2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析

2020年考研英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 完形填空 2. 阅读理解 3. 翻译 4. 作文完形填空Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very【B1】______, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 【B2】______, a younger sibling. 【B3】______, There’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to【B4】______: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 【B5】______every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 【B6】______. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a【B7】______and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can【B8】______you just a little too far. And then the【B9】______ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 【B10】______and does nobody any good. You wish that you could【B11】______the clock and start over, We’ve all been there: 【B12】______, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may【B13】______for a long time. This may not only do damage t0 your relationship with. your child but also【B14】______your child’s self-esteem. If you consistently lose your 【B15】______with your kids. then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the【B16】______of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when【B17】______by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills Certainly, it’s incredibly【B18】______to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with【B19】______situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal. you and your children will benefit and【B20】______from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1．【B1】A．tediousB．pleasantC．instructiveD．tricky正确答案：D2．【B2】A．in addition B．for example C．at once D．by accident正确答案：B3．【B3】A．fortunately B．occasionally C．accordingly D．eventually 正确答案：A4．【B4】A．amuse B．assist C．describe D．train正确答案：C5．【B5】A．while B．because C．unless D．once正确答案：A6．【B6】A．answer B．task C．choice D．access正确答案：B7．【B7】A．tolerant B．formalC．rigid D．critical正确答案：A8．【B8】A．move B．drag C．push D．send正确答案：C9．【B9】A．mysterious B．illogical C．suspicious D．inevitable 正确答案：D10．【B10】A．boring B．naive C．harsh D．vague正确答案：C11．【B11】A．turn back B．take apart C．set aside D．cover up 正确答案：A12．【B12】A．overall B．instead C．however D．otherwise 正确答案：C13．【B13】A．like B．miss C．believe D．regret正确答案：D14．【B14】A．raise B．affect C．justify D．reflect正确答案：B15．【B15】A．time B．bond C．race D．cool正确答案：D16．【B16】A．nature B．secret C．importance D．context正确答案：C17．【B17】A．cheated B．defeated C．confused D．confronted 正确答案：D18．【B18】A．terrible B．hardC．strangeD．wrong正确答案：B19．【B19】A．tryingB．changingC．excitingD．surprising正确答案：B20．【B20】A．hideB．emergeC．withdrawD．escape正确答案：B阅读理解Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a realrat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21．Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can______ .A．pickup social signals from non-living ratsB．distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC．attain sociable traits through special trainingD．send out warming messages to their fellow正确答案：A22．What did the social robot do during the experiment?A．It followed the social robot.B．It played with some toys.C．It set the trapped Tats free.D．It moved around alone.正确答案：C23．According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they______ .A．tried to practice a means of escapeB．expected it to do the same in returnC．wanted to display their intelligenceD．considered that an interesting game正确答案：B24．James Wiles notes that rats______ .A．can remember other rat’s facial featuresB．differentiate smells better than sizesC．respond more to cations than to looksD．can be scared by a plastic box on wheels正确答案：C25．It can be learned from the text that rats______ .A．appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB．are more socially active than other animalsC．behave differently from children in socializingD．are more sensitive to social cues than expected正确答案：DIt is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others’pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition. It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the 350 largest such companies—now makes about $18.9 million a year. While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much. In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market. The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy. Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind- boggling. There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way. On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26．which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A．The growth in the number of cooperationsB．The general pay rise with a better economyC．Increased business opportunities for top firmsD．Close cooperation among leading economics正确答案：C27．Compared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to______.A．foster a stronger sense of teamworkB．finance more research and developmentC．establish closer ties with tech companiesD．operate more globalized companies正确答案：D28．CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite_______.A．continual internal oppositionB．strict corporate governanceC．conservative business strategiesD．repeated governance warnings正确答案：B29．High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps_______.A．confirm the status of CEOsB．motive inside candidatesC．boost the efficiency of CEOsD．increase corporate value正确答案：D30．The most suitable title for this text would be_______.A．CEOs Are Not OverpaidB．CEO Pay: Past and PresentC．CEOs’Challenges of TodayD．CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define正确答案：AMadrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. Mayor Jose Luis Martínez -Almeida madeopposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best. Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected. It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, stokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths. But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so. Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31．Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?A．Its effects are questionableB．It has been opposed by a judgeC．It needs tougher enforcementD．Its fate is yet to be decided正确答案：D32．Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A．They are biased against car manufacturers.B．They prove impractical for city councils.C．They are deemed too mild for politicians.D．They put too much burden on individual motorists.正确答案：D33．The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will______.A．arouse strong resistance.B．ensure Khan’s electoral success.C．improve the city’s traffic.D．discourage car manufacturing.正确答案：A34．Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A．Local residentsB．Mayors.C．Councilors.D．National governments.正确答案：D35．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies______ .A．will raise low-emission car productionB．should be forced to follow regulationsC．will upgrade the design of their vehiclesD．should be put under public supervision正确答案：BNow that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly- accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than its been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them. If “entitled”is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren’t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve. One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. Ina 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36．Generation Zs graduating college this spring________.A．are recognized for their abilitiesB．are in favor of job offersC．are optimistic about the labor marketD．are drawing growing public attention正确答案：D37．Generation Zs are keenly aware________.A．what a tough economic situation is likeB．what their parents expect of themC．how they differ from past generationsD．how valuable a counselor’s advice is正确答案：A38．The word“assuage”(line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning to________.A．defineB．relieveC．maintainD．deepen正确答案：B39．It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs________.A．care little about their job performanceB．give top priority to professional trainingC．think it hard to achieve work-life balanceD．have a clear idea about their future job正确答案：D40．Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are________.A．less realisticB．less adventurousC．more diligentD．more generous正确答案：BRead the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) [A] Give compliments, just not too many. [B] Put on a good face, always. [C] Tailor your interactions. [D] Spend time with everyone. [E] Reveal, don’t hide information. [F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others’shoes. Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side. 【C1】______ If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won’t be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest. 【C2】______ Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts. 【C3】______ It’s common to have a “cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day. 【C4】______ Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don’t overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over. 【C5】______ This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while otherare more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.41．【C1】正确答案：E42．【C2】正确答案：F43．【C3】正确答案：D44．【C4】正确答案：A45．【C5】正确答案：C翻译46．It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it. We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world,”or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.正确答案：人的一生总要经历一些失败。

