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呼吸衰竭疑难病例讨论English.Discussion of a Challenging Case of Respiratory Failure. Pertinent History and Clinical Presentation.A 65-year-old male with a history of COPD and smoking presents with progressively worsening shortness of breath over the past 2 days. He denies any recent changes in his smoking habits or exposures to any potential respiratory irritants. On examination, he is in moderate respiratory distress with tachypnea, wheezing, and bilateral crackleson auscultation. His oxygen saturation on room air is 88%.Initial Management.The patient is initially managed with nebulized bronchodilators, antibiotics, and systemic corticosteroids. Despite these measures, his respiratory status continues todeteriorate, and he requires non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.Diagnostic Evaluation.A chest X-ray shows diffuse interstitial infiltratesand hyperinflation. Sputum culture is negative for bacteria.A bronchoscopy reveals purulent secretions in the airways, and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid shows asignificant increase in neutrophils and lymphocytes.Differential Diagnosis.The differential diagnosis includes:Acute exacerbation of COPD.Pneumonia.Pulmonary embolism.Interstitial lung disease.Other respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, RSV)。
