【最新版】Awakening_of_Female_Consciousness_Reflected_英美文学毕业设计

19世纪英国女性意识的觉醒与萌发英语本科毕业论文本科毕业论文题目中文 19世纪英国女性意识的觉醒与萌发外文The Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in Britain 系别英语翻译系专业英语年级学生姓名指导教师结稿日期 ____________________________The Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19thCentury in BritainAbstractThere are many great litterateurs and famous novelists in Englandduring the 19th century Many women novelists welled up and broke the complexion with controlled by men in literature These women novelists described the new image of women with the sharp writing style and sagacious language Jane Austen the Bronte sister Mrs Gaskell and George Eliot are representative of them This new image is different from the traditionalpattern in men novel The traditional pattern was tamable and sentiment which was described by men However feminine patter was strong and unattached which showed the strong feminist consciousness Consciousness of women was as great a contribution to literatureThis paper tries to analyze feminist consciousness and profoundly discuss a historical process of evolution in these women novels The paper is made up of four sections Section one introduces concept of feminist consciousness Section two describes the awakening and germination of feminist consciousness in the 19th century in Britain First feminist consciousness has primary awakening in early 19th century Then I tried to analyze the feminist consciousness of Charlotte Bronte Finally I described Mrs Gaskell and her works Section three analyzes the reasons for the awakening and germination of feminist consciousness in the 19th century in Britain Section four describes the value orientation and historical status of feminist consciousnessKey words feminist consciousness 19th century Charlotte Bronte Jane Austen George EliotThe Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainOutlineThesis Statement This paper tries to analyze Feminist Consciousness and profoundly discuss a historical process of evolution in these womennovelsI IntroductionA Concept of Feminist ConsciousnessB Summarizing the Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainII The Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainA the Awakening of Feminist Consciousness by Jane Austen in the early 19th century1 Jane Austens Major Characteristics of Consciousness of Women2 Jane Austens Feminist Consciousness Viewed in Pride and PrejudiceB The Germination of Feminist Consciousness by Charlotte Bronte in the mid 19th Century in BritainC The Feminist Consciousness in Latter 19th Century on the Base of Analysis of Cultural Background in Victorian Age1 Mrs Gaskell and Her Works2 George Eliot and MiddlemarchIIIThe Reasons for the Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainIVConclusionI IntroductionA Concept of Feminist ConsciousnessFeminist consciousness refers to the consciousness that female regard themselves as subjectConcretely feminist consciousness surrounds the focus which is established in the consciousness of women as human beings their feelings experience about life and the world their desire pursuit and values In the human society the differences in physiologic al structure divide people into men and women With the forming of the group consciousness of the social roles of the two sexes men and women mean the difference of the social sexes at the same time Therefore human societies were all patriarchy societies for a long time Though men and women all had self-consciousness the voices from men were too strong and the voices from women were flooded so were the social identification of womenA new movement of global women entrepreneurs that actively resurging the promotion of the triplet aspirations of inalienable rights life liberty and the pursuit of happiness all over again but this time as a learning process for feminine prosperity around the word rather than as a political revolution to reduce inequities and improve lives though the meaning is the same It grew out of the consciousness leaping of women as a group in society with subservient roles to men to that of equals Now instead the questions are How do I unstoppable How do I multiply my influence effectiveness How do I lead an inspired life And how can I get and sustain a balanced lifeB Summarizing the Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainThe Victorian Age was period of society turbulence with crossing swords between new value and old value With the changing of society women started to gain some powers and entered into the public to join all kinds of society activities The disintegration of absolute power of male became the fact 1There are many great litterateurs and famous novelists in England during the 19th century Many women novelists welled up and broke the complexion with controlled by men in literature These women novelists described the new image of women with the sharp writing style and sagacious language Jane Austen the Bronte sister Mrs Gaskell and George Eliot are representative of them This new image is different from the traditional pattern in men novel The traditional pattern was tamable and sentiment which was described by men However feminine patter was strong and unattached which showed the strong feminist consciousness II The Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainThere appeared sex discrimination against women since patriarchal period Writers artists and social activists all over the world have been making their efforts to promote womens liberation Because of the historical reasons in the-19th-century England literature about womenblossomed There appeared a series of women images struggling for their independence and equal rights with menA the Awakening of Feminist Consciousness by Jane Austen in the early 19th centuryJane Austen was not merely an outstanding cross-century novelist but she created the new page of women literature with outstanding authoresses such as Charlotte Bronte and George Eliot An authoress before the other two writers Austen expressed her consciousness of women in her novels Her achievements made in this respect especially attract peoples attention Jane Austen began her own literary creation in the background that consciousness of women was awakened gradually in the late of the 18th century She was a writer who attempted to understand women and seek for the value of women in society Her works reflected her consciousness of women Her novels that centered on women have an important impact on the development of English literature Six novels were written by Austen in a crucial social environment All her novels were finished probably in ten years Sense and Sensibility 1811 Pride and Prejudice 1813 Mansfield Park 1814 Emma 1816 Northanger Abbey 1818 Persuasion 18181 Jane Austens Major Characteristics of Consciousness of WomenThere are three major characteristics of feminist consciousness in Jane Austens work womens consciousness of freedom marriage and patriarchy She said what was in his mind Austen believed that women should regardthe equality of women with men as the ladder in their pursuit for freedom The marriage view of Austen was realistic She thought that marriage must be based on sense property and be well-matched in social and economic status In addition what we need to understand is that in Austens time verbal skills were controlled by men So females were defined with male sight and standard which occupied a leading status to come Austens patriarchy can be seen in the novels Cinderellas emotional tie 2 mode and other aspects Austen created true people with irony She was trying to understand women as human beings but not as perfect women Austens consciousness of women is realistic Its value exists in the fact that she established womens characteristics and womens identity Through an analysis of the value orientations of Austens consciousness of women we can see that Austen paid her attention to the characters of in that time Austens consciousness of women emerged from the deep sea of male thinking mode Austens consciousness of women was not womens complete independence but womens waking senses and wisdom that sprouted in real socialize not womens pursuit for social value but womens selfrecognition and selfrealization As a writer who challenged traditional ideas Austens novels were full of new ideas But it was impossible for her to reject tradition and the influence of reality But her consciousness of women was as great a contribution to literature as Bronte and Eliots2 Jane Austens Feminist Consciousness Viewed in Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is an