严复中英文简介
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严复(1854.1.8—1921.10.27)原名宗光,字又陵,后改名复,字几道,汉族,福建侯官人,是清末很有影响的资产阶级启蒙思想家,翻译家和教育家,是中国近代史上向西方国家寻找真理的“先进的中国人”之一。
代表作品:译亚当·斯密《原富》、斯宾塞《群学肆言》、孟德斯鸠《法意》在《天演论》中,严复以“物竞天择”、“适者生存”的生物进化理论阐发其救亡图存的观点,提倡鼓民力、开民智、新民德、自强自立、号召救亡图存。
译文简练,首倡“信、达、雅”的译文标准。
严复翻译了《天演论》、《原富》、《群学肄言》、《群己权界论》、《社会通诠》、《穆勒名学》、《名学浅说》、《法意》、《美术通诠》等西洋学术名著,成为近代中国开启民智的一代严复作品及评传(5张)宗师。
离开北洋水师学堂后,严复先后出任安徽高等学堂监督、复旦公学和北京大学等校校长,以教育救国为任。
辛亥革命后,他一度党附袁世凯,卷入洪宪帝制,为世人诟病。
基于对国情民性的独特把握,严复终身反对革命共和,时持犯众之论,既不获解於当时,更致聚讼于后世。
虽然如此,其立身行且秉持特立独行的操守,学术政见有其一以贯之的原则,在翻译学上更是为一时之先,其风格思想影响了后期一大批著名翻译家。
其众多译著更是留给后世的宝贵遗产。
严复是中国近代翻译史上学贯中西、划时代意义的翻译家,也是我国首创完整翻译标准的先驱者。
严复吸收了中国古代佛经翻译思想的精髓,并结合自己的翻译实践经验,在《天演论》译例言里鲜明地提出了“信、达、雅”的翻译原则和标准。
“信”(faithfulness)是指忠实准确地传达原文的内容;“达”(expressiveness)指译文通顺流畅;“雅”(elegance)可解为译文有文才,文字典雅。
这条[1]著名的“三字经”对后世的翻译理论和实践的影响很大,20世纪的中国译者几乎没有不受这三个字影响的。
在翻译理论方面,严复最伟大的贡献在于,在《天演论·译例言》中,将三国时支谦《法句经序》中提到过的“信”、“达”、“雅”三字,按译事的内在规律排列组合,明确地将其作为“译事楷模”,成为“我国译界倡导系统而完整翻译标准的先驱”。
严复及其翻译简述A brief introduction on Yan Fuand his translationcontributions摘要:严复是近代中国伟大的翻译家和翻译理论家,他传西学,译西著,对近代中国文明的进步起到了积极的作用。
他“信达雅”的翻译标准,历来受到学术界各家褒贬不一的评价,但是它却能长盛不衰,屡改不倒,这说明它是“实用的”、是“精练之至”的、是“经验之谈”、是杰出科学的翻译理论总结和宝贵的翻译理论遗产。
关键词:严复生平;信达雅;译著Abstract: Yan Fu is a great modern enlightenment thinker in China. He raised the standard of translation: faithfulness expressiveness and elegance. It plays a great role in translation work. He had introduced and translated some famous western works to china. After reading his translating works, our Chinese have changed much more in thoughts. He also has made a great contribution to the development of china and played a great role in Chinese society’s advancing.Key words: Yan Fu; biography ; translation、; "faithfulness、expressiveness、elegance"目录引言------------------------------------------------------------------I 严复生平概述------------------------------------------------------II“信、达、雅”的探讨研究--------------------------------------------2.1“信、达、雅”的提出-----------------------------------------------2.2“信、达、雅”-----------------------------------------------------2.3“信、达、雅”褒贬之争---------------------------------------------III严复译著---------------------------------------------------------3.1严复译著在中国的影响----------------------------------------------3.2严复与“信、达、雅”翻译原则----------------------------------------结束语----------------------------------------------------------------参考文献--------------------------------------------------------------致谢-----------------------------------------------------------------Acknowledgements-----------------------------------------------------引言严复是近代中国系统地介绍西方资产阶级学术思想的第一人,他“信、达、雅”的翻译理论标准在我国及世界翻译界都具有举足轻重的影响力,国外众多学者也都将视线集中到了这位近代启蒙思想家,和对他“信、达、雅”翻译标准的研究上,对他先进思想及著名翻译理论的探讨研究,将会让我们在翻译工作中有一套更为完善的翻译技巧和方法,用来更加完善地做好我们的翻译工作,使我们的翻译工作日臻完善。
严复
严复(1854—1921年),字几道,又字又陵,福建侯官人,他是近代向西方寻找真理的代表人物,也是系统地在中国传播西学的资产阶级启蒙思想家、翻译家。
他是福州船政学堂第一届毕业生,后留学英国海军学校。
1880年任北洋水师学堂总教习,后升总办。
甲午中日战争后,他发表《原强》《救亡决论》和《辟韩》等一系列政治文章,发出爱国救亡的强烈呼声,主张维新变法,并着手译述英国自然科学家赫胥黎的著作,取名《天演论》。
