沪教版牛津英语中考语法-主谓一致专题复习(带解析)
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2024年初中英语语法专题复习之主谓一致详解英语主谓一致是初中英语学习的重点之一,也是中考考试的考点之一。
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一知识点,下面我将为大家归纳总结一下英语主谓一致的考点。
一、什么是主谓一致?主谓一致是指谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。
也就是说,主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式;主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词就用第三人称单数形式。
这是英语语法中的一个重要概念,也是英语学习的重点之一。
判断主语的人称和数可以通过观察句子中的名词或代词来确定。
一般情况下,人名、地名、组织机构名称等专有名词作为主语时,人称和数是固定的,需要根据上下文来判断。
而普通名词或代词则可以通过它们的人称和数来判断主语的人称和数。
主谓一致的应用范围非常广泛,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、将来时、过去进行时等。
在实际应用中,需要注意一些特殊情况,如复数主语、不定式主语、代词主语、动名词主语等。
二、如何判断主语的人称和数?判断主语的人称和数可以通过观察句子中的名词或代词来确定。
一般情况下,人名、地名、组织机构名称等专有名词作为主语时,人称和数是固定的,需要根据上下文来判断。
而普通名词或代词则可以通过它们的人称和数来判断主语的人称和数。
具体来说,以下是一些常见的名词或代词,以及它们对应的人称和数:人名:第三人称单数,如John、Mary等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
地名:第三人称单数,如New York、Beijing等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
组织机构名称:第三人称单数,如The White House、The Pentagon 等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
代词:第三人称单数,如He、She、It等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
普通名词:单数形式,如book、dog等;复数形式,如books、dogs 等。
需要注意的是,有些名词或代词在使用时会有变化,例如单数变为复数、第三人称变为第一人称等。
中考中考英语总复习主谓一致知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)含答案解析一、主谓一致1.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.A.costs B.spendsC.cost D.spend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
句意:微笑无需付出,却给予很多。
spend花费,Sb. spend somemoney/some time on/doing sth.主语是人,经常与on连用,跟动词用动名词形式;cost花费,Sth. cost sb. some money,主语是物,人和钱作其宾语。
本题中a smile是物,用cost。
主语A smile是单数名词,因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式;故本题选A项costs。
2.There a basketball game between Class 8 and Class 12 tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.has C.will be D.will have【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:明天下午在8班和12班之间将有一场篮球比赛。
A. is是,单数;B. has有,第三人称单数;C. will be将是;D. will have将有。
这里是there be句型,不能出现have/has,排除BD;根据时间状语tomorrow afternoon.可知用一般将来时,其结构是there will be+主语+介词短语。
根据题意,故选C。
3.—How many girls are there in your class?—________ them __________ over twenty.A.A number of, are B.The number of, areC.A number of, is D.The number of, is【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】试题分析:句意为:---你们班有多少女生?---女生的人数超过20人。
a bit (of ) 有一点儿a couple of 两个;几个a kind of 一种;一类a lot of/lots of 许多a pair of 一双;一副a piece of 一(块,张,片,件)above all 首先,尤其;最重要的是according to 按照;根据add...to 加上after all 终究;毕竟agree with sb. 同意某人的意见all over 到处all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了all the way 一路上and so on 等等apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉arrive at/ in a place 到达某地as...as 像……一样;如同as soon as 一……就as well 也;又ask for 请求;寻求at breakfast/lunch/supper 早/午/晚餐时at first/last 起先;开始的时候/最后;终于at home 在家(里)at least/most 至少/至多at once 立刻;马上at present 现在,目前at the end of 在……结束的时候at the same time 同时at /on weekends 在周末at work 在工作be based on 以……为依据;以……为基础be able to 能够(有能力)be afraid of 害怕be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for 有害于be born 出生be busy with/doing sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be connected to/with 与……有联系be covered with 被……覆盖be different from 与……不同be/get familiar to/with对……熟悉;通晓be famous for 以……而著名be fond of 爱好be full of 充满be good/poor at 擅长于/对……比较差be interested in 对……感兴趣be keen on 喜爱be late for ……迟到be located (in /on/at) 位于be made of 由……制成be made up of 由……组成be pleased with 对……满意be proud of 为……而感到自豪be ready for 为……作准备be responsible for 对……负责任be satisfied with 对……感到满意be similar to 与……类似be strict with 对……严格be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be thankful to sb. 对某人很感激be used to 习惯于because of 由于belong to 属于big deal 大人物;了不起的事both...and 两者都break into 闯入;破门而入break down 损坏;衰弱下来by bus/train/plane 乘公共汽车/火车/飞机by oneself 亲自by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下首字母填空+较难阅读就近一致故事:就近有一只猫和三只老鼠在玩耍,在我看来,或者猫或者老鼠是要死的,可实际上,猫既没有把老鼠吃掉,老鼠也没有把猫整死,在长期的进化中,不仅是猫而且老鼠也知道了友善,他们彼此和谐相处了。
高一主谓一致讲解及练习定谓语的数。
3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。