2020年全国硕上研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析SectionI Use of EnglishI【答案】[C] tricky【解析】首段首句给出文章话题中心”成为一名好父亲或母亲是每一位父亲或母亲想要做的事情”，但第二句话话锋一转”但是定义什么是好父母无疑很，因为孩子们会对同类型的抚养模式做用不同的回应，“因此可排除p leasant、instructive这两个纯褒义词，tedious"冗长的“感情色彩过于消极，也排除，t ric k"y 复杂的符合语义逻辑要求，故为正确答案！2【答案】[C] for example【解析】上文表明，“孩子们会对抚养模式有不同的回应”，空格处所在句指出，“冷静，遵守规则的孩子，与更年少的孩子相比，对于不同的抚养模式，会做出更好的同应”，这两句话符合抽象具体”的逻辑关系，故for example为正确答案。

3【答案】[A]Fortunately【解析】第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂”，第二段首句指出“另外一种类型的父母很容易“第一段关键词"tricky"与本句中"easier"这两个词形成隐性的转折关系，"fo rtunately"符合逻辑关系的要求，故选为正确答案。

4【答案】[D] describe【解析】空格处所需动词与"parent"形成语义上的动宾关系，而第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂＂，第二段首句指出幸运地是，另外一种类型的父母很容易”，这两句话之间话题一致，逻辑关系相反，因此可推测该空格处所填入的动词应该与"define"语义相近，故"describe"描述为正确答案。

5【答案】[D]while【解析】该题考查句间逻辑关系，空格所在句表明“每位父母想变得有耐心”，下一句指山”这不是容易的＂，这两句话存在“一肯－否＂的特征，形成对立关系，因此空格处应该填入表示“让步”概念的词故while为正确答案。