enduringly popular novel published in 1813 by the famous English writer Jane Austen one of the most important novelists of the nineteenth century It is Jane Austens most popular and best-loved novel The plot of the story is very simple natural and intelligible but the characters were described very truly and vividly Jane Austen began her own literary creation in the background that consciousness of women was awakened gradually in the late of 18th century She was a female writer who attempted to understand women and seek for the value of women in society Her works reflected her consciousness of women through particular angle of view and unique manner of taste It could be seen that Jane Austen paid much attention on the society from her meticulous depiction of daily life With her keen feminism vision Jane Austen pushed the female which were in the marginal and inferior status into peoples field of viewIn Pride and Prejudice the author figured different kinds of female characters and prominently represented the feminism consciousness of the heroine which has the self-respect and independence to strive for equal and the freedom Consequently it highlighted the awakening of female consciousness of AustenFirst of all Jane Austen believed that lifetime blessedness of women is marital blessedness This is recognized in male society and also this is female fortunes wheel in that time Pride and Prejudice talks about fivesisters in MrBennet looking for the husband MrsBennet tried to her best to marry her daughter before the neighbor girl in despite of whom This description with full of cynical shows the realistic society However Jane Austens attitude is difference from the traditional marriage She believed marriage was made up of love So Elizabeth raised superior to Darcys courtship because he was arrogant and was lack of loveMarriage is the central topic in Austens Pride and Prejudice the plots of the novels and the actions of the characters revolve around marriage For Austens characters marriage does not mean the act of ungoverned passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society Austens characters are completely integrated into society and play out the stories within the social rules They realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support money and classier thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners Based on Socialist-feminism this thesis examines social background in Austen s time and explores how social conditions influence females psychological struggle and anxiety toward marriage For Socialist-feminists material factors shape womens marital consciousness in determinate ways The discussions of male class and female status in the end of the eighteenth century are helpful for understanding why marriage is the central topic in Austens novels In a sense marriage is regarded as a market place to exchange upward classmobility and financial support for Austens characters In order to achieve the goal of marriage females are good at transforming themselves into commodities by displaying their appearances and accomplishments to appeal to male gazers Women at the time were encouraged by the social value of performing manners of femininity to win husbands However when Austens female characters face mate selections an unconscious apprehension toward marriage can be observed From the social consideration of Austens time this thesis will reveal female marital perspectives anxieties and inner struggle in Pride and Prejudice It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife The first sentence of the novel Pride and Prejudice highlights the importance of marriage within the world of the novel The sentence suggests that the sole purpose for marriage was to increase the characters social and financial ranking The quote mentions nothing of love yet it provokes the feeling in the minds of the readers that the purpose of marriage is to merely create security Finding a suitable marriage for the female characters that lived in a patriarchal society often became the solace of their livesThe character of Elizabeth is a fascinating one and her personality only adds to the readers interest in her because she has many different sides and constantly changes opinions and ideas Towards the beginning of the book we are given many different descriptions of Elizabeth rangingfrom "She had a lively cheerful disposition which delighted in anything ridiculous" to "hardly a good feature in her face We can see that different people has varying views on her However through the course of the book we come to make our own opinion and I came to know her as being spontaneous high-spirited and intelligent and above all a complex young woman Elizabeth is a literary device used by Jane Austen to represent her values and attitudes on the importance of marrying for love We often see the world through Elizabeths eyes and we are positioned to empathize with her opinion on the absurdity of marrying for reasons other than love Elizabeth is a free-spirited individual who differs substantially from the other female characters of the novel Elizabeth refuses to be wed to a man to whom she does not love Elizabeth although often guilty of prejudice attitudes always acknowledges and learns from her mistakes She is a heroineB The Germination of Feminist Consciousness by Charlotte Bronte in the mid 19th Century in BritainJane Eyre is called the magnum opus of feminist literary in Britain The author Charlotte Bronte profundity models a new female-- Jane Eyre with strong treachery consciousness and opposes consciousness Through Jane Eyre the author expressed the awakening feminist consciousness and blazoned forth the au pair idea between love and marriage Then she put forward ideal of struggling for paddling ones own canoe and maintainingdignityThe 19th century in Britain is regard as the age of female novelist Charlotte Bronte was one of the best outstanding novelists Jane Eyre is representation of feminine literary because the topic shows the ideal of freedom equality and paddling their canoe Jane Eyre figures this kind of new female who can dare to struggle for fortune go in for the equal love and maintain their dignity Feminist consciousness refers to the consciousness that female regard themselves as subject Feminist consciousness surrounds the focus which is established in the consciousness of women as human beings their feelings experience about life and the world their desire pursuit and values The author lived in Britainthe original place of womans rights which is very important for authors feminist consciousness awakening And also this is a sign of the true awakening of feminist consciousness in Britain The feminist consciousness of Charlotte Bronte exceeds the others in the same time In Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte described that womans desperate struggle to attain her identity in isolation and impossible odds Although she processes a strong soul she must fight not only the forces of passion and reason within herself but others wills constantly imposed on her In its first publication it outraged many for its realistic portrayal of life during that time Ultimately the controversy of Brontes novel lied in its realism challenging the role of women religion and mortality in theVictorian societyJane Eyre tells the story of a woman progressing on the path of acceptance Throughout her journey Jane encounters many obstacles to her intelligence Male dominance proves to be the biggest obstruction at each stop of Janes journey Gateshead Hall Lowood Institution Thornfield Manor Moor House and Ferndean Manor As she grows though Jane slowly learns how to understand and control repressionIn the beginning of Jane Eyre Jane struggles against Bessie the nurse at Gateshead Hall and says I resisted all the way a new thing for me3 This sentence foreshadows what will be an important theme of the rest of the book that of female independence or rebelliousness Jane is here resisting her unfair punishment but throughout the novel she expresses her opinions on the state of womenSoon after Jane is settled at Lowood Institution she finds the enjoyment of expanding her own mind and talents She forgets the hardships of living at the school and focuses on the work of her own hands She is not willing to give this up when she is engaged to Rochester She resists becoming dependent on him and his money She does not want to be like his mistresses with their fancy gowns and jewels but even after she and Rochester are married she wants to remain as Adeles governess She is not willing to give up her