河南工程学院毕业论文设计
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工程学院毕业设计
论信用证支付方式的风险防对策
学生:00 0000
学 号:000000000000
系 (部):空空空空 系
专 业:
指导教师:
2012年2月22日 word
1 / 15 摘要
随着国际贸易的发展,信用证方式逐渐成为国际贸易常使用的一种支付方式。信用证是国际贸易发展到一定程度的历史产物,是银行与金融机构参与国际贸易结算的过程中逐步形成的,与此同时,它也促进了国际贸易的发展。信用证支付方式把由进口人履行付款责任,转为由银行来付款,保证出口人安全迅速收到货款,买方按时收到货运单据。因此,在一定程度上解决了进出口人之间互不信任的矛盾;同时,也为进出口双方提供了资金融通的便利。所以,自出现信用证以来,这种支付方式发展很快,并在国际贸易中被广泛运用。当今,信用证付款已成为国际贸易中普遍采用的一种主要的支付方式。
虽然信用证因受到各国进出口商的青睐,但是由于信用证一般都用于国际性的交易,涉及多方交易主体,进出口双方及各国银行往往以各自的利益为出发点办事。因此,信用证各有关当事人之间的争议和纠纷经常发生,特别是在经济危机、市场不景气的时候,进口商和开证行往往挑剔单据上某些容不符要求,借口提出异议,拖延甚至拒绝付款,这就引起了一定的风险,所以说,信用证支付方式还是存在一定的风险的。
关键词:信用证支付方式 存在的风险 防对策
Abstract
With the development of international trade, letter of credit in international trade has gradually
bee a monly used means of payment. Letters of credit in international trade has developed to a
certain degree of historical product of the banking and financial institutions to participate in
international trade settlement process of evolving at the same time, it also promoted the
development of international trade. Means a letter of credit from the importer to fulfill payment
obligations, to the payment by the bank to ensure the safety of the rapid export of receiving
payment, the buyer shipping documents received on time. Therefore, to some extent solved the
distrust between the import and export the conflict; At the same time, both for import and export
financing provided convenience. Therefore, since the emergence of the letter of credit, such
payments developed rapidly, and in international trade have been widely used. Today, the letter of
credit has bee widely used in international trade as a major method of payment.
Although the letter of credit to importers and exporters due to the favor of all countries, but
generally as a result of letters of credit for international transactions, the main multi-party
transactions, both import and export and international banks tend to their business interests. word
2 / 15 Therefore, the relevant letter of credit disputes between the parties and disputes often occur,
particularly in the economic crisis, the market downturn, the importer and the issuing firms tend to
find fault with some of the content of documents does not match the requirements of an excuse to
raise objections, delay or even refuse to payment, which caused a certain amount of risk, so that the
existence of the letter of credit or payment of a certain degree of risk.
word
3 / 15 目录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………1
前言……………………………………………………………………………………………5
一、信用证的特点……………………………………………………………………………5
(一)、信用证是银行以自己的信用作出的付款保证………………………………………5
(二)、信用证是一种自足文件,不依附于贸易合同而独立存在…………………………5
(三)、信用证业务是纯粹的单据买卖………………………………………………………5
二、信用证存在的风险………………………………………………………………………6
(一)、进口商的风险…………………………………………………………………………6
1、出口商不守信用带来的风险…………………………………………………………7
2、出口商与承运人勾结带来的风险……………………………………………………7
3、承运人不守信用带来的风险…………………………………………………………7
(二)、出口商的风险…………………………………………………………………………7
1、单证不符带来的风险…………………………………………………………………7
2、不按合同交货带来的风险……………………………………………………………7
3、开证银行或保兑银行的资信出现问题带来的风险…………………………………8
4、买方通过伪造信用证、“软条款”信用证带来的风险……………………………8
(三)、银行存在的风险………………………………………………………………………8
1、议付银行的风险………………………………………………………………………8
2、开证银行的风险………………………………………………………………………9
3、进出口双方合谋欺诈给银行带来的风险…………………………………………9
三、信用证支付方式风险的防措施……………………………………………………………9
(一)、进口商的防措施……………………………………………………………………10
1、必须事先调查出口商的资信资产及经营道德………………………………………10
2、选用恰当的贸易术语…………………………………………………………………10
3、进口商应要求银行严格审查出口商所提供的单据…………………………………10(二)、出口商的防措施……………………………………………………………………10
1、必须认真、仔细地审核信用证,确保信用证中无“陷阱”和“软条款”………10
2、必须认真审查开证行的资信能力,加强对开证行的资信调查……………………10 word
4 / 15 3、加强出口企业业务人员对信用证专业知识的培训…………………………………10
4、认真买卖合同…………………………………………………………………………10
(三)、银行的防措施………………………………………………………………………10
1、加强对进出口企业的资信调查………………………………………………………11
2、加强银行部的管理和调控…………………………………………………………11
3、开证行加强对单据的控制……………………………………………………………11
(四)、其他方面的防措施…………………………………………………………………11
1、努力提高业务人员素质,保持高度的警惕性………………………………………11
2、认真缮制单据,严把单据制作关……………………………………………………11
3、信用证的当事人应各行其责…………………………………………………………11
结论……………………………………………………………………………………………12
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………13
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………14