如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用,动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。
6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用,其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
复数形式的专有名词作主语1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
“名词+短语"作主语1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
中考中考英语总复习主谓一致完整归纳含答案解析一、主谓一致1.The number of the volunteers in our city 2 ,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.A.is; is B.is; are C.are; is D.are; are【答案】B【解析】句意:在我们城市志愿者的数量为2000.他们中的百分之六十是教师和学生。
根据句意,结合语法知识the number of,……的数目,做主语时谓语动词使用单数形式,而percent做主语时,谓语动词的单复数需要依据of后面的单词。
故答案为B.2. students in the classroom twenty. The others are in the library.A.The number of; isB.A number of; areC.The number of; are【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:教室里的学生人数是二十,其他的人在图书馆。
The number of ……的数量,谓语动词用单数;a number of大量的,谓语动词用复数。
The others其他的,表示复数,谓语动词用复数,结合题意故选A。
考点:考查主谓一致。
3.—What’s in the picture on the wall?—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.A.has B.are C.is D.have【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意“-在墙上的照片里有什么?-一个老师和一些学生在操场上踢足球”。
本题考查there be 的用法。
there be不与have连用,排除A和D;there be中的be动词遵循“就近一致”原则,即与最近的a teacher保持一致,用单数is,故选C。
牛津英语初中英语主谓一致英语的主谓一致是语法中一个重要的概念,指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
准确理解和运用主谓一致的规则能够帮助我们写出更准确、流畅且通顺的英语句子。
本文将通过介绍主谓一致的相关规则和一些例子,帮助读者更好地掌握这一语法要点。
一、主谓一致的基本规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致,复数主语与复数谓语动词一致。
例如:- The cat sleeps.(猫睡觉)(单数主语单数谓语动词)- The cats sleep.(猫们睡觉)(复数主语复数谓语动词)2. 以单数形式出现的不定代词,如everyone, anybody, somebody等,与单数谓语动词一致。
例如:- Everyone is here.(每个人都在这儿)(不定代词everyone与单数谓语动词is一致)3. 以复数形式出现的不定代词,如many, several等,与复数谓语动词一致。
例如:- Many people are waiting.(很多人正在等待)(不定代词many与复数谓语动词are一致)4. 量词+复数名词,谓语动词与复数名词一致。
例如:- Ten apples are on the table.(桌子上有十个苹果)(复数名词apples与复数谓语动词are一致)5. 主语由连接词“and”连接时,如果主语为两个或更多个不同的人或物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果主语为两个或更多个相同的人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友)(主语为两个不同的人,谓语动词用复数形式are)- Bread and butter is my breakfast.(面包和黄油是我的早餐)(主语为两个相同的东西,谓语动词用单数形式is)6. 当主语为复数名词后跟不定代词all, some, any, no等修饰时,谓语动词根据不定代词的数来确定。
一、选择题1.I am interested in European history________I will visit European doing my holiday.A.so B.but C.as D.although A解析:A【解析】句意:因为我对欧洲历史感兴趣,所以我要去旅游欧洲度假。
A. so因此,所以,表示结果;B. but但是,表示转折;C. as因为,表示原因;D. although虽然,表示条件。
因为对欧洲历史感兴趣,所以想要去欧洲旅游,表示结果,用连词so。
故选A。
2.The dress fits me well, ______I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive.A.so B.and C.or D.but D解析:D【解析】试题分析:第一句The dress fits me well,表示衣服大小合适,按理说要买,但是后文_I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive.的意思为不想买,故选but,表示转折意味。
考点:连词 but 的用法点评:注意判断前后句子之间的关系,就可以做出正确的判断3.Mr and Mrs Wang are _________, _______ they decide to have a second child after the Chinese government encourages the citizens to do it.A.in their forty; although B.in their forties; althoughC.in their forties; but D.in their forty; but C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:王先生和王太太四十几岁了,但是他们决定在中国政府鼓励市民生二胎后,生第二个孩子。
中考中考英语总复习主谓一致知识点题型含答案解析一、主谓一致1.This museum____________ here for over 80 years. It____________ one of the oldest buildings in this city.A.is; was B.had been; isC.was; has been D.has been; is【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。
它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。
前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态,用现在完成时态;后句表示的是现在的状态,用一般现在时态。
故选D。
考点:考查动词的时态。
2.Not only my classmates but also our English teacher Chinese poems, so we often share their favourite ones.A.like B.liked C.likes D.liking【答案】C【解析】句意:不仅我的同学们而且我的老师都喜欢古诗,因此我们经常分享他们最喜欢的诗。
本题考查动词的时态。
A. like动词原形; B. liked 过去式;C. likes 单数第三人称; D. liking现在分词形式。
Not only···but also···不仅···而且···用于连接两个对等的成分;若连接两个成分作主语,其后谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。
our English teacher为单数第三人称,故选C3.— your friend Tim have a new i-pad?-No, he doesn’t, but I have one.A.Are B.Do C.Is D.Does【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:-你的朋友提姆有一个新的i-Pad?-不,他没有,但我有一个。