independence to Rochester and tries to seek her own fortune by writing to her uncleJane not only shows the reader her beliefs on female independence through her actions but also through her thoughts Jane desires to see more of the world and have more interaction with its people While she appreciates her simple life at Thornfield she regrets that she does not have the means to travel She relates her feelings to all women not just those of her class sayingWomen are supposed to be very calm generally but women feel just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do they suffer from too rigid a restraint too absolute a stagnation precisely as men would suffer and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings to playing on the piano and embroidering bags 4It is also important here to talk about Bertha for she is a female character who is often seen resisting It may be wondered why Jane seems to have little sympathy for her and part of the reason for this may be seen with how Bertha is portrayed While Bertha is a woman she is not presented as such She is described in animal-like terms and is called it not even she in the beginning Jane describes her meeting with Bertha as suchIn the deep shade at the farther end of the room a figure ran backwards and forwards What it was whether beast or human being one could not atfirst sight tell it groveled seemingly on all fours it snatched and growled like some strange wild animal but it was covered with clothing and a quantity of dark grizzled hair wild as a mane hid its head and face 5 In essence Brontes novel became a direct assault on Victorian morality Controversy based in its realistic exposure of thoughts once considered improper for a lady of the 19th century Emotions any respectable girl would repress Women at this time were not to feel passion nor were they considered sexual beings To conceive the thought of women expressing rage and blatantly retaliating against authority was defiance against the traditional role of women Jane Eyre sent controversy through the literary community For not only was it written by a woman but marked the first use of realistic characters Janes complexity lied in her being neither holy good nor evil She was poor and plain in a time when society considered "an ugly woman a blot on the face of creation" It challenged Victorian class structure in a strictly hierarchal society A relationship between a lowly governess and a wealthy nobleman was simply unheard of Bronte drew criticism for her attack on the aristocracy who she deemed as hypocritical "showy but not genuine" She assaulted individuals already established morals by presenting a plausible case for bigamy Notions should have evoked disgust and outrage from its reader Yet its most scandaless aspect was its open treatment of love Passionate love scenes which were for their day extremely explicit but by todays standardsare less than tameDo you think because I am poor obscure plain and little I am soulless and heartless You think wrong I have as much soul as you and full as much heart And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth I should have made it as hard for you to leave me as it is now for me to live you I am not talking you now through the medium of custom conventionalities nor even of mortal flesh it is my spirit that address your spirit just as if both had passes the grave and we stood at Gods feet equal we are 6Bronte implies "the importance of women having useful and creative existence" To no longer be forced into the servitude of one man nor enslaved to the social constrictions of the time As Jane so eloquently says "Women feel just as men"Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte She is but a fictional character and in our hearts she will stay This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers Jane is a cherished woman with whom everyone can find a bit of themselves inC The Feminist Consciousness in Latter 19th Century on the Base of Analysis of Cultural Background in Victorian AgeMrs Gaskell and Her WorksMrs Gaskell whose original name was Elizabeth born in 1810 died in1865 Her father is a pastor with considerable culture When Elizabeth was 22 years old she came to Manchester and married with the vice chair in the Manchester Church of GodThis is important for her She engaged in parish work with her husband at the same time she insisted in writing Mrs Gaskell has published many poetries and novels including the novel Mary Barton Cranford North and South Ruth and wife and daughter and other excellent works "Mary Barton" is the Mrs Gaskells first Budget who is the mid-nineteenth century English writer According to the female concept "Mary Barton" extols the virtues of the working women and describes the importance of women in our life Mrs Gaskell one of the female writers in Victoria time can comprehensively analyze womens labor force in this subject Therefore the novel was published with a very far-reaching social significance"Mary Barton" reflected the concept of female practitioners The publication of the novel encouraged women from home to society and encouraged to improve the social status of women which made a great contribution In Victorian time people thought that womens duty is being his wife and mother Then Mrs Gaskell wrote lot of novels for opposition this concept Most of the female protagonist can change their living environment in Mrs Gaskells novels She gave her female dramatis personae power to enable them to choose their own life In Mary Barton Gaskellfigured a young womens image - Mary Mary was full of happiness in the workplace The image of working women is rare in the Victorian era "Mary Barton" emphatically described the young women with lively intelligent confident personality The first impression of Marry is a positive attitude to life Gaskell showed that Mary arranged home affairs in order When her mother passed away she did all the house works and learnt how to make good use of money Mary must deal with various matters Mary didnt only do house works but also looked for work in society The descriptions of these circumstances show the importance of occupations And they should choose their occupations by themselvesWhen Mary Barton published it had tremendous impact on society Although this book was strongly criticized by the capitalists but Charles Dickens and other influential writers supported so it became a best-selling novel Critics began to re-evaluate Mary Barton and affirmed the importance of this novel in 20th century Mrs Gaskell was called a typical image of women in Victorian era and now she is a new image for fighting against female issue Todays women are still trying to resolve these similar problems In short because of Mary Barton Mrs Gaskell can establish the solid status of the critical realism literature in the United KingdomGeorge Eliot and MiddlemarchGeorge Eliot is the Victorian famous writer She works with a wide rangeof social content and the concerns of women living in that world Her works shows a very strong feminist consciousness Therefore studying for her feminist consciousness in-depth has an important significance for understanding of female writers in the creative contributions At the same time it has a great significance for observing the writers feminism for thinking about women s status and futureGeorge Eliot describes in her masterpiece Middlemarch how Dorothea the heroine with great enthusiasm and noble ideals accepts the marginalized role of her lot and is restricted in the trivial domestic sphere after a fruitless struggle against the conventional feminine life through marriage However feminists tend to misinterpret this compromised ending in Middlemarch They charge Eliot with lacking positive presentation of women with her not identifying the fictional life with her radical and fruitful life and with denying aspirant women every chance Critics somehow fail to perceive Eliots unique representation of feminine awareness of self in the text the stifling men-dominated social environment enslaves women into a tragic existence with suppressed souls and marginal place meanwhile women should be personally responsible for their wreck of ideals because of stigmatic female deficiencies and limitations Womens prosaic existence and Eliots exhausting experiences suggest that there are no readily options for aspirant women except the designated wifely life for the time being In her monumental representationof Dorothea Eliot aims to arouse the female consciousness to struggle out of tragedy by making women realize and overcome their gender deficiencies