精讲18 定语从句

《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。

它在句子中充当定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，使其含义更加明确和丰富。

简单来说，定语从句就是一个句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到描述和限定的作用。

通过定语从句，我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。

比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。

二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。

常见的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。

常见的关系副词有：when、where、why。

关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用，还在从句中充当一定的成分。

例如，在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。

三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但在一些情况下，只能用 that 不能用 which。

当先行词是不定代词（如 all、anything、nothing 等）、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时，通常用 that 而不用 which。

例如：All that glitters is not gold（发光的未必都是金子。

）This is the first book that I have read（这是我读过的第一本书。

）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned（掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。

中考英语语法精讲：定语从句定语从句精讲一、基本概念：定语从句：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词有that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose)等,关系代词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语；关系副词有where, when, why等，关系副词在从句中做状语。

关系词的作用：1.代替先行词；2.连接先行词和从句；3.作定语从句的句子成分。

二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

三、关系代词和关系副词的用法注意前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。

例如:This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,只能用that。

He was the first person that passed the exam.b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that。

完整版)定语从句超详细讲解定语从句研究目标：1.熟练掌握定语从句。

考点解析：定语从句的功能是解释说明。

例如，“This is the factory that/which can produce such machines”和“This is the factorythat/which we visited last week”都是定语从句，它们在主句中充当定语成分。

定语从句的定义是一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

例如，“I bought a cow that looked like a horse”。

定语从句的考查形式有语法、完形、阅读和写作。

定语从句的原理是把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。

例句：I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise。

(2016高考北京卷)Balto put his nose to the ground。

trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail。

(2016高考北京卷)A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures。

(2016高考全国卷D篇)Last year。

I spent all my time looking for a job where I could work alone without dealing with the public。

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构，用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。

在英语中，定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。

下面，我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。

一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。

引导词通常是先行词，即被修饰的名词或代词；关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来；从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

1. 引导词：先行词通常是名词或代词，它可以是主语、宾语或表语。

例如：The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）2. 关系词：关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来。

关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。

例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）3. 从句：从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。

从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。

例如：那本书很有趣。

）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。

）二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。

限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，且不能用逗号与主句隔开。

例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句知识点总结精讲练习1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。

定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。

The man is my cousin.He came to see me this morning.替换：The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.先行词关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略↖定语从句2）关系词:①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;A.指人的关系代词：who,做主语或宾语；whom，只做宾语；that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）He is a student.We should learn from him.替换：He is a student(who,whom,that)we should learn from.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

B.指物的关系代词：whh,做主语或宾语；that,做主要或宾语；He sent me a present last night.The present is a me watch.替换：The present(whh,that)he sent me last night is a ne watch.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

C.表所有格的关系代替：指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格Is there anyone?Her name is Linda.替换：Is there anyone whose name is Linda?②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。

A.where指地点，充当地点状语This is the place.We spent our childhood in that place.替换：This is the place(whh/that)we spend our childhood in.This is the place in whh we spent our childhood.This is the place where we spent our childhood.B.when指时间，充当时间状语He‟ll always remember the day.His grandma passed away on that day.替换：He‟ll always remember the day（whh/that）his grandma passed away on.He‟ll always remember the day on whh his grandma passed away.He‟ll always remember the day when his grandma passed away.C.why指原因，充当原因状语This is the reason.They were late for the meeting because of the reason.替换:This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.③准关系代词assuch……as引导定语从句……,so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句the sam e……as(相似物)/that（同一物）……This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一物）as……as…….Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.（as在定语从句中做主语）I‟ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（as在定语从句中做表语）I like the same book as you do.（as在定语从句中做宾语）I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as在定语从句中做状语）He is as diligent a man as ever lived.（as在定语从句中做主语）先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用whh或as,但whh不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as在定语从句中做主语）He came late again,whh made his teacher very angry.3)限定性与非限定性定语从句A）限制性定语从句:是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；The man who spoke at the parents‟meeting just now is John‟s father.B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。