江苏省句容市后白中学中考英语语法温习主谓一致牛津版【要点提示】所谓主谓一致,主若是指主语和谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上的一致,其大体原则有三个:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和临近原则。
下面就初中时期需要把握的重点内容作一归纳。
1. 主语是单数,即便后面跟with,except,as well as等引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如:Mr Green with two students is standing outside the classroom.2. each和由every, some, any, no等组成的不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词通经常使用单数形式。
例如:Each of the children has an apple.Everything begins to grow fast in spring.3. 动词不定式(短语)、v-ing形式(短语)等在句中作主语时,谓语动词经常使用单数形式。
例如:To do is much more difficult than to say.Climbing hills is his hobby.4. 表示时刻、金钱、长度等的短语作主语表示整体时,谓语动词经常使用单数形式。
例如:Three yea rs has alrea dy passed.5. “one of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:One of the students was hurt in the accident.6. family, class, police等集体名词作主语表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:His family is moving next month.His family enjoy watching the football match.★可是people一词在表示“人”时,老是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。
主谓一致讲解及练习(二)概念:主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系;主谓一致的一致关系由以下三个原则支配:二、语法一致1、意义:语法一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:即,主语是单数形式,谓语也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也采用复数形式;A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.2、关于语法一致的具体情况:1)不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看做单数,谓语动词用单数;Reading often means learning.To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.What he said has been recorded .2)如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including,主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than等短语再加一个名词时,谓语动词仍与主语保持一致;A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift.Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now.All but Tom have gone to the cinema.3)用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数;A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech.Bread and butter is usually my breakfast.The professor and scientist has already come.A teacher and a writer are in the office.4)用and连接的并列主语被each, every, no或many a修饰时,谓语动词用单数;Each boy and each girl has been given a gift.No teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book has been laid on the desk already.Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.5)each of + 复数代词,谓语动词用单数;复数代词+ each,谓语动词用复数;Each of us has something to say.Each of them has been given a piece of bread.We each have a dictionary.They each have done their work.6)none作主语,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;但修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词只能用单数;None of us are (is) perfect.None of these books are (is) mine.None of his money has been found again.None of this worries me.7)名词如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数;但当它们前面有a pair of或one pair of修饰时,谓语动词只能用单数;My trousers are black.His glasses are expensive.A pair of trousers lies on my bed.A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.8)形复意单名词如:news;以-ics结尾的学科名词如:physics, mathematics, economics;国名如:the United States;报纸名如:the New York Times;书名如:Arabian Nights;机构名如:the United Nations等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.The New York Times is a popular reading material for students.Physics is my favorite subjects.9)“a/an + 名词+ and a half”;“one and a half + 名词”;“the number of + 名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;An apple and a half is on the table.One and a half days has passed.The number of the students in our class is 63.10)百分数(或分数)+ of + 可数名词单数(或不可数名词)作主语,谓语动词用单数;百分数(或分数)+ of + 可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数;Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.11)“many a/an + 名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数,但是表达的是复数意义;Many a student is interested in English.Many a teacher has resigned.Many an apple has gone bad.Many a mistake has been made by him.12)“a (large) quantity of + 名词”作主语时,名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;名词是可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数;“a (large) amount of + 不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“large quantities of + 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water.A large amount of time has been spent on English.Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project.Large amounts of time have been saved by the new invention.13)“this kind of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“复数名词+ of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;This kind of apples was imported from America.Apples of this kind were imported from America.14)“a/an + 单数名词+ or two”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“one or two + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;A day or two is enough for this work.One or two days are enough for this work.A man or two is to be sent there to help them.One or two men are to be sent there to help them.15)“a set of + 复数名词”及“a series of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend.The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.16)在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词用复数;但是如果one前面有the only修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数;Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert.Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.例题:1、The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】D.本题考查时态与主谓一致。
主谓一致讲解及巩固练习主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系。
(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的主语由前面的主语决定。
Air as well as water is matter.No one except two servants was late for the dinner.2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say.6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
牛津高中英语语法复习:主谓一致牛津高中英语语法复习:主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His father is ring n the far / T stud English ell is nt eas / hat he said is ver iprtant fr us all / The hildren ere in the lassr t hurs ag / Reading in the sun is bad fr ur ees注意:由hat引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或hat从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:hat I bught ere three English bs / hat I sa and d is (are) helpful t u2、由连接词and或bth … and连接起的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如:Lu and Lil are tins / She and I are lassates / The b and the girl ere surprised hen the heard the nes / Bth she and he are ung Pineers注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:The riter and artist has e; / ②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有n, eah, ever re than a (an) , an a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
中考英语语法专项复习主谓一致主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。
考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空等。
做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。
同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数主谓一致概述:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
中考中考英语总复习主谓一致知识点总结含答案解析一、主谓一致1.The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of themabout science.A.is B.was C.are D.Were【答案】C【解析】考查动词的用法。
依据第一句中的谓语动词“is(一般现在时)”可推断出第二句的时态也应是一般现在时,故保留A和C项;由短语“a number of...”的谓语动词是复数,故选C。
2.Fifty percent of my monthly pocket money _________ spent on entertainment.A.am B.is C.are D.be【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:我每个月零花钱中的50%花费在了娱乐上。
am用于主语为第一人称I的时候;is用于主语是单数时;are用于主语是复数时;be是am, is和are的原形。
该句的主语为Fifty percent of my monthly pocket money,分数或者百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词形式一致,这里money是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数,故应选B。
3.Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A.are B.be C.is D.am【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:不仅我的朋友们而且我都对足球感兴趣,Messi是我们最喜爱的球星。
not only...but also...,不仅……而且……,连接两个并列的结构,在句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式根据就近原则。
所以这里的be动词应该跟I一致,故选D。
考点:考查主谓一致。