rather than take the radical meansIIIThe Reasons for the Awakening and Germination of Feminist Consciousness in the 19th Century in BritainWomen were oppressed in history in west Female was considered coarseness citizen According to Christian theology the condition of sin that marks all human beings as a result of EVE acts of disobedience7 Aristotle believed that because of lacking some idiosyncrasies women were called women 8 Kant held the opinion that woman was short of rational logic and the aesthetic ability And women should submit to man family is womens responsibility 9The origin of female literary traced back to middle ages and Revival of letters For changing womens society actuality and appealing to attach importance to female problem female literary had new breach in east Virginia Woolf said middle class women began to write in later of 18th century10 in A Room of Ones Own Marry The originator of world women movement appealed that man and women should equality women should independent in economy in A Vindication of the Rights of Women Babala Smith and Bessy Renault organize the first feminism movementInequality between man and women is the root cause of the right to private ownership and make social repression Human society entered the19th century as modern Western industrial civilization development feudal society and culture of the human spirit gradually loosened the shackles In this social context women in the family requests have equal status with men are increasing the feminist movement began to grow Womens movement was to natural and legal right and the Creator are fair whether male or female Women in the life liberty and the pursuit of happiness have the same right as men World womens rights movement originated Europe and the United States The feminist movement was closely with development of the industrial revolution in human progress Each time the industrial Revolution had brought about the feminist movement leaps and bounds End of the 19th century the first industrial revolution brought the budding feminist movement the1869 United States Womens Suffrage Association The early 20th century the second industrial revolution when the feminist movement in Europe and United States launched extensively 1914 London outbreak of the famous feminist movement attacked Buckingham Palace to the King George V petition The incident marked the feminist movement has entered a rapid development period As a social and cultural phenomenon the feminist movement firmly established in the corresponding social material on the basis of it also contributed to social culture especially the development of the human rights movementBefore 19th century English literature exclude female Charlotte Bronte gave up the ideal of becoming writer because the famous Lakers said。

（英语毕业论文）论劳伦斯《虹》里三代女性的爱情观第一篇：(英语毕业论文)论劳伦斯《虹》里三代女性的爱情观英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作从加菲猫看美国新个人主义价值观2 英语中的性别歧视The Exploration of Black Female Characters in Toni Morrison’s Novels A Study of Beauty in Sound, Form and Meaning Displayed in Zhang Peiji’s Prose Translation 5 分析阿加莎克里斯蒂在其侦探小说《阳光下的罪恶》中的写作手法 6 初中生英语自主学习能力培养的研究 Angelic devil: an analysis of the image of Catherinein Wuthering Heights 8 从《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》探索简奥斯丁实用爱情观9 呼啸山庄之人性的泯灭约翰斯坦贝克女性观流变初探A Comparative Study of Female Consciousness between Wang Anyi’s Everlasting Regret and Virgina Woolf’s Mrs.Dalloway 12 高中英语教学过程中实施情感教育的研究从《老人与海》看海明威小说中的英雄式人物的刻画 14 析《苔丝》中的象征意义15 浅析中西方饮食文化差异从《野性的呼唤》浅析杰克伦敦的哲学思想及其哲学倾向17 Irony Art in Orwell’s Animal Farm 爱伦坡短片小说“美女之死”主题研究19 英汉动物词汇隐喻的跨文化研究20 论奥斯卡.王尔德的唯美主义从认知角度看“水”的一词多义现象 22 英汉爱情隐喻对比研究 23 谈呼啸山庄的复仇主题基于中西文化差异的翻译策略研究25 中西文化差异引起的语义歧义从精神分析法解读《追风筝的人》的主题27 中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化的对比分析 28 《名利场》中蓓基人物形象分析 29 主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用 30 对《别对我说谎》中非言语因素的分析31 从模因论视角看年度流行语“给力”从功能对等的角度浅析汉语成语中数字的翻译 33 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论英语课堂教学中的非语言交际寻找自我——从女性意识角度解读《觉醒》唯美主义与奥斯卡.王尔德的《道林.格雷的画像》71 从服饰看中西方文化差异与融合 72 对《红字》中完美人性的求索－－浅析海斯特与丁梅斯代尔的自我思想较量与精神升华 73 简析比喻在《围城》中的运用 74 论小组学习在英语教学中的应用 75 商标翻译中的功能对等性格、学习策略和英语学习成绩的关系研究 77 英汉“去除”类运动事件表达异同的对比研究78 Cooperative Learning in English Interpretation Class 79 《高老头》主人公人物性格分析Cultural Differences and Translation Strategies 81 中美时间观差异对跨文化交际的影响 82 从关联理论看英文电影字幕翻译中的减译An Analysis of David Copperfield’s Dual Characte r浅论影视字幕翻译中的归化与异化——以《老友记》为例英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）论《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人文化传统Love under Asceticism in The Scarlet Letter and The Thorn Birds 87 论男权主义在圣经语言中的体现《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》女主人公比较分析 89 超音段特征对意义的影响“垮掉的一代”形成的背景探析Aesthetic Arts in Allan Poe’s Poetr y—An Analysis of Israfel and Annabel Lee 92 支付宝-淘宝的成功之道英语文学课外学习活动组织方式的探讨 94 英文电影片名翻译中的归化与异化策略被压抑的堕落的人性——《包法利夫人》女主人公性格分析96 商务信函的写作原则与技巧Translation of Tourism English in a Cross-Cultral Perspective98 论田纳西.威廉斯《欲望号街车》中的逃遁主义A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference toChangan & Ford Motor Company 100 英语体育新闻的翻译从功能派翻译理论的角度看商标名称的英译重压之下的人之风采——以海明威《老人与海》为例 103 浅谈英语科技文献汉译时应注意的几个方面104 商务英语中含蓄否定句的研究挣扎与妥协——浅析达洛维夫人的内心矛盾 106 论流行网络词汇的汉英翻译凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德小说中的旅行主题分析108 黑人英语与非裔美国黑人文化的研究 109 论《呼啸山庄》中的象征主义运用 110 浅谈在华跨国公司的本土化策略 111 中西方酒店文化比较与探讨追求自由与理想的珍妮—从女性主义视角解读电影《阿甘正传》女主角A Freudian Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights 114 李安电影中的文化融合现象中美文化差异对其商务谈判的影响从《汤姆索亚历险记》中分析马克吐温的幽默讽刺手法117 初中英语课堂教学现状调查A Study of Pragmatic Failure in Politeness between Chinese and English 119 《大地》中的儒家思想比较《基督山伯爵》和《连城诀》复仇的异同121 汉英“眼”概念隐喻的对比研究A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 123 量词“片”与“piece”的语法化对比研究 124 从关联理论看美剧典故的翻译解析电影《黑暗骑士》中的美国个人英雄主义126 论《推销员之死》中的父子关系英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）《鲁滨逊漂流记》“星期五”被殖民化分析A Comparative Study of Chinese and French HigherEducation 129 论《劝导》中女性角色的地位130 On Feminism in Persuasion 131 A Study of Humor in Films and TV Series Subtitles and Its Translation 132英汉称呼语的对比研究Feminist Consciousness Shown on Scarlett O'Hara Impacts upon Today's Female 135 广告英语的修辞特点分析《雾都孤儿》中的讽刺手法On the Female Character During the War Through A Farewell to Arms 138 论《追风筝的人》中父子关系的心理剖析 139 从语言角度看中英广告翻译中的文化差异非传统式英雄——从女性主义批评角度看《名利场》141 浅析《道林.格雷的画像》中的女性形象142 论本杰明.富兰克林《自传》中的美国精神 143 民族文化差异与广告语言创意从翻译审美分析食品品牌名称翻译的原则及策略《等待戈多》中的矛盾分析-分裂的语言与互补的人物 146 从文化的角度理解《喜福会》中的母女关系147 分析西方末世论在美国电影中的体现 148 Grammatical Analysis of Academic Writing 149 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究研究简奥斯汀的婚姻观－－-根据分析她的著作《傲慢与偏见》151 外教在英语口语教学中的作用 152 广告中的视觉隐喻及其解读153 论电影翻译中的创造性叛逆——以《肖申克的救赎》为例154 鲁滨逊荒岛生存技能的分析 155 论商务谈判中的文化因素 156 中式英语成因之分析157 马克·吐温的短篇小说的文体分析158 Perseverance in Belief—On the Death of Martin Eden 159 从任务型教学模式谈英语课堂沉默现象的预防策略 160 对狄金森诗歌中四个主题的分析161 论《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》中的悲剧之源 162 高中英语写作作业的反馈及实施效果163 A Reflection upon American Heroism Based on Reviewsof Hollywood Movies 164 刍议美国情景喜剧中的美国俚语165 礼貌原则在英汉语言文化差异中的应用 166 英汉委婉语的跨文化对比研究 167 Preciseness of Legal English 168 中美时间观的文化差异 169 背诵在英语学习中的作用170 从跨文化交际角度看中西方商务谈判英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）171 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中玛姬的性格 172 中学英语教育中的情感教育173 从《画皮》及《暮色》比较分析中西人鬼文化 174 海明威在《永别了，武器》中的反战情绪175 从唯美主义的角度论《道林.格蕾的画像》中的主要人物176 英文中“and”的用法及译法探析 177 《老人与海》的家园意识178 浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽的三次婚姻 179 《红字》中人性的罪恶与光辉 180 《夜莺颂》的翻译技巧探究181 An Analysis of The Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Existentialism 182 从认知语境角度探究社交语用失误的原因183 论《牧师的黑面纱》中的宗教讽刺184 跨文化交际视角下沉默行为的解析 185 对美国总统就职演说的文体分析 186 对意象翻译的初步研究187 从华裔女性文学看东西方女性主义的发展与融合——以华裔女作家林湄及其作品《天望》为例188 从《永别了，武器》看海明威的战争观 189 外语学习焦虑与口语成绩的相关性研究190 从时代背景看《唐璜》中个人主义到人道主义的升华191 《太阳照常升起》中“迷惘的一代”人物分析192 从“礼貌原则”看中国学习者在跨文化交际中的语用失误——以“please”为例 193 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响194 黑人社区的替罪羊－－论托尼.莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人小女孩佩科拉 195 《呼唤》中倒装句汉译策略研究 196 论英语无灵句与汉语有灵句的互译197 从常见的中英文名字比较中英两国命名文化差异 198 小议非语言交际中的身体语言199 Financial Translation Industrialization 200 英汉称赞语回应的对比研究第二篇：论简爱与现代女性爱情观比较,开题报告中文系毕业论文开题报告题目：简·爱与现代女性爱情观比较开题时间：2012年1月一、选题意义（一）研究的现状综述简·爱已成为唯美爱情的一个典型，是世界文学研究领域方面一个引人注目的方面。

