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虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1) 与现在事实相反——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…(2) 与过去事实相反——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…(3) 与将来事实相反——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。
练习：1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.A.wereB.had beenC.will beD.would be(D)2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.A.wereB.would have beenC.would beD.had been(B)3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.A.breaksB.could breakC.had broken outD. were to break(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。
专四语法（虚拟语气）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形⏹If I had time, I would do it again.⏹If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station.⏹If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correctconclusion.真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, 49）[C]A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（98, 43）[B]A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(09, 52) [B]A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(02, 60）[A]A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) [A]A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) [C]A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If + 主语+ 动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）），主句（主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+had+过去分词），主句（主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词）。
- 例如：If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.（如果他听了我的建议，他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议，也没通过考试）3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构：从句（If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形），主句（主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形）。
- 例如：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定，但这是一种假设情况）- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.（如果他明天来，我就会告诉他这个消息）- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.（如果我明天见到她，我就会把书给她）三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）。
1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句：It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句：What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”4. 当主语与all，none，any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
1. If the earth suddenly _______ spinning, we would all fly off it.A. had stoppedB. stoppedC. has stoppedD. would stop2. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ for this college.A. appointedB. be appointedC. is appointedD. has been appointed3. It was proposed that the matter _______ discussed at the next meeting.A. will beB. wasC. isD. be4. He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he _______ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. would have beenD. would be5. It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent6. My cat would not have bitten the toy fish _______ it was made of rubber.A. if she has knownB. if she knewC. she should have knownD. had she known7. That tree looked as if it _______ for a long time.A. hasn’t wateredB. didn’t waterC. hadn’t been wateredD. wasn’t watered8. It is necessary _______ the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return9. You’re talking to me as if I _______ an expert.A. amB. wasC. have beenD. were10. “Mary wants to see you today.”“I would rather she _______ tomorrow than today.”A. comesB. cameC. should comeD. will come11. I t’s getting rather late. It’s time we _______.A. are goingB. wentC. goD. must go12. It was unkind of you to say that ；you really _______ done so.A. should notB. should not haveC. need notD. must not13. This experiment _______ last week.A. should be doneB. should have been doneC. should have doneD. should do14. If it had rained last night, the roads _______ wet now.A. would have beenB. wereC. must beD. would be15. _______ you were coming today, I’d have met you at the airport.A. Have I knownB. I have knownC. Had I knownD. I had known16. If the sun _______ tomorrow, what would we do?A. would not riseB. should not riseC. had not riseD. does not rise17. Without your help, we _______ so much.A. wouldn’t have achievedB. will not achieveC. didn’t achieveD. don t achieve18. Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow _______.A. should occurB. occursC. occurredD. will occur答案与解析1. B如果地球突然停止转动，我们都将飞离出去。
虚拟语气。
if 引导的假设性条件状语从句，表达与现在事实相反的假设情况时，从句动词结构使用过去式，主句动词使用would + V原形。
2. B一位新校长被任命来这所大学，这是最好不过的了。
虚拟语气。
It is + adj . + that...主语从句中，动词使用should + V原形，should 可以省略。
常用形容词有essential, necessary, desirable, incredible, important, imperative等。
3.D有人提议这个问题下次会议再讨论。
虚拟语气。
It is + V过去分词+ that...从句中，动词使用should + V原形，should 可以省略。
动词一般含有“建议、决定、要求、命令”之意。
4.A他没有去参加宴会，但是他着实希望他（那时）在那儿。
虚拟语气。
wish后的宾语从句中，表达与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词使用过去完成时。
5.C申请表在截止日期前送回去，这是非常必要的。
虚拟语气。
解析同2 。
6.D如果我的猫知道玩具鱼是由橡胶做成的话，她就不会抓咬它了。
虚拟语气。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句，表达与过去事实相反的假设情况时，从句动词结构使用过去完成时，主句动词使用would + have done。
7.C那棵树看上去好像已经很长时间没有浇水了。
虚拟语气。
as if在引导的方式状语从句中表示“仿佛，好像” ，如果表示与过去事实相反，对过去情况的推测，谓语动词则使用过去完成时。
8.C他要立即归还字典，这是极为必要的。
虚拟语气。
解析同2 。
9.D你（现在）同我说话（的样子）仿佛我是个专家。
虚拟语气。
as if在引导的方式状语从句中，表示“仿佛，好像”，如果表示与现在事实不符，对现在情况的推测，谓语动词则使用过去式，如果是be动词，则使用were。
10. B“玛丽今天想见你。
”“与其今天来，我宁愿她明天来。
”虚拟语气。
would rather后的从句中，如果表示与现在或将来事实不符的情况，谓语动词使用一般过去时。
11.B天色很晚了，我们该走了。
虚拟语气。
It is (about / high) time (that)后的从句中，表示早该做而未做的事，含“建议”的意味，谓语动词使用一般过去时。
12.B你说那些话太不友善了，你本不该那么做。
虚拟语气。
情态动词should not + have done结构表示“本不该……”。
13.B这项实验本该上周做的。
虚拟语气。
解析同12 。
情态动词should + have done结构表示“本该……”。
14.D如果昨晚下了雨，现在路上就会湿。
虚拟语气。
if 引导的错综时间的非真实性条件句，如果从句表示与过去事实相反的情况，主句表示与现在事实相反的情况，则从句动词使用过去完成时，主句动词使用would + V原形。
15.C如果我早知道你今天来，我就会去机场接你。
虚拟语气。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句，表达与过去事实相反的假设情况时，从句动词结构使用过去完成时，主句动词使用would + have done。
如果从句连词if省略，则呈倒装语序。
16.B万一明天太阳不升起，我们该怎么办？虚拟语气。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句，表达与将来事实相反的假设情况时，从句动词结构使用should +V原形或were to do ，主句动词使用would +V 原形。
17.A没有你的帮助，我们就不会取得如此多的成就。
虚拟语气。
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现，而是通过一个介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现，此为含蓄条件句。
与过去情况不符，动词使用would+ have done。
18. A必须小心使用这种方法，以防溢流发生。
虚拟语气。
以lest ，for fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，谓语多使用should + V原形。