4.—The number of tourists ________ over 33 million this year.—Yes. A large number of tourists ________ so far because of the new look of our city.A.are; have come B.is; has come C.are; has come D.is; have come【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:—今年,游客的数量是三千三百多万。
高一主谓一致讲解及练习定谓语的数。
3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。
如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用,动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。
6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用,其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
复数形式的专有名词作主语1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
“名词+短语"作主语1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
第8讲主谓一致知识点一【知识梳理1】主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。
一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配:(grammatical concord)(principle of proximity)。
“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
I. 语法一致原则1) 当and或both...and...连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are from the U.S.A.Both Lucy and Lily are students.注意:①“A and B”指同一个人/物时(即只用一个冠词) 谓语动词用单数形式。
The scholar and musician visits our school every year.VS. The scholar and the musician visit our school every year.Bread and butter(=Buttered bread) is my son’s favour.VS. Both bread and butter are the necessaries of life. (两种食物)②如果名词由every, each, no来修饰,即便结构上用and连接表示并列,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every girl and every boy likes football.Each member and each waiter of the club is satisfied with the behavior of the boss.【例题精讲】1. She and I classmates when we were at college.A. amB. wasC. areD. were2. Both Tom and Mary the examA. has passedB. have been passedC. have passedD. had passed3. The singer and dancer our party this evening.A. is to attendB. are going to attendC. shall be attendedD. were to attend【答案】CCA2) 不定代词如either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
一、选择题1.Set down your pens when you hear the bell rings, ____ you’ll be against the rules. A.and B.but C.so D.or D解析:D【解析】试题分析:句意:当你听到铃声时,请放下笔,否则你就违反了规定。
本题考查连词用法。
And连接并列的句子,but表示转折关系,so表示因果关系,祈使句+or+陈述句前后句的关系是对立的。
故选D。
2.—Sorry, I have broken the chair.—It doesn’t matter, you should be careful next time.A.and B.or C.but D.so C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:--对不起,我把椅子弄坏了。
--没关系,但是下次你应该小心点。
and和,而且,表示并列;or或者,否则;but但是,表示转折;so因此,所以。
根据句意可知,空前说“没有关系”,而空后提醒注意,两句话是转折的关系,故选C。
3.—Finish your homework, _______ you can’t play computer games, Jim.—All right, Mum.A.but B.until C.and D.or D解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:-Jim,完成你的家庭作业,否则你不能玩电脑游戏。
-好的,妈妈。
but但是,表示转折;until直到…时候;and和,而且;or或者;否则。
根据句意Finish…, you can’t…可知,这里表示“否则…”,故选D。
4.He studies hard all the time, _________ he has made rapid progress in many ways.A.so B.because C.but D.yet A解析:A【解析】解析:句意:他一直努力学习,因此他在许多方面取得了迅速的进步。
a bit (of ) 有一点儿a couple of 两个;几个a kind of 一种;一类a lot of/lots of 许多a pair of 一双;一副a piece of 一(块,张,片,件)above all 首先,尤其;最重要的是according to 按照;根据add...to 加上after all 终究;毕竟agree with sb. 同意某人的意见all over 到处all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了all the way 一路上and so on 等等apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉arrive at/ in a place 到达某地as...as 像……一样;如同as soon as 一……就as well 也;又ask for 请求;寻求at breakfast/lunch/supper 早/午/晚餐时at first/last 起先;开始的时候/最后;终于at home 在家(里)at least/most 至少/至多at once 立刻;马上at present 现在,目前at the end of 在……结束的时候at the same time 同时at /on weekends 在周末at work 在工作be based on 以……为依据;以……为基础be able to 能够(有能力)be afraid of 害怕be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for 有害于be born 出生be busy with/doing sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be connected to/with 与……有联系be covered with 被……覆盖be different from 与……不同be/get familiar to/with对……熟悉;通晓be famous for 以……而著名be fond of 爱好be full of 充满be good/poor at 擅长于/对……比较差be interested in 对……感兴趣be keen on 喜爱be late for ……迟到be located (in /on/at) 位于be made of 由……制成be made up of 由……组成be pleased with 对……满意be proud of 为……而感到自豪be ready for 为……作准备be responsible for 对……负责任be satisfied with 对……感到满意be similar to 与……类似be strict with 对……严格be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be thankful to sb. 对某人很感激be used to 习惯于because of 由于belong to 属于big deal 大人物;了不起的事both...and 两者都break into 闯入;破门而入break down 损坏;衰弱下来by bus/train/plane 乘公共汽车/火车/飞机by oneself 亲自by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下首字母填空+较难阅读就近一致故事:就近有一只猫和三只老鼠在玩耍,在我看来,或者猫或者老鼠是要死的,可实际上,猫既没有把老鼠吃掉,老鼠也没有把猫整死,在长期的进化中,不仅是猫而且老鼠也知道了友善,他们彼此和谐相处了。