An Analysis of the Awakening of FemaleConsciousness in Mansfield ParkI. IntroductionJane Austen is a prominent woman writer in English literature in the 19th century. She was the first novelist to realistically describe the ordinary lives. Her works include Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasio n. With her precise observation, Jane Austen became the only woman writer who can continually compare with Shakespeare in the history of English literature.Mansfield Park describes English upper-class’s living conditions in general and the love and marriage of several couples of young men and women in particular. It reveals their attitudes towards love and marriage. As Austen’s transition al work, Mansfield Park has an obvious feature: thick preaching color. So it is the most controversial work of Jane Austen. Some people regard it as Austen’s first fully mature work. They think it is perfect and touching. However, others believe its plot is dull. Austen’s mother ever thought of the heroine Fanny flat. But all of these can not prevent Mansfield Park from being a great work. Its greatness lies in its power to interest everybody. The complicated plot and vivid characters make Mansfield Park a significant breakthrough in narrative technique and inside description. It has become a landmark work in the history of English novel.Mansfield Park was written in Victorian age, which was the peak period of the English Industrial Revolution. The occurrence of industrial revolution caused social productivity to develop rapidly and mad e European women’s lives better, especially the middle-class women’s.The increase of leisure time led women to ponder their own worth. Female consciousness was born in patriarchal age, in which the overall framework of human civilization was highly imperfect and the civilization was built only according to male’s will. On the other hand, the development of productive forces drove the development of consciousness. Women had a better understanding of their own value. The established social and cultural tradition was shaken. Women truly sent messages of opposing patriarchal consciousness.In the traditional literary creation, many British women writers in the late 18th century examined and built female characters in their works in the male perspective. Nevertheless, with her keen vision, Jane Austen re-positioned female status and rights in order to express conscious and specific female consciousness. As Yang Jiang said, creating characters is probably her most interesting and best skill. (qtd. in Fu 15) So far, the study of Mansfield Park has focused on Jane Austen’s view of marriage and money,but research on the female consciousness reflected by the characters in this novel is not enough. By analyzing a series of female characters, we can discover Austen’s female consciousness, which emphasizes gender equality and women’s independent personality.II. The old generationThe old generation is the supporter of mercenary marriage. They consider their own interests in all aspects and wear persona at any moment. Just by depicting these human foibles, Jane Austen questions the traditional women’s values.dy BertramIt is inevitable to talk about property when it refers to marriage. For most people as well as Jane Austen, property has relation to whether the marriage is happy or not. “With only seven thousand pounds, Miss Maria Ward had good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park” (Mansfield Park 2). Her elder sister Miss Ward is married to the Rev. Mr. Norris with scarcely any private fortune, so she has to live on the cheap. This shows that at that time, people thought marriage could not be based on the pure love. The end result of love is marriage, but marriage is tangible. So they can not live without material base.As a mother, Lady Bertram is indifferent to her children’s education, even their marriage. Entering high society, she has never worried about small stuff. She is a “woman of very tranquil feelings, and a temper remarkably easy and indolent.” (3) She is a woman who thinks more of her pug than her children. Even when her husband is on business trip, she lies on the couch, leaving all household affairs managed by her sister Mrs. Norris. When her eldest daughter Maria Bertram reaches the marriage age, she does not go into public with her daughters. “She was too indolent even to accept a mother’s gratification in witnessing their success and enjoyment at the expense of any personal trouble.”(35) Her laissez-faire parenting style causes her daughters to merely have beautiful appearance but superficial moral concept and twisted values. In the end, they tip into degeneration because they can’t withstand the temptation of the outside world.As F anny’s aunt, Lady Bertram is indolent and selfish. She promised to adopt Fanny without hesitation nine years ago, which was related to her good living. She is very dependent on Fanny and wants Fanny to be with her all the time. When the young people visit Sotherton, or when they go to a ball or a party, she does not want to move, so she requires Fanny to stay with her. When Fanny returns to Portsmouth, she writes Fanny a lot, wishing Fanny to go back to Mansfield Park earlier. But without her husband’s permission, she does not dare to propose. When Fanny and Edmund intendto leave Mansfield P ark, “selfishly dear as she had long been to Lady Bertram, she could not be parted with willingly by her. No happiness of son or niece could make her wish the marriage. ” (468) Fortunately, Susan supplies F anny’s place to look after her.In fact, Lady Bertram only loves herself. She is not in agreement with the role of traditional wife. Nothing may have substantial effects on her. Such a lady who is indolent and selfish reflects the male domination in patriarchy society. On the other hand, she reflects wo men’s self-paralysis to respond to the inequality of their social status.B.Mrs. NorrisMarring Rev. Mr. Norris, Miss Ward becomes Mrs. Norris. Sir Thomas is happily able to give them an income and they “began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year.” (3) Mrs. Norris falls short of the best, but is better than the worst. She serves faithfully to the Bertram and takes good care of them. However, she looks down upon the Price.Mrs. Norris is not a likable person, or literally, she is a woman who is meddlesome and scheming. When Mrs. Price addresses Lady Bertram to ask for help, saying her contrition and despondence and expressing the superfluity of children, Mrs. Norris is condescending and sticks to the correctness of her query on Mrs. Price’s choice of marriage. As for undertaking the care of Fanny, she harangues to interrupt Sir Thomas. She persuades this patriarch with a long passage sententiously. At the moment, her nosiness plays an important role in making Sir Thomas adopting Fanny. At the same time, what she says reflects her witty and critical thinking skills. Once Sir Thomas promises to adopt Fanny, she expresses a superior giver posture in front of Fanny. Since Fanny’s coming will increase her spending, she makes it impossible to adopt Fanny by reason of poor Mr. Norris’s indifferent state of health. She is only willing to contribute labor and refuses to contribute money, which reflects the petty bourgeoisie’s shrewd ness.Every day, in the guise of thrift, she plans for her own interests. She imposes herself as the wisest woman in this park. When everyone is preparing for the play, on the principle of economy, she supervises the making of clothes. She is complacent about saving half-crown for Sir Thomas. When the play is stopped, she takes away the green baize, which she happens to be particularly in want of. When Fanny’s old grey pony dies, Mrs. Norris isn’t willing to buy a new horse for Fanny. She thinks that Fanny can ride one of her cousins’horses at any time when they do not want them. When Fanny adheres to her own moral principle, refusing to act in the play, she thinks Fanny “a very obstinate, ungrateful girl” (147). Fanny’s refusal to accept Henry confuses Mr. Norris. She regards Fanny to be ungrateful. For the marriage between Maria and Mr. Rushworth, she “was most zealous in promoting the match, by everysuggestion and contrivance likely to enhance its desirableness to either party.” (39) She does not know he r niece’s true thoughts but t akes for granted that Maria should marry a rich man. Mrs. Norris’s vanity education should be responsible for the two nieces’ elopement.Mrs. Norris is a typical example who is extremely vainglorious and stingy. In the economical society, she is a good housekeeper who can rival with men. In Jane Austen’s works, Mrs. Norris is a precedent for women to assist men, but her work in not satisfying. Therefore, this precedent reflects the contradiction of Jane Austen’s thoughts. When women enjoy their autonomy, they must be authorized by men.III. The indulged young generationIn fact, the above-mentioned comic old characters are in a subordinate position in the novel. They serve as a foil to the radiant young