33.(2018•河南中考) Anyone who is a server or ____ has been one knows that customers always come first.A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which33. C【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：任何一个服务人员或曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客永远是第一位的。

该句为定语从句，先行词为anyone指人，可用关系词who或whom来引导，由于关系词在从句中作主语，故选C。

33.(2018·湖北黄冈)—Class, you should be thankful to those people _____ helped and supported you.—We will, Miss Chen.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. whose33.C考查定语从句引导词的判断使用。

句意：—同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助、支持你们的人。

—我们会的，陈老师。

分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为people，且从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。

故选C。

(2018•湖北十堰)37. She has a teenager granddaughter about my age ________ is really kind.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. /37.A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词句意：她有一个十几岁的孙女，跟我同龄，真的很善良。

分析句子可知，先行词granddaughter指人，关系词在定语从句中做主语。

故选A。

34. （2018·湖北随州）—What are you looking for—I' m looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week.A. who B what C. that D when34.C考查定语从句。

定语从句【2013四川宜宾】26.—What kind of music do you like?—I like music ______ I can dance to.A. becauseB. whenC. whoD. that【答案】D【2013浙江杭州】25. Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. whom【答案】C【2013 浙江衢州】27. —Excuse me, Could you tell ?—Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.A. where is the museumB. which is the way to the museumC. how far is the museumD. how can I get to the museum27.【答案】B【2013四川内江】25. People are talking about the old houses ____ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. when25. 【答案】A【2013福建福州】42. — Do you know Mo Yan?— Of course. He is the famous writer _________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012.A. whoB. whomC. Which【答案】A【2013广东湛江】25. —Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.—Oh? She’s my aunt.A. whatB. whoC. whereD. when【答案】B【2013山东滨州】30. Most students like the teachers understand them well.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. when【答案】B【2013山东枣庄】25. Most of my classmates prefer loud music _______they can dance to.A. thatB. whoC. whoseD. where【答案】A【2013安徽】49. I still remember the college and the teachers_____________I visited in London years ago.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which49.【答案】C【2013山东德州】30. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】C【2013山东泰安】34. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_______ has ever traveled in space.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose【答案】C定语从句【2013四川遂宁】28. Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to.A. thatB. whatC. when【答案】A【2013湖北黄石】 ( A ) 34. This is the school _______ we visited last year.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. whose【答案】A【2013山西】23. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house ________ has new furniture in it.A. whoB. whereC. that【答案】C【2013山东潍坊】22. The man_________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. what【答案】C【2013内蒙古呼和浩特】9. The house________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. there【答案】C【2013辽宁鞍山】 27.I can't find the book __________my mother bought me.A. whoB. whenC. which【答案】C【2013湖南株洲】27. The Gay Genius is the book I like to read every day.A. thatB. whoC. what27. 【答案】A【2013湖南长沙】30. —What are you looking for?—I’m looking for the watch ____ I bought yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whose【答案】A【2013福建泉州】35. —Why is Tom so sad?—He has lost his new bike _______cost him 1800 yuan.A. whoB. whichC. whose【答案】 B【2013甘肃兰州】38. Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money.A. that; whoseB. how; whoC. what; whoD. what; whose【答案】D【2013广东】45. The young lady ______ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose45.【答案】 A【2013天津】39. The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. Who【答案】A【2013哈尔滨】30. —Do you know of Guo Mingyi?—Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker ______ helps many poor childrenin China. We should follow his example.A. thatB. whichC. whom【答案】A【2013 湖南衡阳】29. I love the school I have studied in for three years A. where B. when C. that【答案】C【2013湖北十堰】31. The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited.A. thatB. whichC. where `D. what31【答案】A【2013湖北孝感】35. Teenagers like reading the books _____ are written by Guo Jingjing.A. whoB. whatC. whoseD. that【答案】 D【2013湖北咸宁】31. A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school.A. which; whenB. that; whoC. which; whoseD. that; which31. 【答案】A【2013湖北随州】24. —Do you know the man ______ is standing at the door?—Yes, I do. He's a friend of_____.A. when; IB. who; mineC. that; meD. which; my24.【答案】B【2013湖北荆州】29. She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .A．who B．that C．which D. whose 【答案】D【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】16. I’ll remember the old buildings I visited in the village.A. whereB. whichC. who【2013河南】32. A friend is someone______ says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”A. whoB. WhichC. WhatD. whose32. 【答案】A【2013广西玉林】33.一Linda, cm you tell me something about Mo Yan?—Sure. He is the writer ______won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. whom33. 【答案】C【2013 甘肃白银】43. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ______ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.A. whichB. whoC. whose D /【答案】A【2013广东梅州】44. I like the cartoon ______ has a happy ending and makes me ______.A. which; to laughB. that; to laughC. whose; laughingD. which; laugh【答案】D【2013广东茂名】33. The first thing ______I am going to do this evening is to write to my father.A. thatB. whichC. who33.【答案】A【2013吉林】 48. —Do you know the little boy _________ is helping the old man cross the road?— No. But how nice he is!A. whichB. whoC. whom【答案】B【2013新疆】40. She hates people ______ don’t help others when they have trouble.A. whoseB. /C. whomD. who【答案】D【2013海南三亚】32. I’ll never forget the lesson ______ last year.A. that I learnB. that I learnedC. what I learnD. what I learned32.D。

