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Unit 5 The Plug-in Drug: TV and the American FamilyA quarter of a century after the introduction of television into American society, a period that has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life that in at least one state the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, 1safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes, cooking utensils, and the like, television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life. Only in the early years of television did writers and commentators2have sufficient perspective to separate the activity of watching television from the actual content it offers the viewer. In those early days writers frequently discussed the effects of television on family life. However a curious 3myopia afflicted those early observers: almost without exception they regarded television as a favorable, beneficial, indeed, 4wondrous influence upon the family.在电视机这项发明进入美国人生活的25后，他已经在美国人的生活中根深蒂固，甚至美国至少有一个州的法律规定电视机是生活的必须品，而且如果负债，它可以和衣物,厨具一样免于作为财产抵押，而且看电视也成为人们生活中非常普遍甚至是不可避免的活动。
Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. 正如锻炼增强心脏和肺、骨骼和肌肉,它也可能启动大脑。
2. We shall never see his match.2。
我们将再也见不到他的对手。
3. The vote was 35 to 25, a margin of 10.3。
投票的结果是35岁至25岁的保证金10分)。
4. The report is thoroughly sourced.4。
这个报告是彻底产于中国。
5. This hotel can’t be matched for friendliness5。
这家旅馆是无可匹敌的为友好She was rather advanced in years for a maiden.。
她比我更先进的多年的少女。
7. Every one of us poured forth his expertise.7。
我们每一个人都倒出来他的专业知识。
.. I’ll not abus e your hospitality.. .我不会辜负你的热情款待。
9. “I long for you terribly. The moment we say good-bye and I close the door, my torment begins.”9。
“我渴望你的很烂。
现在我们说再见,我关上门,我的痛苦又要开始了10. Our arguments were often brought before our father, and I guess I was either generally in the right, or else a better debater, because the judgment was usually in my favor 10。
Unit 1 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le m ot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。
准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。
例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。
“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。
我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。
有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。
Page 27: Grammar Focus 语法聚焦1、你有一个棒球吗？是的，我有。
不，我没有。
我有一个排球。
2、你有一个乒乓球拍吗？是的，我有。
不，我没有。
我有一个乒乓球。
3、她有一个网球吗？是的，她有。
不，她没有。
她有一个棒球。
4、他有一个足球吗？是的，他有。
不，他没有。
他有两个乒乓球拍。
5、他们有篮球吗？是的，他们有。
不，他们没有。
他们有一个排球。
Page 26: 2dA：嘿，Helen，我们出发吧！我们晚了！B: 好哒。
A：你有棒球吗？B:是的，我有。
它在我的书包里。
A：我们的棒球拍在哪里？B: Bill（带）有。
A：哦，对了。
你（带）有你的夹克衫吗？B:哦，不，我没（带）。
它在椅子上。
让我去拿吧。
A：还有你的帽子！B:好啦，我拿到我的夹克衫和帽子了。
咱们出发吧！Page 29: 2b你有一个足球吗？Frank Brown:我没有一个足球，但是我的弟弟Alan有。
我们去上同样的学校，并且我们都爱足球。
我们在学校和我们的朋友们一起踢足球。
它（踢足球）是令人放松的。
Gina Smith：是的，我有。
我有2个足球，3个排球，4个排球，5个棒球和拍子。
我热爱运动，但是我不玩——我只在电视上看。
Wang Wei:不，我没有。
足球很难。
我喜欢乒乓球。
它对我而言是容易的。
我有3个乒乓球和2个乒乓球拍。
下课后，我和我的同学们一起打乒乓球。
One Writer's Beginnings1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She'd read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She'd read to me in the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats.作家起步时我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。
Prison Studies1 Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something I’ve said, will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to my prison studies.狱中学习今天，许多在什么地方直接听我讲话的人，或在电视上听我讲话的人，或读过我写的东西的人，都会以为我上学远不止只读到8年级。
这一印象完全归之于我在监狱里的学习。
2 It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese[2 … the words that might as well have been in Chinese: … it would have made no difference if the English words had been in Chinese, because I didn’t have the slightest knowledge of either.]2. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through onlybook-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I did.其实这事要从查尔斯顿监狱说起，一开始宾比就让我对他的知识渊博羡慕不已。
Going for BrokeMatea Gold and David Ferrell 1 Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out.孤注一掷马泰娅·戈尔德戴维·费雷尔雷克斯·科勒好像生活在一个狭窄的箱子里，伸手不见五指，空间又狭小，他不知道自己是怎么陷进去的，也不知道自己还能不能走出来。
2 He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.他从不看电影，从不听音乐会，从不躺在沙滩上晒太阳，从不在假日去旅游，从不和家人一起过圣诞节。
