专题20 书面表达概要写作(原卷版)

专题20 作文拟题训练（解析版）班级姓名完成情况【写作概要】何为“题目”？“题”额也，“目”眼睛。

“人美在眼睛，文美在题目。

”亮丽的题目，准确、简明、醒目、新颖，能引人注目，发人深省，并给人以深深的启迪。

亮丽的题目，就像文章的眼睛。

与这样一双眼睛对视，一瞥之间，顿生好感。

在考场作文中，若能从“人人心中有”的意识中，挖掘出“人人笔下无”的标题，往往能收到意想不到的效果，直接影响到阅卷老师对文章的评分。

【写作指导】一、拟题的方式记叙文拟题1、要素式：用时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果分别拟题或综合拟题。

2、顺序式：以时间的推移式空间的转换拟题。

3、线索式：以全文的线索作为文章的标题。

4、点题式：文章的标题直接点明或暗示文章主题。

二、拟题的原则1、追求简明莎士比亚说：“简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻饰。

”简明就是用语少而精，也就是我们说的“言简意赅”。

简明应包含两方面的内容：简和明。

简即简要、简洁，这是量的要求：明是明白、清晰，这是效果的要求。

2、追求醒目清代李渔在《闲情偶寄》中曾说：“开卷之初，当以奇句勾目，使之一见而惊，不敢弃去，此一法也。

”只有摄人魂魄让人过目不忘的题目，才能勾起读者强烈的阅读欲。

3、追求新颖人们常把写成的文章比做婴儿，我们给婴儿起名时讲究叫起来与众不同、新颖、响亮、有意义，作文这个婴儿也是如此。

新颖的题目，富有情趣，能先声夺人，像磁石一样吸引读者，同时还直接或间接影响作者的思路和内容结构。

三、拟题的方法1、引用诗文名句、歌词广告。

直接引用古诗文做标题，典雅大方，亦庄亦谐，妙趣横生。

如记某人坎坷成功经历可用“梅花香自苦寒来”；突出人物先进事迹，可用“一枝红杏出墙来”。

劝人向善的，可用“勿发善小而不为”。

引用歌词、广告，可以使文章富有时代感，表情达意生动传神如：“我的未来不是梦”、“常回家看看”、“说句心里话”、“一切尽在不言中”、“风中有朵雨做的云”等等。

2、化用诗句警句、歌词广告。

考点13 书面表达概要写作Writing 1（2020·浙江湖州中学高三月考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要From the health point of view, we are living in a wonderful age, immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases and freed from the once deadly illnesses thanks to modern drugs and surgery. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater, every day we witness the unbelievable killings of men, women and children on the roads. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing against the car. Thousands of people the world over are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a wheel. All their hidden frustrations and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles gently on the driver and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable（不宜居住的）because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is ruined by road networks; and the mass annual deaths becomes nothing but a number, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time rules were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all vehicles should be put through strict tests for safety; present drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter; maximum and minimum speed limits should be required on all roads. These measures may sound strict. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual loss of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not cars.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Writing2（2020·山东高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

书面表达（全国甲乙卷）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

★一条黄金法则与情境说明和写作要点内容相关的，能写一点就写一点，哪怕是不成句子的零星的一个或几个英语单词，也一定要写！万万不可留空！这是考生必须记住的黄金法则！因为只要你能写出一个或几个相关的单词，评卷老师就一定会给你分！但是如果乱写一些与作文无关的话，或摘抄与写作内容毫无关系的试卷中阅读理解的段落或句子，抄得再多，也是零分！如果你能用简单句表达完要点中规定的内容，一般也可得满分的60%，你就远远超过全省的平均分了！★五个写作步骤书面表达，可以采用“一审二列，三译四查五誉写”的步骤。

一审审人称。

给朋友写邮件应是“你(you)”，Terry要去拜访的朋友及家人应是“他们(they)”。

审时态。

介绍习俗应用一般现在时。

审要点。

就是要认真阅读并充分理解情景说明和内容要点：我是李华，我的朋友Terry将去一个中国朋友家做客（而不是来我家做客），Terry发邮件向我询问有关习俗，我要给Terry回复邮件，告知习俗，包括到达朋友家的时间、带什么样的礼物和在餐桌上注意哪些礼仪。

二列就是列出要写的内容要点，并根据句子结构的完整性写出完整的句子，根据篇章结构的完整性或文体特点，适当增加开头、结尾及必要的衔接句。

热点02 书面表达概要写作【概要写作命题规律和趋势】根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明〈高考综合改革试验省份试用〉》（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。

【概要写作解题策略和技巧】第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。

这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。

语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。

第二，定位主题句，找到关键。

概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。

1．议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。

通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。

文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。

例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.本段陈述的主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。

专题30 书面表达（新高考概要写作类）1. 【2019·浙江】概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________【答案】Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect.（要点1）However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. （要点2）Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the processnot for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. （要点3）Anyway, the amount of praise you have depends on how hard they work. （要点4）【解析】作为概要写作，要注意每段归纳主题句和关键词，然后通过词汇替换，句式转变等多种方式，改写要点，要注意一定要用自己的语言，不可以完全照搬照抄。

2020届高考英语书面表达“概要写作”高三模拟练习（一）写作指导与解读一、概写原题阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Children are starting to carry cell phones at younger ages. In a recent study, 22% of kids in primary school reported having their own cell phone compared with 60% of teens and 84% of teens. Like many parents, you may wonderwhether your child is ready for a cell phone. As you might imagine, there are different attitudes towards it.Many parents consider safety as the main reason for giving their child a cell phone. They want to be able to reach their child whenever they need to. They also want to give their child the security of being able to reach them whenever he needs to. This is especially true if your child is home alone after school or walks home alone, says Barbara Greenberg, PhD, a clinical psychologist in Fairfield County, CT.However, if your child has a cell phone, he has access to websites that may be inappropriate. He may see content that is violent and could be related to death or sex. "Lots of kids have fantasies in their mind about things they don't understand," Greenberg says. There's also the issue of inadequate sleep, Greenberg says. "Kids with cell phones are likely to stay awake late into the night playing games and texting with friends." Cell phones also bring the risk of cyber-bullying(网络欺凌). "Before, once you got indoors you were safe," Greenberg says. "But with cell phones and social media, nobody is ever safe from bullying."Your child is ready for a cell phone when he can sit down with you to create guidelines for its use, Greenberg says. "If they're unwilling to make this list, they aren't ready." For most kids, this happens around age 12 or 13, she says. Parents should make the decision, not well-meaning grandparents or friends who gift your child with a phone. "Ask yourself whether your child has good judgmentand a history of good decision-making, "Greenberg says. If he is immature or tends to make bad decisions, he isn't ready.二、概写步骤第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。

英语书面表达题20套(带答案)及解析一、英语书面表达1．“扬帆起航新学期，学姐学长提建议”。

你马上就要毕业了，在初中的学习和生活中你一定有很多收获，请给学弟学妹们提几点建议吧！要求：1. 内容完整，语言流畅，书写规范清晰。

2. 短文中不能出现正式姓名，校名。

100 词左右。

【答案】I'm going to graduate from junior high school. As your senior, I have some suggestions to the young.As old saying goes, "all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." To begin with, you should arrange both your study and life properly.Moreover, you should get along well with others. To have more friends, not enemies.Last but not least, you could be active in school team work. Ability is as important as your study, you can also enjoy your colorful school life as wellI hope these suggestions could make your junior school-life more wonderful.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如be going to，graduate from，to begin with，both…and，get along well with others，be active in，as important as，as well等。

高中英语高考作文之概要写作五篇一My wife has watched me write, blog and make speeches for a few years now. I’ve encouraged her to do her own video blog (vlog), too, because she is always watching them, but she hasn’t been interested in the spotlight.Now that enough time has passed, she is ready to go for it! Angelika is a great cook, so she is going to do a cooking show where she doesn’t have to be on camera. I am just thrilled that she has found a passion to pursue in a way that works for her.I’m smart enough to st ep back and let her go at her own pace (节奏). I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important. Now that my wife will have a studio worthy of her talents and personality, she will only make the kitchen look better.Part of me hopes that I will spend the rest of my life watching and tasting her creations. When you start to express your creative drive, it can be a wonderful ride, a bit of a roller coaster at times, but worth the price of admission. When the love of your life takes the ride with you, and starts to drive, it’s a pretty cool way to travel through life.I am at my best when being creative, whether in front of a keyboard or a live audience. I have always encouraged creative answers to life. There is always more than one right way to do something.Yes, public attention in our social media world has become a marker of success, but it means way more when you are sending a positive message. Helping people enjoy their lives a little more is a big deal.This project will not just make her happy but make us closer. I am aware that this is her project, not mine. I will answer any questions she asks but be careful about offering unwanted advice. What she doesn’t know she will learn. You never want to take that process away fr om anyone.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：I encouraged my wife to do a vlog. She decided to do a cooking show, which made me happy for her because she found a passion to pursue. This will deepen our bond. Expressing one’s creative drive is so cool that I not only do it myself but also encourage other people to do so.二The older I get, the more I learn that our quality of life isn’t dependent on what we’ve been given.Rather, our quality of life is dependent on what we choose to create.Every day, we are creating our life.We are choosing how to spend our time, what words to say out loud and how to care for ourselves.And with all these choices, we are creating our life.Creating a good life requires you to choose how you spend your time well.You should be doing things that give you pleasure or satisfaction. But first, you have to figure out what it is that you enjoy doing.For instance, I enjoy r eading, writing and ballroom dancing. On days when I’m able to do at least one of those activities, I feel quite good.However, if my free time gets taken up by serving other people’s interests, I feel frustrated.That is why you have to guard your free time. We all have parts of our day that are spent doing things that we have to do, such as our job or schoolwork.So, our limited free time is precious indeed. But our free time is where we have the opportunity to create our life.As a result, the questions you should be asking yourself every day are these:What kind of day am I creating today? Will I spend my time arguing with others and feeling frustrated? Or, will I do something with my time that I truly enjoy, such as reading a book or going dancing with my friends?We have so many beautiful choices when it comes to spending our free time.The bottom line is this: We choose what kind of life we will live. How we choose to spend our free time is in our hands.Whether we spend our time with kind or unkind people is in our hands. And the choices that we make determine the kind of life that we live.This week, consider whether you’re making the right choices so that you can create a better life for yourself.Make sure you plan your free time carefully.A g ood life doesn’t just happen –it’s something that we must create.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：The quality of our life isn’t dependent on what we’ve been given but what we choose to create. By making the right choices and spending our time well, we can create a better life for ourselves.三My neighbor Stu is a car guy. He toys with (摆弄) details and drives his new Range Rover (路虎揽胜) with such pride; it’s like a member of the family. On most days, rain or shine, you can find him working on his car. It’s his thing, and I appreciate it, but it kind of makes me look bad because our SUV has seen much better days.That being said, I’m not a car guy anymore. Still, when Stu looks over his baby, I’ve often been tempted to say, “Next time you’re doing your car, let me know, and I’ll bring mine over.”Well, recently, there was Stu out front next to his Rover. He said, “Let’s do it now,” so I pulled my classic into his driveway, and we started going at it like it was the first car either of us ever owned.Stu got out the blower (鼓风机), and I followed him with a rag (抹布) and cleaning and conditioning (保养) stuff that I’ve had in the garage. It took us a couple of hours, but the result was a great gift for my wife. Plus, I was now friends with my neighbor.We’ve always had a neighborly relationship. As we talked about cars, music and boats, we bonded. I get him: He likes things that go fast, and I appreciate the rush because I once chased it myself.Finding things in common makes for good relationships, and from that, you can build a friendship. That couple of hours was a great connecting experience.I’ve dropped off a thank-you note because I want him to know that he has made a difference in my life. My day was better because he extended himself to me.I look forward to seeing how our friendship evolves. We have been there for each other in a couple of neighborhood emergencies, but now there is a deeper connection.You always want to know your neighbors. It’s nice when you can count on others to do the neighborly thing and be there for you when necessary. Knowing that just makes your life a little bit nicer, kind of like my car.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：My neighbor Stu and I have built a friendship by doing things together. Recently, we worked on our cars together and also had a pleasant talk. It was a great connecting experience, through which we got to know each other better. We have helped each other in several neighborhood emergencies. It’s nice to know that there is someone you can count on when necessary.四A dear friend sent me a letter and handmade card in the mail today. On the outside of the card was a cutout (剪下来的图形) picture of a hummingbird (蜂鸟) in mid-flight. With its wings, it flew deep into a flower. Below it was a quote (引述) by Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky: “The world will be saved by beauty.” I smiled with both my face and heart when I saw it.Looking at it reminded me of all the beauty in this world. I thought about the beautiful, green forested mountains of my home. I thought of the fields of summer wildflowers blessing (祝福) the world with their colors. I thought of the blue oceans that stretched from horizon (地平线) to horizon. I thought of the sunsets in the desert with their deep, rich reds and glorious (灿烂的) golds. I thought of the endless variety of animals: green hummingbirds, white polar bears, red birds, gray wolves and blinking lightning bugs. I thought of the silver moon smiling down from the sky surrounded by a sea of stars.Yet, I knew that it wasn’t the beauty of any of these things that would save the world. It was instead the beauty of human souls filled with light and love. It was these souls so full of love for each other and for this world that would save our planet. It was this love working through people that would make this world the place it was truly meant to be in the end.My friend who sent me the card is one of these people. She, her husband and her family are going through so many struggles right now. Still, she continues to share her love and make this world a better place every single day. She continues to work to save our home by giving it the beauty of her soul. She continues to shine her light with her life. May we all do the same.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案The quote in the handmade card from my friend reminded me of the beauty of the world. It not only reminded me of the natural beauty of the world but also the beautiful human souls filled with love. I think kindness and love among people will save the world and make it a better place.五Paws walk across my keyboard, and my cat Monty nests himself on my lap, unaware of the world beyond our garden fence (栅栏). In these uncertain times of the pandemic, the company of animals is needed more than ever. To the delight of our cats, dogs and all pets in between, staying at home is an opportunity to give them our undivided (一心一意的) attention. In return, they provide us with a much-needed source of joy.Pet ownership (饲养宠物) is well known to help settle anxiety, reduce loneliness and lift moods. Even as we spend an unprecedented (空前的) amount of time in isolation, pets are still acting as gateways (渠道) to building a sense of community as people share pictures of their beloved companions (伙伴) online in an effort to raise spirits.It is in such times that we realize just how much our pets matter as part of the family. As a long-term cat lady, I have never questioned that a pet is a cherished (珍爱的) member of the household. Our pets can be as valuable as our human family members in teaching us about ourselves and how to approach the world. In short, our animals’ love and lo yalty are unique.As such, the death of a pet can feel as sad as that of a close friend or family member. The grief that accompanies it remains something frequently seen as shameful, and many admit to requesting time off work without being honest about why. However, with the loss of a pet comes an emptiness where their unconditional devotion once was, and moments in the day once dedicated to their care become suddenly unoccupied. It is a very real feeling that only provides further proof to their status as family.Vet (兽医) and author James Herriot wrote, “If having a soul means being able to feel love, loyalty and gratitude, animals are better off than a lot of humans.” Pets are an additional member of the family, and now more than ever, they can serve as models for the kind of basic humanity we ought to be extending to a destabilized (不稳定的) world.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：Pets and their owners mutually need each other. Pets long for their owners’ attention while their owners enjoy their company. Raising a pet has many benefits, particularly during tough times. Pets lift people’s spirits and make them feel good. Their love and loyalty to their owners make them as important as family members. They show us the humanity that ought to be extended to the world.。

2020年高考英语书面表达题型专题实战演练20篇（含范文及汉语翻译）2020年高考英语书面表达题型专题实战演练20篇(含范文及汉语翻译)书面表达（11）假定你是李华，你校将举办一场中国传统文化体验活动。

请写封邮件邀请留学生Sophia 参加，内容包括：1. 时间；2. 活动内容；3. 可以带朋友来体验。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

书面表达（12）假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Eric 发来邮件，说他暑期打算参加中国某国际学校举办的主题为“亲近大自然”的国际中学生夏令营活动，邀请你一同参加。

请给他回封邮件，内容包括：1. 表示愿意参加；2. 陈述对夏令营的期待。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

书面表达（13）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jason 对中国历史非常感兴趣，且有意来中国寻访古迹。

请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 为他推荐几个历史名城；2. 询问他的意见。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

书面表达（14）假定你是李华，来自新西兰某中学的考察团（delegation）将来你校参观。

请你给负责接待工作的外教Eric 写封电子邮件，申请做讲解员，内容包括：1. 写信目的；2. 个人优势；3. 希望获准。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

书面表达（15）假定你是李华，刚结束在英国的交换生项目，现已安全回到祖国，请你给寄宿家庭主人Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 向对方报平安；2. 表达感谢；3. 邀请来中国游玩。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

书面表达（16）假定你是李华，正在英国做交换生。

你想趁暑假找一份兼职工作，请你给好友Sophia 写一封电子邮件，请她帮忙推荐一份工作。

内容包括：1. 兼职目的；2. 个人优势；3. 表达谢意。

2020届高考英语全国卷书面表达专项整合--感谢信Word版感谢信一、词汇积累I. thank sb. for sth. /doing sth.因某事而感激某人2. be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人3. show/express/extend/convey my sincere thanks/gratitude to sb. for sth.向某人表达我诚挚的谢意4. in trouble陷入困境5. make great/good progress取得很大的进步6. in/during/over the past/last four years 过去四年7. be admitted to/into 被录取8. say thanks to you for helping me 谢谢你帮助我9. How time flies! 时间过得真快！10. As time goes on/goes by/with time going on/going by 随着时间的推移11. thanks to/owing to/because of your help 多亏了你的帮助12. enjoy myself 玩得高兴13. pay a visit to 去参观，拜访14. have a better understanding of. . .对······有更好的理解15. a place of interest 名胜二、句式积累篇首：表达真挚谢意1. Thank you so much for your generous help.非常感谢您慷慨的帮助。

2. I am sincerely grateful to you for your timely help.我真诚地感谢你及时的帮助。

3. It was so kind of you to treat me as your own sister.谢谢你把我当作自己的妹妹。

2020届高考英语概要写作专题2019-06汪敏概要写作专题一. 基本考情（一）高考官方大纲要求学习内容学习水平学习要求记叙文基本结构D分析语篇的基本结构和主要信息，把握记叙文的主旨大意和段落大意；就日常生活中的话题和需要，灵活运用记叙文完成口头或书面的表达主旨大意、段落大意关键词句、隐含意思C 在口头或书面交流中推断语段或语篇的隐含意义说明文说明方法 C掌握举例、分类、比较等各种说明方法；在口头或书面表达中运用恰当的说明方法进行介绍或描述议论文论点与论据C掌握语篇的论点及相关论据；推断论点或论据中关键词句的隐含意思；在口头或书面表达中提出论点，运用恰当的论据支撑论点（二）高考真题及评分标准Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘by rote’ as: ‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself-with flashcards or by repetition-is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learnin g, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.参考答案（仅供阅卷老师参考）Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。

新高考英语科目考试题型有重大变化，其中英语写作分为两部分：第一节为应用文写作；第二节为读后续写或概要写作。

概要写作是综合考查考生的阅读能力和写作能力的题型。

概要写作的体裁以说明文和议论文为主，主要考查考生把握文章整体结构和概括文章主旨大意的能力，同时考查考生准确获取关键信息以及用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力。

考生掌握“概括、重组、成篇——黄金三步法”原则，助你轻松赢高分。

第一部分“5步”写作技法——做到信息提取“准”、要点概况“全”一、是什么——“概要写作”题型解读(一)“3个”命题特点体裁说明文、议论文、记叙文结构分总、总分、总分总、并列要点4个左右、准确、客观、衔接自然、内容连续60词左右的内容概要。

所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合，故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及提炼概括能力等。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和写作，是二者的有机结合体，也是阅读理解和写作的沟通桥梁。

(二)“五档”评分标准档次描述第五档(21－25分)——理解准确，涵盖全部要点。

——能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。

热点02 书面表达概要写作二、怎么办——“5步”写作技法指导第一步：读文章——知晓体裁、明确主旨进行概要写作时，首先要阅读所提供的文章。

阅读文章的目的就是要确定文章的体裁和主题。

根据近几年浙江高考真题来看，所考查的概要写作原文多是议论文或说明文。

如：2019年6月浙江高考的概要写作原文是议论文，主题是父母应表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果。

2018年11月浙江高考的概要写作原文是说明文，主题是报考大学之前要进行实地考察。

概要写作的三种体裁的结构如下：1、说明文：（1）引言（2）正文（3）结尾2、议论文：（1）引论（2）本论（3）结论3、记叙文：（1）引言（2）正文（3）结尾第二步：析结构——划分段落、确定要点阅读完概要写作所提供的文章后，应迅速分析一下文章的结构。

热点02 书面表达概要写作【命题趋势】提供一篇350以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

考查要求：对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；上下文的连贯性；对各要点表达的独立性情况。

【满分技巧】如何确保要点齐全？【诀窍】划分段落【不以自然段为单位】段落数=要点数说明文的段落划分1.描述某事物的性质功用等:性质/定义—功用/功能—应用/利好2.针对某问题提出解决办法或措施:问题—成因—解决方法/措施3.介绍某现象及其原因结果:现象—原因—结果议论文的段落划分三要素：论点、论据和结论：论点—论据1……论据n—结论记叙文的段落划分人物、情节(who did what) 、时间、地点：夹叙夹议者：+观点/哲理性推论：情节1—情节2……情节n—启示【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2019年浙江省高考真题）话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式难度：★★建议用时：5分第二节读后续写(满分25分)67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and ConfidentKids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fac opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try n or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their pare nts’ praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.ard forKids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in tryin their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does somethingthat deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselParenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on Whathard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author ofReally Matters. “Onething to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and pla should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can alsomean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. Butwhatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effortyour child has put into it.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作思路】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。

热点02 书面表达概要写作【命题趋势】提供一篇350以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

考查要求：对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；上下文的连贯性；对各要点表达的独立性情况。

【满分技巧】如何确保要点齐全？【诀窍】划分段落【不以自然段为单位】段落数=要点数说明文的段落划分1.描述某事物的性质功用等:性质/定义—功用/功能—应用/利好2.针对某问题提出解决办法或措施:问题—成因—解决方法/措施3.介绍某现象及其原因结果:现象—原因—结果议论文的段落划分三要素：论点、论据和结论：论点—论据1……论据n—结论记叙文的段落划分人物、情节(who did what) 、时间、地点：夹叙夹议者：+观点/哲理性推论：情节1—情节2……情节n—启示【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2019年浙江省高考真题）第二节读后续写(满分25分)67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their pare nts’ praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying h ard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________B(2020届江苏南京师大苏州实验学校高三上第一次模拟考)请认真阅读下面的短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

高考英语专题复习：概要写作5篇及参考答案全套一I’d gone snowboarding in France with my little brother, and what we lacked in skill we made up for in enthusiasm. That day, fresh snow had been falling, and we were in high spirits. We stopped near the top of an off-path section that went through forests. I let my brother disappear into the trees ahead, figuring I would soon catch up.I began to pick up speed when I was suddenly thrown off balance. Just as I was regaining control, I ran into the trunk (树干) of a large tree.It was like hitting a solid wall. The pain was instant. I knew immediately that my back was broken and quickly realized the situation could get very serious. Nobody would be coming past. There was no phone signal. It was snowing and cold. If I waited, I would probably be rescued eventually. But the chance of freezing to death before that happened was too high for me to risk staying put.I tried to stand but fell down and almost blacked out with pain. I managed to get the board off from my feet and moved it under my stomach so I was lying on it. I faced down the mountain and used the board to slowly drag and slide my body down the steep (陡峭的), tree-lined slope (斜坡).It took about two hours before a skier found me and I got help. The mountain rescue team came, with my brother arriving shortly afterwards.I couldn’t feel my hands or my toes from the cold, but the relief at knowing I was safe was immense (极大的).A helicopter took me to hospital. I had broken one of my backbones, so I had an operation where the doctors inserted plates. The constant pain was agonizing, but it wasn’t as bad as seeing the pain and worry I put my family through.The recovery road was tough, but I was lucky. Gradually, I was able to walk, then swim, then cycle and then run. I haven’t been back to the slopes yet, but it might happen someday –I will, however, be sticking to the paths.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案I went snowboarding with my brother but didn’t expect that I would have a bad accident. I lost balance and hit the trunk of a tree while catching up to my brother and injured my back. Aware that things would get worse if I waited, I placed myself on the board and slid to the bottom of the slope. I was eventually rescued. Now that I have recovered, I might go back to challenge myself again.二During such stressful times, anything we can do to reduce our worries is a positive thing. As such, routines, even boring ones, can be a useful way to bring us peace of mind.It’s harder to get back into good habits if you take too much time off. If you stop exercising or go off your diet, you can lose what you’ve accomplished, as many of us have. Maybe it’s time to re-establish your good habits and develop some new ones.Even though my heart wants to fly to Europe and walk the near-empty streets of Cannes (戛纳) right now, I can’t. None of us can, so we have to find other ways to be content. I can get into being a homebody (喜欢待在家里的人), especially with the internet, but I would prefer to do more.We used to go out a lot, but that has stopped. No restaurants, parties or gatherings of any kind. I am seeing clients (客户) only on the internet. Adhering to health recommendations means finding new things to fill our lives, but some old routines will also do nicely if we maintain them.If you’re used to working with many people and are now on your own, the sense of isolation can be especially hard. This is also true if you are alone with no family close by. It’s important to develop a system that feeds your mind and emotions and makes good use of your time.Your life won’t fall apart, not if you don’t let it. Maintaining your routines, keeping up a good diet and getting some daily exercise will make this period much easier.As long as you’re putting out positive energy, you are helping others as well as yourself. We are all going to have to get creative as this pandemic keeps us socially distant.It’s also important to maintain human connection. Remember to reach out to others if you are alone –this is what social media was invented for. It is allowing us to stay connected. Right now, those connections are worth their weight in gold.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：Routines, new habits and human connection are important for people, especially during the pandemic. Stuck at home, we have to seek other ways to stay happy. Besides maintaining our routines, keeping up a good diet and exercising daily, we can develop new habits to please ourselves. It also helps to stay connected with people via social media. We should help not only ourselves but others as well.三Last week, my younger brother visited me for five days. To ensure (保证) I could spend as much time with him as possible, I worked extra hard during the weekend before he arrived.It amazed me how much I could accomplish when I had a strong motivation to be efficient.During the week, I put in a couple of hours in the mornings to handle pressing issues (问题) and then spent the afternoons and evenings going out with him. Once again, I was surprised to realize just how much free time was available to me if I consciously (有意识地) chose to be more effective while working.This made me think of Parkinson’s Law: Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.I realized then that I’d given myself more time than necessary for work, and as a result, I ended up spending a lot of time procrastinating (拖延) and entertaining myself online.How might things change for me, I wondered, if I chose to commit to more social and recreational (休闲娱乐) activities, made them priorities (优先事项) and was motivated to finish work quicker?I realize not everyone has flexibility (灵活性) in their work schedules, but I believe we could all create more time for ourselves if we were motivated to cut out the choices that don’t match our strongest desiresand intentions.Maybe it’s zoning out in front of the TV or searching the web. If there’s one thing that’s consumed my time the most, it’s researching how I actually want to spend it.I believe what English musician John Lennon said is true: Time that you enjoyed wasting was not wasted. I don’t think there’s anything wrong with using technology if we’ve consciously chosen to do it. However, we owe it to ourselves to get out in the world and explore different possibilities –to be playful, curious, engaged and just to be. Perhaps it would be easier to do that if we asked ourselves: How can I be more effective? Can I minimize what I am currently doing? How can I start using the time I’ve created in a way that will excite and inspire me?Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案I completed my work more efficiently to make time to accompany my brother when he visited me. I was amazed at how much more efficient I could be. I was also reminded of Parkinson’s Law and how to manage time better. First, we should learn to prioritize things in our life, making sure to cut out those that don’t match our desires. Second, it’simportant to remember that time is not wasted if it is spent doing something you enjoy.四My boss recently asked me, “Do you know why I hired you? Because you didn’t sell yourself. You didn’t tell me, ‘Look how experienced I am.’You emailed me and said, ‘I researched your website and saw how many amazing vets (兽医) you have, and I want to learn from them,’and that’s why I hired you. You showed vulnerability.”So, what is vulnerability? For me, vulnerability means putting your fear of embarrassment aside and allowing personal growth. I believe vulnerability is a pathway to success. Vulnerability has traditionally been viewed as a weakness in the workplace. The very thought of exposing your weaknesses is terrifying. However, we can change the views surrounding it. I’m talking about the vulnerability that strengthens courage and success as a vet.After graduation, I started working in a clinic where I thought I would have support. However, I didn’t have the help I required. I quickly became exhausted. Within 18 months, I didn’t want to be a vet anymore.During this period, I realized without the support I wanted, I was potentially making mistakes I wasn’t even aware of. Was I treatingpatients effectively? I wouldn’t know, because I had no one to ask or help.I decided to be vulnerable. I accepted that I was unhappy, living with poor mental health and lacking important knowledge. I wanted to find somewhere I’d be able to continue building my knowledge, not as an average vet, but as a good one. After two and a half years working as a vet, I have finally found a place where I get the support I need. My point is: don’t stay where you are unhappy. Be vulnerable and have the courage to accept when you’re unhappy. Find somewhere that will support you and push you to do better.Vulnerability shouldn’t be considered a weakness because it allows personal growth. Vulnerability should be viewed as a strength. To be vulnerable allows you to show people that you cannot always be perfect. Being vulnerable is not a liability (不利因素) in the workplace. It is the ability to show people that you are human.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：Vulnerability is generally considered a weakness, but I believe it facilitates personal growth and leads to success. I quit my previous job for the lack of support I needed. To find a way out, I decided to accept my unhappiness and admitted my vulnerability. Eventually, I got my ideal job because of my positive attitude toward vulnerability. I learned from my experience that vulnerability is actually a strength.五I woke up with drool (口水) on my pillow this morning. I wouldn’t have minded except it wasn’t mine. The alarm clock rang, and I reached over to turn it off. As I laid my face back down on the pillow, I felt the wet, slimy (黏滑的) drool on my pillow case. I opened my eyes and saw a smiling, panting (喘气的), furry face gazing down at me. I tried to get up, but she was too fast. My face was suddenly covered in kisses with one going straight up my nose and another right in my ear. I laughed, reached out and picked up the eight-pound love machine and held her away from my dripping (湿透的) face. It was just another morning in a life with dogsWhy do we welcome them into our homes and our hearts? We knowthat we are most likely going to outlive them and have our hearts broken when they age quickly and pass away after ten to fifteen years. We know that there will be vet (兽医) bills, flea baths and enough fur to make a vacuum cleaner cry. We know that our ears will ring from the barking, that we will be picking up poop (大便) every single day and that we will never get to finish a full sandwich again.Yet, when we are feeling down or blue, there will always be a soft head on our lap needing to be pet. When we get home after a long day’s work, there will be a happy face at the door waiting for us. Our lives will be full of balls to throw, bellies (腹部) to scratch, and love and loyalty that will warm our hearts and uplift our souls.For thousands of years, dogs have been our best friends. They remain one of the greatest gifts life has ever given us. Even if they can’t love us for the rest of our lives, they will always love us for all of theirs. Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：Every morning I am woken up by my dog. Her drool on my pillow and kisses all over my face make me laugh. Even though there are many disadvantages of having a dog, I still want to keep her by my side. My life is more beautiful because of her. Dogs are the best friends of human beings.。

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the chang e.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience a nd how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

考点13书面表达概要写作Writing1（2020·上海市大同中学高三期中）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own wors as far as possible.Pedestrians onlyThe concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time.During the Middle Ages,traffic-free shopping areas were built to allow people to shop in comfort and,more importantly,safety.The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the1960s,when both city populations and car ownership increased rapidly.Dirty exhaust fumes from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience.Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets,and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.At first,there was resistance from shopkeepers.They believed that such a move would be bad for business.They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars.When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic,there were even noisy demonstrations,as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.However,research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich,Cologne and Hamburg,visitors to shopping areas increased by50percent.On Copenhagen’s main shopping street,shopkeepers reported sales increases of25-40percent.Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, USA,were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street,many shops,especially those selling things like clothes,food and smaller luxury items,prospered.Unfortunately,it wasn’t good news for everyone,as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances actually saw their sales drop.Many of these were forced to move elsewhere,away from the city centre.Today they are a common feature on the outskirts of towns and cities,often situated in out-of-town retail zones with their own car parks and other local facilities.Writing2（2020·上海金山区·高三一模）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Will people reduce car use in20years？Nowadays,the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position.Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars,we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless,the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects.These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.Above all,the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment,if such a tendency is not brought under control in time,the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future.People have to face the consequence.It is a reality from which no one is able to escape.Every day,thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air.The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect,which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather.In addition,more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society,people ought to reduce the use of cars.In fact,diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.If such a tendency continues,the effect will be shown in the near future.For example,to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society,Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days.A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.Last,the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses,subways,trains and airplanes.In the meanwhile,advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.Writing3（2020·上海浦东新区·高三一模）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away.A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste-electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions,phones,and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them.Fortunately,now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk.A Restart Project in London,is one that many found around the world.One of its volunteers,Francesco Calo,said that"this project allows you to reduce waste,extend thelife of objects,and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals,another idea is e-waste mining.An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances.It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense---collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing"according to Ruediger Kuehr,of the United Nations University.And in countries where there is no laws,much of it just gets dumped.However,the European Union,for example,is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to10years.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4（2020·上海杨浦区·高三期末）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.What Is Zero Waste?The goal of the“zero waste”movement is to get rid of all waste from products.“Zero waste”means using every part of a product.Today,the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge.It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind.Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items.Other ways are more advanced.Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes.