemed like fun,but on the other,it was very boring.A.amicableB.ambientC.amiableD.ambivalent39、It is reported that several kinds of turtles have lived more than30years in captivity,but in natural environments,some can live as long as50years.A.confinementB.concealmentC.custodyD.cage40、As a tradition,important persons in the town would stand up in front of their communities to give the oration on July4each year.A.eloquenceB.speechC.topicD.contentPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error,and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)41、Only since the publication of her first novel,Olivia has been considering herself a true writer.A.Olivia consideredB.has Olivia consideredC.was Olivia consideringD.could Olivia be able to consider42、It was said that the board of directors decide to put Peter in charge of the work.A.decidedB.has decidedC.had decidedD.have decided43、We believe that the parcel will reach you safely by the time you read the mail.A.reachesB.will have reachedC.has reachedD.would reach44、This method saved half the labor that will be needed to move all the books downstairs.A.would needB.would be neededC.would have neededD.would have been needed45、Sally appears being a hard time convincing her husband to give up smoking.A.to beB.have beenC.to be havingD.having had46、Jennie is going to make a call and it rang.A.was about...whenB.is about...whenC.was about...whileD.is about...while47、No other quality is more important for an armyman to acquire like to obeya military order.A.so as toB.than toC.just as toD.as to48、If the food were as dangerous as some people think,more lot of us would be getting sick.A.more a lot of usB.a lot of more usC.a lot more of usD.a lot of us more49、The science of agriculture,which we owe a great deal,is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.for whichB.with whichC.in whichD.to which50、It is true that to find trained people is more difficult than we get financial support for a research project.A.gettingB.to gettingC.getD.to get51、The reason the hills were natural places for planting fruit trees wassince there is more sunlight.A.forB.thatC.whatD.because52、An ambulance was pulling over.Somebody would be hurt or sick somewhere nearby.A.must beB.should have beenC.should beD.must have been53、Her parents must not receive any message about her.They don't know what has happened to her.A.must not have receivedB.ought not to receiveC.not ought to have receivedD.not ought to receive54、My father used to make me repeating his instructions to make sure that I knew what I was doing after he had gone to work.A.repeat...doB.to repeat...doC.repeat...to doD.to repeat...to do55、No one could understand him postponing in making the decision until it was too late to do so.A.his postponing to makeB.why he postponed makingC.him to postpone to makeD.him to postpone making56、My PC is out of order,the experiment has to be put off.A.beingB.wasC.beD.has been57、He was told the whole story,John decided not to see the film.A.TellingB.Having toldC.Been toldD.Having been told58、Bob refused a good salary job and said he might refuse even if they may offer him twice as much.A.would refuse...offeredB.could have refused...had offeredC.could refuse...might offerD.would have refused...offering59、It is only because by an exercise of self-control thus he could concentrate on his reading with noises outside.A.It was only...thenB.Being only...hadC.It was only...thatD.Only...that60、Computers will develop more successfully because they enable us to fulfill tasks that wasn't able to undertake ever before.A.couldn't be undertakenB.mustn't have been undertakenC.could never before have been undertakenD.would never before have undertakenⅡReading Comprehension(30pionts)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with4(A,B,C andD.choices to answer the question or complete the statement.You must choose the one which you think fits best.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Why do readers of New Scientist continue to get steamed up about race?After all,it can be used as an innocuous technical term by anthropologists.But all too often discussions of"race"lead to"racism",and tempers begin to fray.Before the18th century,race merely described a group of common cultural origin,not one defined by immutable characteristics.Unfortunately,this usage changed as the Western powers colonized Asia and Africa and needed a way to characterize the peoples they subjected as not only different,but inferior.A long list of scientists helped to"classify"the races.Among them were some of the famous names of the18th and19th centuries:Linnaeus,Cuvier, Haeckel,Huxley and Buffon.Although their classifications rarely agreed, many accepted that the races were fundamentally different and could be arranged with Caucasians at the top.Only after the Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics did the notion of a league table start to crumble.By the1940s,UNESCO could emphatically state:"Racism falsely claims that there is a scientific basis for arranging groups hierarchically in terms of psychological and cultural characteristics that are immutable and innate."That groups cannot be arranged hierarchically does not mean that anthropologists cannot set up classifications which divide people into different groups,or that such classifications will not be useful,as several of our latter writers point out.For example,they can provide vital tools (along with language distribution)to reconstruct the prehistoric movements of peoples.Where genetic data are available,these reconstructions can be greatly refined.In other contexts,such classifications are misleading.Many of the differences they record(including facial features,skin and hair color)are most probably superficial adaptations to local climate.Although useful as indicators of the origin of different groups,they imply nothing fundamental about differences between them.Attempts to assess more important differences between groups(of any number of cognitive abilities,for example)always come to the same very well-known conclusion-that the differences between individuals within one racial group are much larger than the differences between the average members of two such groups.What this means is that it is impossible to say anything about a particular individual's ability because of his or her race(however,defined)because the spread of variation within a race is larger than the average difference between races.Racism can thus receive no support from science,even though a classification of races can be scientifically useful.Lay people sometimes put more faith in the concept of race than scientists do,perhaps because they believe they can quite easily identify a person's race or even nationality.But it's not that easy:our correspondent from Le Vesinet,for example,identified some of the people in our recent feature ("Genes in Black and White")as Australian,Sicilian,Sumatran and Brazilian. In fact,they came from Sweden,Greece,the Central African Republic and Russia.61、The phrase"steamed up"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.vaporizedB.interestedC.agitatedD.scared62、Before the18th century,the word"race"was used______.A.to describe the people of common origin and cultureB.by anthropologists for classifications of racesC.to indicate the hierarchy of different groupsD.rarely by ordinary people63、Some Western colonizers thought that they were______.A.arrogantB.weakC.inferiorD.superior64、The classification of races by famous18th-and19th-century scientists were______.efulB.hierarchicalC.valuableD.significant65、The Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics helped to______.A.promote the notion of a league tableB.get rid of the notion of a league tableC.establish the UNESCOD.arrange groups hierarchically66、The classifications of races by anthropologists are useful in that they ______.A.divide people into different groupsB.help to define prehistoric human movementsC.contribute to language distributionD.provide tools for the study of prehistoric human movements67、Anthropologists'classifications are sometimes misleading because they ______.A.imply fundamental differences between groupsB.refine the reconstruction of prehistoric human movementsC.do not imply the basic differences between groupsD.tell nothing about the influence of local climate68、Compared with differences between individuals within a group,the differences between groups are______.A.much greaterB.smallerC.more importantD.not clearly defined69、Racism receives little support from science because______.A.a classification of races can be scientifically usefulB.an individual's ability is determined by his or her raceC.the spread of variation within a race is largerD.the notion of racism has already become insignificant70、Which of the following is the appropriate title of the passage?______A.How to Get Rid of RacismB.New ScientistC.The Concept of RaceD.Reasons for RacismNow online provision is transforming higher education,giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch,opening new opportunities for the agile,and threatening doom for the slow and average.The roots are decades old.Britain's Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971.MIT and others have been posting lectures on the Internet for a decade.But the change in2012has been electrifying.Two start-ups,both spawned by Stanford University,are recruiting students at an astonishing rate for "massive open online courses"or MOOCs.In January,Sebastian Thrun,a computer-science professor there,announced the launch of Udacity.It started to offer courses the next month-a nanosecond by the standards of old-style university decision-making.In April,two of Mr.Thrun's ex-colleagues launched a rival,Coursera.At first,it offered online courses from four universities.By August,it had signed up1million students,now boasting over2million.Harvard and MIT announced they would launch edX,a non-profit venture.Other schools have joined,too.One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education.The cost per student in the U.S.has risen at almost five times the rate of inflation since1983.For universities beset by heavy debts, smaller taxpayer subsidies and a cyclical decline in enrollment,online courses mean better tuition,higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees. New technology also gives the innovative a chance to shine against their rivals.MOOCs are more than good university lectures available online.The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework, such as automated tests,quizzes and even games.Real-life lectures have no pause,rewind(or fast-forward)buttons;MOOCs let students learn at their own pace,typically with short,engaging videos.The cost of the courses canbe spread over huge numbers of students.MOOCs enrich education for worldwide students,especially the cash-strapped,and those dissatisfied with what their own colleges are offering.But for others,especially in poor countries, online education opens the door to yearning for opportunities.Some of Europe's best schools are determinedly unruffled.Oxford says that MOOCs"will not prompt it to change anything",adding that it"does not see them as revolutionary in anything other than scale".Cambridge even says it is"nonsense"to see MOOCs as a rival;it is"not in the business of online education".Such universities are likely to continue to attract the best(and richest)applicants who want personal tuition and the whiff of research in the air.For these places,MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity.To compete head-on with established providers,MOOCs