该书系统介绍了达尔文的生物进化论,以“物竞天择,适者生存”的论点,号召人们救亡图存,“与天争胜”,对当时思想界起了很大影响。
戊戌变法前,他曾主办《国闻报》。
戊戌变法后,他翻译《原富》《群学肄言》《法意》等,传播西方资产阶级政治经济思想和逻辑学。
辛亥革命后,他思想日趋保守,1915年列名“筹安会”。
其著译编为《侯官严氏丛刊》《严译名著丛刊》。
《天演论》
《天演论》,清代严复译自英国赫胥黎所著《进化论与伦理学》一书。
“天演”即进化之意,“天演论”即进化论。
严复不赞成把自然规律(进化论)与人类关系(伦理学)加以分割,译述时只取前面“进化论”(即天演论)命书名。
严译《天演论》只包括赫胥黎原著中“序论”与“本论”两篇。
甲午战后,严复始译此书,1898年正式出版,为中国近代较早的一本直接介绍西方资产阶级理论著作的书。
严译《天演论》的特点不在于简单地转述赫胥黎原著,而是创造性地“取便发挥”,以求服务
于当时中国社会的需要。
书中“物竞天择,适者生存”的理论对打击封建势力、宣传变法维新起过积极作用。
严复(1853——1921):triple principle of translation信(faithfulness):忠实准确达(expressiveness):通顺流畅雅(elegance):文字古雅Yan fu put forward this“three character guide”in his preface to the translation of T.H.Huxley`s book Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(《天演论》译例言 1898)译事三难信达雅。
求其信已大难矣。
顾信矣不达。
虽译尤不译也。
则达尚焉。
……易曰修辞立诚。
子曰辞达而已。
又曰言之无文。
行之不远。
三者乃文章正轨。
亦即为译事楷模。
故信达而外。
求其尔雅。
此不仅期以行远已耳。
实则精理微言。
用汉以前字法句法。
则为达易。
用近世利俗文字。
则求达雅。
往往抑义就词。
毫厘千里。
审择于斯二者之间。
夫固有所不得已。
岂钓奇哉。
……Translation has to do three difficult things:to be faithful,expressive,and elegant。
It is difficult enough to be faithful to the original,and yet if a translation is not expressive,it is tantamount to having no translation.Hence expressiveness should be required too……The Book of Changes says that the first requisite of rhetoric is truthfulness. Confucius saysthat expressiveness is all that matters in language。
严复
严复
中文名称: 严复
又名: 字又陵宗光
性别: 男
所属年代: 清代
民族: 汉族
生卒年: 1854~1921
相关事件: 戊戌变法甲午辛亥革命
生平简介
严复(1854~1921)近代资产阶级启蒙思想家,翻译家。
原名宗光,字又陵,1871年(同治十年)毕业于福州船政学堂。
1877年(光绪三年)派赴英国格林尼治海军大学,其间广泛接触西方资产阶级自然和社会政治学说。
1879年回国,任福州船政学堂教习。
次年任天津北洋水师学堂总教习,后升任总办。
甲午战争后,深感国势日危,先后发表《论世变之亟》、《原强》、《辟韩》、《救亡决论》等文,抨击封建专制,主张向西方学习。
1895~1898年翻译t.h.赫胥黎的《天演论》,以“物竞天择,适者生存”的进化论观点唤起国人救亡图存,“自强保种”,对近代思想界影响极大。
1897年主办《国闻报》。
是当时影响最大的报纸之一。
戊戌变法后,至宣统元年(1909),先后译出《原富》、《群学肄言》、《群己权界论》、《社会通诠》、《法意》、《名学浅说》、《穆勒名学》等书,是近代中国系统地介绍和传播西方资产阶级政治学说和思想文化制度的第一人。
首倡“信、达、雅”的翻译标准,至今仍被推崇。
1900年在上海参加唐才常组织的中国国会,任副会长。
1905年协助创办复旦公学,为第二任校长。
1912年京师大学堂更名为北京大学校,任首任校长。
辛亥革命后,严复趋于保守。
1915年参加筹安会。
提倡尊孔,诋毁五四运动。
严复( 1853——1921):triple principle of translation
信(faithfulness):忠实准确
达(expressive nesS :通顺流畅
雅( eleganc^ :文字古雅
Yan fu put forward this “ threceharacter guide ” inhis preface to the
tran slati on of T.H.Huxley's book Evoluti on and Ethics and Other Essays
(《天演论》译例言1898)
译事三难信达雅。
求其信已大难矣。
顾信矣不达。
虽译尤不译也。
则达尚
焉。
……易曰修辞立诚。
子曰辞达而已。
又曰言之无文。
行之不远。
三者
乃文章正轨。
亦即为译事楷模。
故信达而外。
求其尔雅。
此不仅期以行远
已耳。
实则精理微言。
用汉以前字法句法。
则为达易。
用近世利俗文字。
则求达雅。
往往抑义就词。
毫厘千里。
审择于斯二者之间。
夫固有所不得
已。
岂钓奇哉。
……
Translation has to do three difficult things:to be faithful,expressive,
and elegant。
It is difficult enough to be faithful to the original ,and yet if
a translation is not expressive,it is tantamount to having no
translation.Hence expressiveness should be required too
The Book Changes says that the first requisite of rhetoric is truthfulness. Confucius
says that expressiveness is all that matters in language。
He adds that if