Unit 5 Animal WorldDo Animals Have A Culture?by John Fried[1] Lately, social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group different from another group.[2] Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture”, can also be found in the lives of certain animals.[3] We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. For example, chimpanzees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end—like our use of a fork.[4] For some time we thought that although human beings learned their culture, animals could not be taught such behavior. Or even if they could learn, they would not teach one another in the way humans do. This, too, has proven to be untrue. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Center in Japan. They were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. One day a young female began to wash her sweet potato to get rid of the sand. This practice soon spread throughout the group. It became learned behavior, not from humans but from other monkeys. Now almost all the monkeys who have not come into contact with this group do not. Thus there is a “cultural” difference among animals.[5] We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior. We have also ruled out the learning and sharing of behavior. Yet we still have held onto the last feature—language. But even the use of language can no longer separate human culture from animal culture. Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed. However, this is because apes do not have the proper vocal organs. But teaching them language has been very successful if we are willing to accept other forms than just the spoken word. Two psychologists trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to use StandardAmerican Sign Language. This is the same language used by deaf people. In this language, “talk” is made through gestures, and not by spelling out w ords with individual letters. By the time she was five years old, Washoe had a vocabulary of 130 signs. Also, she could put them together in new ways that had not been taught her originally. This means she could create language and not just mimic it. She creates her own sentences that have real meaning. This has allowed two-way talk. It permits more than one-way command and response.[6] Of course, there are limits to the culture of animals. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions such as religion or law. Also, some chimpanzees may be able to learn sign language, but this form of language is limited in its ability to communicate abstract ideas. Yet with a spoken language we can communicate our entire culture to anyone else who knows that language. Perhaps the most important thing is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think.动物拥有文化吗?1 只有人类拥有文化呢，还是某些动物也同样拥有文化，这是社会科学家们最近才提出来的问题。
人教版高中英语必修四Unit 5课文翻译Unit 5 Theme parks―Reading―THEME PARKS —FUN AND MORE THAN FUN主题公园——是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐Which theme park would you like to visit? 你想要参观哪一个主题公园呢?There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. (世界上)有各种各样的主题公园，不同的公园有不同的主题，但几乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影及历史。
Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. 有一些主题公园因为有最大或者最长的过山车而闻名，有些则展示了文化中那些著名的声音和视觉景象。
Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you! 不论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. 你最熟悉的主题公园很可能就是迪斯尼乐园吧。
It can be found in several parts of the world. 世界上好几个地方都有迪斯尼乐园。
It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. 无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼会把你带入一个魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变成现实。
课文翻译第五课关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话温斯顿•邱吉尔________________________________________二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。
这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。
我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。
我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。
尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。
于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。
不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。
德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。
德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。
这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。
” 一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。