中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲为您整理“中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲解”，欢迎阅读参考，更多有关内容请继续关注本网站中考栏目。

中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲解定语从句讲解Matchthetwosentences：1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutGates.I’m readingabookisaboutBill Gates.2.He isa teacher. The teacher teachesChinese.He isa teacher teaches us Chinese.3.I don’t likethe man.Heis smoking.I don’tlikethemanis smoking.4.Where isthe picture? Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthepictureyouboughtlastweek?定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词后面。

例：关系代词关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。

关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,关系副词(when,where,why)。

关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。

关系代词which,that引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物体的名词或代词，关系代词应用which,that(作主语或宾语)关系代词作为主语时不能省略，作为宾语是可以省略。

例：作为主语不能省略：Thisisadream.dream will never come true.The doghas been found.The dog was lost.The bookmine.Thebookislyingonthefloor.作为宾语能省略：Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedcard.This isthe mistake.I always make the mistake.I still keepthe letters.Shewroteletterstome.Ilostthepen.myfatherboughtmethepen.关系代词who, that,whom,whose引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)whose(作定语)例：作主语不能省略：Thisisthefilmstar.Thefilmstarisveryin China.The boyis called Roy.The boy broke the window.Do you know theThe man spokeatthe meeting yesterday.The girlismy cousin.The girlis wateringflowers.例：做宾语能省略：Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.(作宾语)boyismyfriend.I'm lookingfortheboy.The thiefhasbeensenttoprison.policecaughtthethieflastnight.whose作定语,表示所属关系。

定语从句一﹑概念定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，如果去掉该从句，主句意思就不能表达完整。

通常情况下，朗读时中间没有停顿，从句和主句之间不用逗号分开。

非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很松散，去掉从句，主句意思仍然清楚，从句只是作附加说明。

朗读时中间一般有停顿，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。

如：Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy.昨天我遇到了一位老朋友，他好像很忙。

They want to set up a country of their own, where they can be their own masters.他们想建立自己的国家，在那儿他们可以当家作主。

这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句使被修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义，显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。

二、关系代词（1）最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that和which。

关系代词同时起了两个作用。

它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。

如：1. What’s the name of the girl who just came in? 刚才进来的那位姑娘叫什么名字？2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now? 刚才发言的那位先生你认识吗？3. The train which has just left is for Xi’an.刚开的那列火车是开往西安的。