generation, which highlights the youth’s unique personalities.A.Mary CrawfordMary Crawford has lost faith in love and considers marriage as transactions. When it comes to marriage, she not only considers love, but also takes various factors into account. She is a representative of surface glamour and inner corruption. She and her brother Henry Crawford are young people of fortune. When her sister Mrs. Grant looks out for a suitable match Tom Bertram for her, she is glad. Just as the words in Pride and Prejudice, “it is a truth unive rsally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” (Pride and Prejudice2) Similarly, a single woman with beauty and possession must need a single man with good fortune. She values Tom Bertram’s primogeniture,“his real park, five miles round and a spacious modern-built house.” (47)However, when Tom leaves home, Mary gets well along with Edmund Bertram. She appreciates Edmund’s extraordinary conversation. With Edmund’s favorable impression on her, she keeps a dubious relationship with him. When she knows Edmund will take up the post of a country clergyman, she can not endure clergyman’s quiet and simple life since she has been accustomed to the luxurious life in London. Hearing Tom is ill, she begins to care for Edmund again. She expects Tom to die earlier so that Edmund can have the chance to inherit the estate. Finally, Edmund knows her real character. She is judged by Edmund to have a putrescent and vacuous mind. They go their separate ways.Mary Crawford is outspoken and persistent. She never conceals her inner thoughts. She relentlessly expresses her disrespect for Mr. Crawford’s debauchery in front of friends, which is inconceivable for Fanny and Edmund. She knows thatEdmund chooses to be a clergyman, but she still makes a savage attack on clergy. When realizing it is difficult for Edmund to change his professional ideology, she reconsiders their relationship and plays hot and cold with Edmund. When she knows clearly that Edmund can not give her a rich life, she resolutely chooses to leave. That age endows her vanity, but it is valuable for Mary to spare no effort to express her inner thoughts.Mary Crawford represents the women who have clear target and are anxious to achieve quick success and get instant benefits. Internally, she reminds herself of the future life that she wants. She puts fame, wealth and status prior to affection and love. But on the other hand, she is an independent new generation. Her challenge to authority and persistence in self-discipline reveal her high pursuit of independence and freedom.B.Maria Bertram and Julia BertramThe young Bertrams also take property more into account in the security of their marriage. Vanity and utility defeat love. The eldest daughter Maria promises to marry Mr. Rush who she does not love, in order to be the hostess of Sotherton without a second thought. For Maria Bertram, marring Mr. Rushworth “would give her the enjoyment of a larger income than her father’s.”(38) Later, she loves Henry and flirts with him privately. But she has no courage to refuse her marriage with Mr. Rushworth. The good living can not fill the emptiness of her love. Soon after the marriage, she can not resist the temptation so as to meet Henry again. Risking universal condemnation, she elopes with Henry unexpectedly, which distresses and shames the whole family. Like her sister, Julia attempts to win Henry’s love. As a result, she is hurt by him. When there is no happiness in her love, she meets with Mr. Yates in London and elopes with him. Maria and Julia’s elopements are the direct challenge to patriarchal society.Their elopements not only humiliate authoritarian rule, but also destroy the conservative moral climate. As the future hostess of Sotherton, Maria tries a variety of ways to be alone together with Henry. In preparing the family play, in order to touch more with Henry, Maria chooses to be Agatha who often embraces Henry. Julia intended to be this character, but Henry says that he does not want Julia to engage in the part of Agatha, or he can not take it seriously. Finally, Julia bows out resolutely. Even though Maria has married Mr. Rushworth, when Henry tempts her again, she elopes with Henry according to her internal real ideas. Maria becomes the rebel of traditional marriage. In order to keep away from Henry and flee the authoritarian family, Julia also elopes with Mr. Yates, which manifests her desire and pursuit for freedom. Although elopement is a corrupt act, it succeeds in challenging the manor order and patriarchal system.For the sake of their love, they have already left Sir Thomas’s education behind. People’s true value is trampled deeply. Maria and Julia are the beloved daughters of Sir Thomas, who is noble and grand. But when they meet Henry Crawford, they begin tolose their minds and are spellbound by him. Henry is a hokey hypocrite. His sister Mary thinks that “he is the most horrible flirt that can be imagined.” (42) But it is this man that causes Maria and Julia to compete in order to win the favor of Henry. On the carriage to Sotherton, in order to sit with Henry, they fight each other with open and secret means. To settle the matter, Mrs. Grant expresses that “as you were saying lately that you wished you could drive, Julia, I think this will be a good opportunity for you to take a lesson.” (80) Then Julia is happy because of the realization of her wish, while Maria professes her unhappiness effusively. In the battle for seat, they ignore their status, discard female dignity and forget their brotherhood.IV. The independent and rational heroineThe heroine Fanny Price was born in poverty, which causes her to be adopted by the elegant Sir Thomas couples. In this large family, Fanny is pushed aside and teased by brothers and sisters. Servants purposely make difficulties for Fanny. However, Fanny who is pure and kind always keeps a gentle heart. She treats people in a hospitable and sincere way. In addition, she does not become a yes-man because of her status. She always sticks to her principle and is clear about right and wrong.A.Fanny’s view of lifeIn Mansfield Park, it seems that only Fanny retains the goodness and gratitude of human nature. When Sir Thomas goes to Antigua for the interests of the whole family at great risk, family members’ responses are chilling. His wife is selfish and does not like him to leave because of her own benefit. The Miss Bertrams are happy because they are relieved by his absence. Mrs. Norris has already arranged to break Sir Thomas’s grievous news to the others. B ut Fanny grieves that “Sir Thomas, who had done so much for her and her brothers, and who was gone perhaps never to return! that she should see him go without a tear! it was a shameful insensibility.” (31) Fanny, as a woman, is not the embodiment of weakness. Instead, she becomes a spiritual guide. Fanny is the most docile woman in Jane Austen’s novels. She never contradicts and resists others when treated unfairly. However, it is not the sign of her weakness. Although her relatives and friends advise her to accept Henry’s l ove, she still refuses and sticks to her silent love for Edmund. When Sir Thomas is absent and the young people put on a private theatrical performance, Fanny refuses to take part in the performance because the performance violates the rules, which reflects her unique justice and principles. Even though Edmund who at first opposes the performance urges her to join in, she still insists her initial decision. At this point, Fanny does not oppose patriarchy blindly. And she rationally takes into account her attitude towards patriarchy. Fanny lives in a society where the old morality is destroyed and the new moral order has not been formed. In this moral vacuum, the original moral choice and judgment hasbegun to collapse gradually. People have different answers to what is right and what is wrong. But Fanny is a rational and thoughtful new woman, who does not drift with the tide. Finally, as a result of Sir Thomas’s opposition, this farce came to a premature end. The result indicates that the children of Thomas oppose patriarchal despotism ostensibly. They can not essentially get rid of the control of patriarchy.B.Fanny’s view of loveShe does not choose her partner according to wealth and status. On the contrary, she strives for her happiness rationally and independently. Although she is the most deprived heroine of Jane Austen’s novels, she gives a challenge to female view of spouse. Her love is full of twists and turns, but it is full of feminism.Fanny bravely refuses Henry Crawford’s courtship. Sir Thomas thinks that Henry “is a young man of sense and, of character, of temper, of manners, and of fortune. Gladly would he have bestowed either of his own daughters on him.”