one's Ianguage lacks grace it won't go far.These three qualities then, are the criteria of good writing and, I believe, of good translation too.He nee besides faithfu In ess and expressive ness, I also aim at eleganee」strive for eleganee not just to make my translations travel far but to express the original writer's ideas better, for I find that subtle thoughts are better expressedin the vocabulary and syntax of pre-Han prose than those of the vulgar writings of today. Using the latter often leads to distortion of meaning, which, however slight, results in vast misunderstanding. Weighing the pros and cons I opted for the former, as a matter of necessity not trying to be different. ...................................................
Yan Fu
(simplified Chin ese:严复;
traditi onal Chinese 嚴復;
pinyin: Ydn F Q
Wade-Giles: Yen Fu;
courtesy n ame Ji Dao, 幾道;
8 Jan uary 1854—27 October 1921)
was a Chinese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, in cludi ng Darwin's "n atural selection" to Chi na in the late 19th cen tury.
Life
Yan Fu studied at the Fujian Arsenal Academy (福州船政學堂)in Fuzhou, Fujian Provinee. In 1877 —9 he studied at the Navy Academy in Gree nwich, En gla nd. Upon his return to Chi na, he was un able to pass the
Imperial Civil Service Exam in ati on , while teach ing at the Fujia n Arse nal
Academy and then Beiyang Naval Officers' School (北洋水師學堂)at
It was not until after the Chinese defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 -95, fought for control of Korea) that Yan Fu became famous. He is celebrated for his translations, including Thomas Huxley's Evolution and Ethics, Adam Smith's Wealth of Natio ns, Joh n Stuart Mill's On Liberty and Herbert Spencers Study of Sociology. Yan critiqued the ideas of Darwin and others, offeri ng his own in terpretati ons.
The ideas of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" were in troduced to Chi nese readers through Huxley's work. The former idea was
famously rendered by Yan Fu into Chinese as a nZ天擇).
He became a respected scholar for his tra nslati ons, and became politically active. In 1895 he was invo Ived in the Gon gche Shang shu moveme ntl n 1912 he became the first principal of National Peking University (now Peking Uni versity).
Tran slati on theory
Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演論)that "there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and eleganee陀譯事三難:信達雅).He did not set them as general standards for translation and did not say that they were independent of each other. However, since the publication of that work, the phrase "faithfu In ess, expressive ness, and elega nee" has bee n attributed to Yan Fu as a standard for any good translation and has become a clich 岔Chinese academic circles, giving rise to numerous debates and theses. Some scholars argue that this dictum actually derived from British theoretician of translation, Alexander Fraser Tytler。