must not just teach but also provide credible qualifications.The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree.This may be one reason for MOOCs'high dropout rates.Another worry is that online tests are open to cheating and plagiarism.Peer grading even if honest,may be flawed.71、______was the first to offer the open lectures.A.HarvardB.MITC.Britain's Open UniversityD.Stanford University72、The word"MOOCs"underlined in Paragraph2is______.A.a shortened version of"massive online open courses"B.abbreviated from"massive open online courses"C.another type of open classroom coursesD.equivalent to flipped classroom teaching73、From Paragraph1,we can know that______.A.online education programs spring up like mushroomsB.Udacity,Coursera and edX are not rivalsC.other schools have joined Stanford and HarvardD.Online courses are offered by non-profit universities74、Universities embracing new technology in launching online courses DON'T consider______.A.better tuitionB.more innovationsC.lower-cost degreesD.higher graduation rates75、Compared with real-life lectures,MOOCs are offered to______.A.allow students to pause during academic talksB.encourage students to rewind the buttons to track the tapesC.enable students to learn in their classrooms with videosD.integrate academic talks with interactive coursework76、Paragraph5indicates that some of the best European universities______.A.cannot remain calm in the face of MOOCsB.regard MOOCs as a revolution in higher educationC.prefer traditional education to online provisionsD.attract the best applicants to challenge online courses77、The phrase"a marketing opportunity"underlined in Paragraph5suggests ______.A.some universities use MOOCs as a publicity facility onlyB.students can obtain their degrees with the lowest costsC.MOOCs,as any other online courses,mean better tuitionD.MOOCs can reduce financial pressure on the universities78、The MOOCs'dropout rate is high because______.A.they lose to the established providersB.they don't allow students to cheat in online testsC.they are not aware of the importance of qualificationsD.most courses offered don't provide degrees79、The phrase"peer grading"underlined in the last paragraph means______.A.the honesty of studentsB.the flaws in students'charactersC.students'assessment of their classmatesD.students of the same age and social status80、The passage implies that online courses are______.A.transforming higher educationB.creating new opportunities for the bestC.bringing some problems to the rest of studentsD.helping improve traditional classroom instructionThe world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years,the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to 1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and"secular stagnation",while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in the U.S.,where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out the workforce.This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also,in some ways, society as a whole.Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government budgets will be in better shape,as high earners pay taxes longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries,where half of all50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education.At the other end of the social scale,however,things look grim.Manual work gets harder as people get older,and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed.Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial.Wealthy old people willaccumulate more savings,which will weaken demand.Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance,entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes.So long as they replace less-fair taxes,that might make sense.This would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than salt it away.But governments should focus not on redistributing income but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education.How likely are governments to make these changes?Look around the rich world today,and it is hard to be optimistic.The swelling ranks of older voters,and their disproportionate propensity to vote,have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms.Germany,despite being the fastest-ageing country in Europe,plans to cut the statutory retirement age for some people.In the U.S.,both social security(the public pension scheme)and the fast-growing system of disability benefits remain untouched by reform.Politicians need to convince less-skilled older voters that it is in their interests to go on working.Doing so will not be easy. But the alternative-economic stagnation and even greater inequality-is worse.81、The word"staggering"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.swayingB.unstableC.zigzaggingD.astounding82、Observers believe that the rise in the number of old people will NOT______.A.affect the longevity of the elderlyB.bust government budgetsC.lead to secular stagnationD.slow down economic growth83、There is a new trend in the U.S.,where______.A.there appears a baby boomB.more younger unskilled people are unemployedC.more older skilled people are working longerD.both B and C84、Which of the following notions tends to be ignored as a new trend?______A.The big gap between the well-educated and the undereducated.B.The wide gap between male and female workers.C.The widening gap between the skilled and the unskilled.D.The growing gap between the working young and the idle old.85、The new trend may also benefit society,for______.A.economic growth will slow down as expectedB.high-earning old people pay taxes longerernment budgets will be in the redernments encourage early retirement86、Rich countries find the burden of ageing easier to bear because their aged people______.A.may pay less taxesB.may enjoy early retirement。