(315) But it is such a satisfactory man that Fanny refuses explicitly. From the point of Fanny, Henry is a flashy man, so she can not marry him. At the very start, Henry merely plans to make Fanny in love with him, which reveals the latent essence of a playboy. Fanny remains indifferent toward Henry’s attentions, which forces Henry to take interest in her. Henry Crawford is deeply in love with Fanny and wants to marry her. He takes great pains to get her brother William on. Though grateful for what Henry does for her brother, she still refuses his proposal rationally. In British society at that time, what Fanny does is considered as insanity. But it is this point makes Fanny different from others.She insists on her own minds and does not compromise because of her friends’persuasion. When knowing Fanny’s refusal of Henry, her family and friends are surprised and persuade her to accept Henry. Even Edmund who cares for Fanny most still supports her father Sir Thomas to contribute to the marriage of Henry and Fanny. Her respected Sir Thomas rigorously gives her a dressing-down. In order to awaken Fanny to the reality thoroughly, Sir Thomas lets her back to Portsmouth to know her poor situation. He “wished her to be heartily sick of home before her visit ended; and that a little abstinence from the elegancies and luxuries of Mansfield Park would bring her mind into a sober state, and incline her to a juster estimate of the value of that home of greater permanence, and equal comfort, of which she had the offer.”(366) However, deep in Fanny’s heart, she h as her own standard. Although the man is perfect in wealth, she will not marry the person she does not like. She knows he is frivolous in nature. Soon, Henry really exposes his nature. He elopes with Maria Bertram who has married. Everyone appreciates Fanny’s persistence. Fanny’s obstinacy not only is an im portant part of her personality charm, but also shows the awakening of female consciousness.She loves Edmund secretly and has the courage to strive for love. In Mansfield Park, Fanny lives with caution and tries to figure out everyone’s temper. She neverdoes what others dislike. Owing to Edmund, who is her only friend in Mansfield Park, Fanny does not feel the park indifferent and unfamiliar. To some extent, Edmund is the spiritual pillar and motivation for Fanny to live confidently. While Fanny is growing up, the dependence evolves into love gradually and Edmund goes into her heart. There is no doubt that Fanny loves Edmund but Edmund merely treats her as a sister. When Edmund loves Mary Crawford, Fanny can do nothing but to eat her heart out and dares not to show her jealousy. When Edmund fails in love, she takes care of him and enlightens him sincerely. She strives for her love bravely and marries Edmund in the end.C.Fanny’s challenge to patriarchyIn the 19th century, England was still a patriarchal society. Women were subordinate to men. But Jane Austen’s works break up the traditional mode and give the cry of female consciousness. It is Fanny, a rebel against the time, who revolts the patriarchy and shows the voice of female consciousness.When Fanny refuses Henry Crawford’s proposal, people around all oppose her decision. Sir Thomas not only harshly criticizes Fanny, but also uses threatening tactics to change her decision. The participation of Sir Thomas causes the authority of fathers to conflict with “daughters”. Sir Thomas b rings with all the characteristics of patriarchal society. He only believes in his own authority and thinks that he can force Fanny to change her mind. But what Fanny does is inconceivable and seriously challenges his authority. So Sir Thomas says: “you have disappointed every expectation I had formed, and you peculiarly free from willfulness of temper, self-conceit, and every tendency to that independence of spirit which prevails so much in modern days. Even in young women.” (314)What he says reveals his intolerableness for female independent consciousness. In his mind, women must obey him unconditionally. So he lets Fanny back to Portsmouth. Even Edmund who Fanny loves persuades her that “you have proved yourself upright and disinterested, prove yourself grateful and tender-hearted; and then you will be the perfect model of a woman which I have always believed you born for.” (343) What he said obliterates Fanny’s peculiarity and specific character. But Edmund’s persuasion does not work. Fanny does not submit to these autocratic thoughts and she still sticks to her own principle. It was a great revolt at that time. This action shows the female independent consciousness and status and is a declaration of breaking down women’s low status. Fanny’s revolt succeed s. She defends her marriage freedom by means of her own rationality. She controls her fate on her own. Therefore, when defending individual rights, women must resist various difficulties resolutely.V. ConclusionTo some extent, Mansfield Park is a transitional novel. Austen’s previous works reflect that money plays a key role in marriage, while the later works combine money with love, revealing women’s value for self-consciousness and the praise for female independent consciousness. She puts female intellect above everything. She believes that only with wisdom and reason, can women overcome various challenges in life, especially in love. Therefore, they will not lose their personality and dignity and will win men’s respect.As a pioneer of promoting female consciousness, Jane Austen represents the advanced ideas of her age. Her female consciousness is evident in her works. First of all, she thinks that women and men are equal in both family and society. Secondly, Austen supports women’s pursuit of liberty. They are the master of their own fortune. Thirdly, Austen appreciates women’s intellectual power. In her opinion, women are as rational as men. She believes that “women can think independently and make their own judgment.”(Tang 1) Fourthly, Austen expresses her opinion about marriage. She thinks that women’s marriage needs both love and property. “L ove is the foundation of a successful marriage and money is the security of marriage.” (Tang 1) Finally, Austen expresses her dissatisfaction with patriarchy, which can be seen by above-mentioned analysis of the female characters in this novel.We can find that Austen’s female consciousness is progressive and she criticizes the subordinate status of women in the patriarchal society. But she can not completely abandon the influence of historical tradition and real life on her, so her female consciousness cannot fully satisfy modern readers. In some aspects, although she calls for women’s wisdom and reason, she still emphasizes their role i n the family. It seems to me that in Austen’s opinion, w omen’s duty is to concern themselves with children’s education, ensure the comfort of their family and help their husbands build relationships.Nonetheless, we can not deny the fact that Austen is the torchbearer and pioneer of female consciousness in the history of English literature. Her female consciousness is a great contribution to literature. Subsequently, female consciousness in women writers’ works is more and more apparent. Till the Bronte sisters, it totally awakes and approaches the peak step by step.Works cited and consultedAnderson, Kathleen. “Lounging Ladies and Galloping Girls:Physical Strength and Feminity in Mansfield Park”. Women’s Studies 2009(03): 342-358.Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2011.---. Pride and Prejudice. Shanghai: World Publishing Corporation, 2008.Gillie, Christopher. A preface to Austen. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005. Peltason, Timothy. “Mind and Mindlessness in Jane Austen”. Hudson Review 2015(04).Sabison, Elizabeth J. Private Sphere to World Stage: From Austen to Eliot. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Group, 2008.Stove, Judy. “Instruction w ith Amusement: Jane Austen’s Women of Sense”.Renascence 2007(01): 2-16.Tang Hong. “A Feminist View of Jane Austen’s Persuasion”. Youth Liberator 2011(08). Waldron, Mary. Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time. London: Cambridge University Press, 2000.白忠德. 奥斯丁小说的女性自我意识[J]. 商洛学院学报，2008（04）：23-25.陈健. 试论奥斯丁小说中的女性意识[D]. 北华航天工业学院, 2010.崔月信. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》的文学成就与争议[J]. 飞天，2014（04:）：24-25. 傅桂香. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中的女性意识[D]. 浙江师范大学，2012.刘炳善. 英国文学简史[M]. 郑州: 河南人民出版社, 2007.凌淑珍. 从女性主义角度解读《诺桑觉寺》[D]. 郑州大学, 2005.刘宇晶. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中简·奥斯汀的女性意识研究[J]. 读与写杂志, 2014(05).裘因. 奥斯丁与英国女性文学[J]. 上海大学学报, 1996(06): 28-33.孙小梅. 从简·奥斯丁后期作品看英国社会各阶层的变化[D]. 安徽大学, 2011. 王亚青. 从简奥斯丁到乔治艾略特—论十九世纪英国女性小说中女性意识的演变[D]. 南京师范大学, 2006.。

Back to Square one摘要乔伊斯的短篇小说《伊芙琳》描述了女人公伊芙琳沉闷乏味的生活经历以及在出走的最后一刻却退回原地，选择放弃的故事，结尾处的女主人公的决策使得小说晦涩难懂，本文以此为着眼点，展示了民众内心瘫痪的主题，揭示了女性意识的觉醒，以及梦想的幻灭导致的无助的退却。

关键词：伊芙琳; 瘫痪；女性意识觉醒；幻灭；退却AbstractEveline is a novel by James Joyce, which describes the protagonist’s stultifying life experiences and her giving up of leaving at the last minute. At the end of the story, her final decision was obscure and confusing. Thus, I take it as a key point to demonstrate the public psychic paralysis which is the theme of this novel, then further display the awakening of female consciousness and the helpless retreat brought about by the disillusion of dream.Key Words: Eveline; paralysis;awakening of female consciousness; disillusion；shrink back I. IntroductionFor a long time, James Joyce has always been considered as one of the most influential modernist novelist of the early 20th century. He was born in an Irish Catholic family in Dublin. Though most of his adult life was spent overseas, Joyce's fictional universe does not extend beyond Dublin where seemed to be the center of paralysis[l]. His masterpiece Dubliners is a powerful illustration, which was completed in 1905, composed of 15 short stories[2].Eveline, as the fourth story in this collection, reflects the paralytic life of the young in Dublin in a most direct and vivid way. The protagonist, a girl at the age of 19, had suffered an oppressive life ever since her beloved people died. She was ordered about at the store, and she lived an impoverished life with an abusive father who refused to let her have a life of her own. In order to seek for a brand new life with her boyfriend Frank, she decided to run away to Buenos Aires. Howerver, just before boarding the ship, she had a change of mind and shrunk back to her depressing life. Many people hold the view that this ending simply showsa dilemma between family and love. Eveline choosed to stay beacause her sense of obligation to her family outweighed her desire for a whole new life. However, in my opinoin, it is not totally so. Actually, such a process of decision making happens to reveal the theme of Dubliners—the psychic paralysis.The paralysis of Dublin life hinders the awakening of woman consciousness and causes the disillusion of dream. This gives me the aspiration of writing this paper.II.The paralysis of Dublin lifeIn this short story, through the depicting of the depressive surrounding, the paralysis of Dublin life was presented vividly. At the very beginning of this story, Eveline sat at the window, leaned against the window curtains, surging thoughts and emotions about stay or leave, and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. Clearly, the word dusty symbolized the dry, uninteresting life in Dublin. Even Eveline wondered where on earth all the dust came from, though she had been cleaning it out for so many years[2].Obviously the thick dust suggested the degree of Dublin's paralysis. This foreshadowed the destiny of women in Eveline’s period. Some of them are fully apathetic; others might have ever tried to escape from the dull li fe only to find that the “dust” cover on the heart and soul is too thick.While reading this story, the unhappy experiences of Eveline were unfolded little by little. Since her mother died, Eveline began to lived in a state of endless uncertainty. She had to shoulder the responsibility of supporting her family.She felt no longer protected because of the heavy burden of family and her father’s threatening. She, in fact, played a double role in her family, a mother for the young, a wife for her father. Under the mounting stress from different aspects, she tried to fight against this “paralysis”. She was about to explore another life in another world. However, before boarding the ship, she was totally at a loss about whether to go or not, and at last fail to go. This reveals Eveline’s puzzlement and the spiritual dilemma on the one hand; On the other hand, it shows the lingering repression and paralysis of Dublin.III. the awakening of woman consciousnessIn such a male-dominant society, women had a hard life even when they were still young. Through the presentation of Eveline’s and her mother’s life, it shows that women atthat time should devote to the family whole-heartily, while they didn’t have the right to determine things independently, even their own life, marriage and fate; they have to accept their unbearable miseries in life passively and obediently. Thus it exposed the irrationality of traditional feminine role. What’s more, fro m the story we get to know that a sailor called Frank rushed into the her life like a sea breeze. Evenline met him secretly and experienced many brand new things together. She inevitably generated the idea of elopement.“To be or not to be, that is a question,”such a famous saying well interprets the dilemma of Eveline. Once she hesitated and was haunted by the past memories and promise she kept. Then at the second thought of the whole life miseries of her mother, she was frightened and again determined in running away with her boyfriend. Eveline’s awareness of her mother’s miseries and her desire to start a new life reveals the awakening of her female consciousness. Although at last Eveline did not manage to leave, she was not the girl who used to be after the torturous baptism.III.Disillusion of dreamNo one can forcast what might happen to her future, but the ending of this story does give us infinite space reverie. The reason that Eveline stopped pursuing for her dream seemed very obscure to us. Maybe in such a dull society, the only way for Eveline to escape from unhappy situations is marriage. However, marriage is not always reliable as she thought. With one step forword to the dock, there was freedom and hope of a new life, but also danger, death or uncertainty.Besides, in the traditional ideas of westerners, sailor usually refers to people who tend to spread intimacy over too many places and who are unwilling to build a ture partnership. We can not rule out the possibility that Frank was an exception. But with the brief time getting to know each other, Eveline was spellbound by the crazy love and generated the idea of elopement in a brash way. No wonder her father would said with objection, ”I know these sailor chaps,” and quarrelled with Frank.At the end of the story, unexpectedly, she refused to go with this young man who brought her hope, her face registered no emotion at all, no sign of love or farewell or recognition. She didn’t express her ideas clearly to us, which leave us confused. But ac cording to her reactionof “gripping with both hands at the iron railing”, we learned that her desperate situation was cleared up for her at this very moment. This might originate from her inborn human nature—a sense of self-protection. She might realize that Frank would probably become another “father”, and finally she would follow her mother’s steps—a slave of housekeeping. She just jumped into another fiery pit and made no difference. The amazing marriage in her dream would turn out to be a replica of present dull life. Unable to struggle, swamp quagmire. After all, it is not so easy for her to get rid of such a society of paralysis.V. ConclusionDreams are better than reality. But someday people would suddenly wake up from their dreams and find no way out, get injured and feel more upset by comparing that dream with reality. Actually, Eveline is the very epitome of that time. Through the whole story, we know that Eveline’s feminist consciousness was awakened. However, she didn’t take the chance to seek a new life. With her dream shattered, Eveline was paralyzed in getting rid of such a dilemma. Since people’s dreams were shaped in the existing paralytic surroundings, their protest uaually went back to the square one, and their efforts often ended in bitter resignation or fruitless discontent. Watch can go back to the basics, but has not yesterday.By probing into this short story, I have not only gained a lot of knowledge about the works of James Joyce but also known something about the psychic world of his time as well. Apart from these, it also raises my interest to go deeper and further in other works of James Joyce.References[l] 侯纬锐. 现代英国小说史[M]. 上海：上海教育出版社[2] 詹姆斯乔伊斯. 都柏林人[M]. 孙梁，宗白，译.上海译文出版社。