我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。
艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德•克里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一起。
那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。
由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提：“六月二十一日，星期六。
晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。
怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华•布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。
晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。
他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。
不过，希特勒的如意算盘打错了。
我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。
维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。
晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。
我当时问他，对于他这个头号反共大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。
…绝非如此。
我现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。
这使我的生活单纯多了。
假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至少会在下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。
Unit6 Where Is the News Leading Us?不久前我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公众研讨会。
还有另外两个嘉宾也出席了。
一位是知名的电视节目主持人，另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他是一位彻头彻尾的新闻工作者---- 在据实报道的方式上坚忍不拔、积极进取且见识过人。
据我所知本次研讨旨在审查传媒的义务，并提出实现那些义务的最佳途径。
在公开讨论时，观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问，“为什么报纸和电视新闻节目都充斥灾难？为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力、和失败是如此关注？”主持人和编辑作出了回答，好像是自己应该为坏消息的存在而受到谴责一样。
他们说，新闻工作者只负责报道新闻，而不负责制造或修改新闻。
我不认为这两位新闻工作者回答了这个问题。
提出这个问题的先生并没有因为世上的歪曲报道而谴责他们。
他只是想知道为什么报道得最多的是歪曲的事件。
新闻媒体的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。
为什么呢？是不是着重报道负面新闻是一种传统——是新闻工作者所习以为常的对日常事件作出的反应方式？在此或许分析一下我们如何定义“新闻”一词会有所帮助，因为这是问题的起因。
新闻应该是报道过去十二小时，最迟二十四小时内所发生的事情。
然而，突发事件往往具有爆炸性的：一名狙击手枪杀了几名行人，一名恐怖分子劫持了飞机上250名人质，欧佩克石油组织宣布原油价格上涨25%，英国货币又贬值10%，一辆载有放射性废料的卡车与一架水泥搅拌车相撞。
然而，一味聚焦这些报道，则是失真的画面。
人类文明成果远远多于灾难总和。
每种文明中最重要的成分就是进步。
但进步不会立即发生，也没有爆发性。
一般来说，它是一点一滴逐步发展的，在某个特定时刻是微不足察的。
但是所有微小的进步都参与了历史性的巨变的实现，使社会更加美好。
就是这类活生生的历史，绝大多数的新闻媒体没有予以充分的反映，结果导致我们对社会的正面发展了解不足，对灾难却知之甚多，这又使人产生失败和绝望的情绪，而这些情绪易于阻碍社会进步。
爱丑之欲HL门肯几年前的一个冬日，我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡，向东行驶一小时，穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。
这是我熟悉的地方，无论是童年时期还是成年时期，我常常经过这一带。
但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。
这儿正是工业化美国的心脏，是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲——然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。
这儿的财富多得无法计算，简直都无法想象——也是在这儿，人们的居住条件又是如此之糟，连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。
我说的不仅仅是脏。
钢铁城镇的脏是人们意料之中的事。
我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受，畸形古怪得让人作呕的。
从东自由镇到格林斯堡，在这全长25英里的路上，从火车上看去，没有一幢房子不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。
有的房子糟得吓人，而这些房子竞还是一些最重要的建筑——教堂、商店、仓库等等。
人们惊愕地看着这些房子，就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。
有的留在记忆里，甚至回忆起来也是可怕的：珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂，就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上；参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部，设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。
沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架，就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。
但我回忆里出现的三要还是一个总的印象——连绵不断的丑陋。
从匹兹堡到格林斯堡火车调车场，放眼望去，没有一幢像样的房子。
没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的，没有一幢不是破破烂烂的。
尽管到处是林立的工厂，遍地弥漫着烟尘，这一地区的自然霉仟并不差。
就地形而论，这儿是一条狭窄的河谷，其中流淌着一道道发源自山间的深溪。
这儿的人口虽然稠密，但并无过分拥挤的迹象，即使在一些较大的城镇中，建筑方面也还大有发展的余地。
这儿很少见到有高密度排列的建筑楼群，几乎每一幢房屋，无论大小，其四周都还有剩余的空地。
Lesson 5 Revision第五课复习单词表party ['pɑ:ti] 聚会weather ['weðə] 天气sunny ['sʌni] 晴朗的will [wil] 将要begin [bi'gin] 开始bring [briŋ] 带来do some shopping 买东西map [mæp] 地图China ['tʃainə] 中国crayon ['kreiən] 蜡笔Saturday ['sætədei] 星期六son [sʌn]儿子never ['nevə] 从不another [ə'nʌðə] 另一个cloudy ['klaudi] 多云的windy ['windi] 有风的place [pleis] 地方strong [strɔŋ] 强壮的，强烈的rain [rein] 雨；下雨lake [leik] 湖earth [ə:θ] 地球change [tʃeindʒ] 改变wind [wind] 风dry [drai] 干的full [ful] 满的bring about 带来，引来be bad for 对……有害full of 充满difficult ['difikəlt] 困难的healthy ['helθi] 健康的bookshop ['bukʃɔp] 书店hill [hil] 小山air [ɛə] 空气wet [wet] 湿的more [mɔ:] 较多的；更country ['kʌntri] 国家cut down 砍倒课文翻译Let’s talk让我们谈谈(A=Ann, Q=Qiqi)(安，奇奇)A: What will the weather be like tomorrow, Qiqi?-奇奇，明天天气会怎么样？Q: It’ll be sunny. What will you do tomorrow?-会是晴天。