不是猫,而是老鼠认为世界该变一变了。
译文:There is a cat and three mice playing in the yard.解析:there be 句子是倒装结构,其中be的数的变化取决于最临近的一个主语。
例如:Is there a banana and seven apples on the table?译文:In my view, either cat or mice are to die in the stuggle.解析:either…or…或者…或者…,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如:Either he or I am to be responsible for the accident.译文:But , to my surprise, neither mice nor cat dies.解析:neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如:Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.译文:In the long run, they have become friendly to each other. Not cat but mice believe the world should change.解析:not…but….不是…而是…. ,连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如:Neither the students nor the teacher runs away in the earthquake.(符合就近原则的结构有there be, not…but…, not only…but also…,or…or…,neither…nor…)记忆:就近有个人在叫卖,不是老头而是老太;不仅卖瓜而且卖菜,或者现钱或者放债,既没有车也不用秤,只要你笑她就白送。
语法一致故事:三国时候有一套马车金壁辉煌,它的美吸引了每一个国王,每一个国王,还有他的大臣们不止一次地想拥有这套马车,很多种方法都被他们尝试过了,但艰苦努力都是徒劳,当时有99%的人口都反对把车让给国王,因为只有勇士张飞,才是唯一有资格拥有这辆马车的人。
只要这辆马车一跑,就会趟起大量的尘土。
译文:There was a cart and horse in the ThreeKingdom Period, which was very splendid.解析:由and连接两个名词做主语,不是指同一个人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词一般用复数。
当and连接两个表示同一个人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词常用单数形式,如果名词前要加冠词,往往在第一个名词前才用,第二个名词前不用冠词修饰。
常见的有bread and butter, war and peace, a knife and fork, a cart and horse等。
如:(1)Fire and water don’t agree.(2) The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.(3) Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.译文:Every king was attracted by its beauty.解析:两个并列名词分别由every,each, many a, no等修饰,做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
如:(4)Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.(5) Many a boy and many a girl made the same mistake in the exercise.(6) No man and no animal is on the moon.译文:The king, together with his ministers wanted more than once to own the horse and cart.解析:主语后面接有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, in addition to, like ,except, but, in cluding, besides等词构成的短语修饰时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
如:(7)Professor Brown with a group of students was doing experiments at that time.(8)Our head teacher, along with his students is going to play football this weekend.译文:Many a way was tried by them.解析:“more than one + 单数名词(不止一个……)”,“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义,但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致,习惯上用单数。
如:(9)More than one person was present at the meeting.(10)Many a student has passed the exam.译文:But hard working was in vain.解析:不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句做主语,谓语动词用单数。
(11)Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.(12)When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.译文:99% of the population were against the king’s ownership of the cart and horse.解析:百分数(或分数) + of + 可数名词单数(或不可数名词),谓语用单数;百分数(或分数) + of +名词复数,谓语用复数。
(13)Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.(14) More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.译文:Zhang Fei was the only one of the people who had the right to own the cart andhorse. 解析:在定语从句中关系代词做主语时,从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。
在先行词前有one of修饰时,从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of, the very one of 等修饰时,从句谓语动词与one保持一致,用第三人称单数形式。
如:(15)The man who wants to see you is waiting for you at the gate.(16)He was one of the men in the office who were invited to the ball.(17)He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.译文:Huge quantities of dirt were raised by the cart as long as the horse ran.large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可数名词,谓语动词也要用复数形式。