Directions:2020考研英语（二）真题及解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differentlyto the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sortof parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human,and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And then the9 happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10and does nobody any good.You wish that you could11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’s common,it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may13for a long time.This may not onlydo damage t0your relationship with.your child but also14your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skillsCertainly,it’s incredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefit and20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they displayonly simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warming messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats.[A]can remember other rat’s facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others’pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America’s highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levelsof technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model,helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number ofcooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors,today’s CEOs are required to.A.foster a stronger sense ofteamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEO Pay:Past and PresentC.CEOs’Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,stokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by ajudge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of theirvehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose).Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring.[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs arekeenly aware.[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect ofthem[C]how they differ from pastgenerations[D]how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word“assuage”(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to.[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs.[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-lifebalance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Generation Zs are.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try stay tight-lipped around them.But you won’t be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study foundthat observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.[F]Slow down and listen.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.[D]Spend time with everyone.It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in additionto those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.[A]Give compliments,just not too many.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s bossto tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good willin others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.[C]Tailor your interactions.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they're not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world,”or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons arevery important,they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人的一生总要经历一些失败。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案【完型填空答案解析】今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。

下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。

1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。

空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。

tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。

2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。

所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。

3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。

空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。

第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。

故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。

4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。

第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。

5.【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。

逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。

6.【答案】B task【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human.and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And then the9happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too10and does nobody any good.You wish that you could 11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’s common,it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may13for a long time.Ibis may not only do damage to your relationship with.your child but also14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skillsCertainly,it’s incredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to tr to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefitand20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[1)]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted1L[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social anti one asocial—for5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers tapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they displayonly simple social signals.”We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[q attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warming messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats______[A]can remember other rat’s facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats______[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others’pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-l970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.Infact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts ofArnerica’s highest-earning l%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that s stem requires knowledge that is fairlymind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly;it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number of cooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors,today’s CEOs are required to_.A.foster a stronger sense of teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEO Pay:Past and PresentC.CEOs’Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal baffles ahead,the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The newultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, stokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,”school streets”,even individual roads-are a response to the absence of alarger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance-Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies-[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the mostcommonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to milennials (those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practicaland cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or bo&They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt-College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with ajob in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose)Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring-[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware_______[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word“assuage”(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to________[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs_______[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with milennials,Generation Zs are_______[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try stay tight-lipped around them.But you won’t be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact,rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions.Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see.Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44-Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off but it can go a long way to achieving results.Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So, adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they’re not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world,”or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons are very important,they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPartA46.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students.Write an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEETDo nor use your own name,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B47.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年考研英语二答案解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But d efining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same styl e of parenting. A calm, rul e-foll owing chil d might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You l ose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and d oes nobody any good. You wish that you coul d __11__ the cl ock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your chil d that you may __13__ for a l ong time. This may not only d o damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your chil d’s self-esteem.If you consistently l ose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tol erance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your chil dren. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for exampl e C at once D by accid ent3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C d escribe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D refl ect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hid e B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can id entify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial - for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat foll owed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged d oors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bond ed more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal expl oring and playing. This coul d lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal d esign. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fell ow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wil es.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostil e one[C] attain sociabl e traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fell ow22. What did the social robot d o during the experiment?[A] It foll owed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around al one.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to cations than to l ooks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animalsC] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for und erstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being abl e to “run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their pred ecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to d o all the day-to-day work they have always d one.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insid er picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices buil d up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the foll owing has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A] The growth in the number of corporations[B] The general pay rise with a better economy[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms[D] Close cooperation among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and d evelopment[C] establish cl oser ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s d espite______[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text woul d be______[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs' challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's d ecision to stop levying fines, ord ering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must empl oy when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-l ow emission zone (Ul ez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral el ection. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones d o deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, l ess cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councill ors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to d o so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special l ow speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the foll owing is true about Madrid's cl ean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decid ed32. Which is consid ered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.D] They put too much burd en on individual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of Lond on's Ulez will .[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.[C] improve the city s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the probl em?[A] Local residents[B]Mayors.[C] Council ors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A] will raise l ow-emission car production[B]shoul d be forced to foll ow regulations[C] will upgrad e the d esign of their vehicles[D] shoul d be put und er public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating coll ege this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And empl oyers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Empl oyers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck l ooks like. They were impressionabl e kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents l ost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future empl oyer was the ability to offer secure empl oyment (foll owed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), foll owed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counsel ors advice is38. The word “assuage"(line 9, para 2)is cl oset in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] d eepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care littl e about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear id ea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the foll owing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitabl e subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, d on' t hide, information.[F] Sl ow d own and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possibl e to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 peopl e, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whol e office on your sid e41.____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid l ost trustworthiness. The l esson is not that you shoul d make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42._____Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you shoul d expand your horizons and find out about all the peopl e around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with coll eagues you d on't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in ad dition to being a nice break in the work day.44._____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you d on't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engend er good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.______This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your styl e accordingly to type. Consid er the person that you re d ealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the foll owing text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can helpyou discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international stud ents. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not use your own name, use“Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you shoul d1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Directions：2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）详细解答Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

2020 年考研英语（二）真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A. B. C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is ,of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than. 2 ,a younger one.3 , there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 ,every parent would like to be patient. this is no easy6 . sometimes, parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a7 and composed sty1e with their kids. I understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 even though it's common. it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.Certainly, it's incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try , to the best of your ability ,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children.I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A.pleasant B.tricky C.tedious D.instructive2. A.at once B.in addition C.for example D.by accident3. A.Fortunately B.Occasionally C.Accordingly D.Eventually4. A.amuse B.train C.assist D.describe5. A.once B.because C.unless D.while6. A.choice B.answer C.task D.access7. A.formal B.tolerant C.rigid D.critical8. A.move B.send C.drag D.push9. A. inevitable B.illogical C. mysterious D.suspicious10. A.boring B.harsh C.naive D.vague11. A.turn back B.take apart C.set aside D.cover up12. A.Overall B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However13. A.believe B.regret C.miss D.like14. A.justify B.raise C.affect D.reflect15. A.bond B.time C.race D.cool16. A.nature B. secret C.context D.importance17. A.confronted B.defeated C.cheated D.confused18. A.strange B.terrible C.hard D.wrong19. A.exciting B.trying C.surprising D.changing20. A.withdraw B.hide C. emerge D.escapeSelection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings. Loleh Quinn at the University of California. San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social and one asocial-for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist. resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,. the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.”We’d assumed we’ d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial feat ures. and put a scene on u to make it smell like a real rat. but that wasn’ t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia. who helpedwith the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they arc fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too.” M says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A.pickup social signals from non-living ratsB.d istinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC.attain sociable traits through special trainingD.Send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment? .A.It followed the social robotB.It played with some toysC.It set the trapped rats freeD.It moved around alone23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .A.tried to practice a means of escapeB.e xpected it to do the same in returnC.wanted to display their intelligenceD.considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats .A.can remember other rat’s facial featuresB.differentiate smells better than sizesC.respond more to cations than to looksD. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats .A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB.a re more socially active than other animalsC.behave differently from children in socializingD.are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others’ pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the 350 largest such companies—now makes about $18.9 million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much. In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative tomany other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “ run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there’ s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done —which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world ’ s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number of cooperationB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .A.foster a stronger sense of teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .A.continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .A.confirm the status of CEOsB.m otive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be .A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars, Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign.despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses. the measures cities must employ when left to tackledirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and south Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition form the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serous threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births. Less dementia and asthma Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record SI. 5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.31.Generation Zs graduating college this springA.are recognized for their abilitiesB.a re in favor of job offersC.are optimistic about the labor marketD.are drawing growing public attention32.Generation Zs are keenly awareA.what a tough economic situation is likeB.w hat their parents expect of themC.how they differ from past generationD.how valuable a counselor’s advice is33.The word "assuage"(line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning toA.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen34.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation ZsA.care little about their job performanceB.g ive top priority to professional trainingC.think it hard to achieve work- Life balanceD.have a clear idea about their future job35.Micelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation ZS areA.less realisticB.less adventurousC.more diligentD.more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B]Put on a good face, always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone[E]Reveal, don't hide, information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office Is it possible to like everyone in your office ? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly . But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers, You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness, The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43 .It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting .Butin addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project .This will help engender good will in others. But don' overdo it or be fake about it One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHET. (15points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure, But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world." Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to look for the lesson we're mean to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow. and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failuresstop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section III WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students write an email to(1)tell them about the site, and(2)give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points).答案：1-5 BCADD 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 ADBCD 16-20 DACBC答案：21-25 A D B C D21题：第一段Loleh Quinn at the University of California. San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 测试机器老鼠发出的社交信号。

Directions ：Read the following text.Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。

下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。

1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。

空格句开头为but ，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since 后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。

tricky 意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。

2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。

所以用表示举例分析的for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。

3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。

空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。

第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。

故选Fortunately ，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。

4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。

第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe 与define 相呼应，故选C 符合句意。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A], [B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger one._3_,there's another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_ and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the _9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.We've all been there._12_,even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when _17_by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.Certainly,it's incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B], [C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial—for 5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computermouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels."We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn't necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals."We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,"says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can____.[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot[B]It played with some toys[C]It set the trapped rats free[D]It moved around alone23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they____.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats____.[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats____.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2Why CEOs Actually Deserve Their Gazillion-Dollar SalariesBy Tyler CowenApril11,2019IDEASCowen is Holbert L.Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and the author most recently of Big-Business:A love Letter to an American Anti-Hero.It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others'pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9millon a year.While individual cases of over payment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in|lockstep with the value of those companies on the stockmarket.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of|limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the US.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to"run the company.CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGl products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world's most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise____.[A]The growth in the number of cooperations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to____.[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]cooperate more globalized companies28.High CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite____.[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps____.[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motive inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be____.[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEOs’Challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air onto individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emissionzone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in202I as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Britain's and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,"school streets", even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution.We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable.[B]It has been opposed by a judge.[C]Its fate is yet to be decided.[D]It needs tougher enforcement.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will____.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies____.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the-most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it's been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them Generation Zs are clear-eyed economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years.Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$l.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance wasnumber one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring____.[A]are recognized for their abilities.[B]are optimistic about the labor market.[C]are in favor of office job offers.[D]are drawing growing public attention.37.Generation Zs are keenly aware____.[A]What their parents expect of them[B]How valuable a counselor’s advice is[C]What a tough economic situation is like[D]How they differ from past generation38.The word“assuage”(line9,paragraph2)is closest in meaning to____.[A]deepen[B]define[C]maintain[D]relieve39.It can be learned from Para.3that Generation Zs____.[A]give top priority to professional training[B]have a clear idea about their future jobs[C]care little about their job performance[D]think it hard to achieve work-life balance40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Gener ation Zs are____.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Rend the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(1-4).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many[B]Put on a good face always[C]Tailor your interactions[D]Spend time with everyone[E]Reveal,don't hide,information[F]Slow down and listen[G]Put yourselves in others’shoesFive Ways to win Over Everyone in the officeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about ow tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41_______________if you have a bone to pack with someone in your workplace you may try sty tight-lipped round them.But you wont be helping ether one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them you should just be honest.42_______________Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project a stray thought or a complaint.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to ear out your coworkers,too.In fat, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions.Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43_______________It's common to have a"cubicle mate"or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your onions and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the workday.44_______________Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45_______________This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese,write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they’re not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world”,or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons are very important;they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failure at something can help you discover your truest fiends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of historical site for a group of a international students1)say something about the site2)give some tips for the tourYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.D.tricky2.B.for example3.A.Fortunately4.C.describe5.A.while6.B.task7.A.tolerant8.C.push9.D.inevitable10.C.harsh11.A.turn back12.C.However13.D.regret14.B.affect15.D.cool16.C.importance17.D.confronted18.B.hard19.A.trying20.B.emergeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.A.pick up social signals from non-living rats22.D.It moved around alone.23.B.expected it to do the same in return24.C.respond more to actions to looks25.D.are more sensitive to social than expectedText226.C.increased business opportunities for top firms27.D.cooperate more globalized companies28.B.strict corporate governance29.D.increase corporate value30.A.CEOs are not overpaidText331.C.Its fate is yet to be decided32.D.They put the burden on individual motorists.33.A.arouse strong resistance34.D.national governance35.D.should be forced to follow regulationsText436.D.are drawing growing attention37.C.what a tough economic situation is like38.D.relieve39.B.have a clear idea about future jobs40.B.less adventurousPart B41.E.Reveal,don't hide information42.F.Slow down&listen43.D.Spend time with everyone44.A.Give compliment,just not too many45.C.Tailor your interactionSection III Translation人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。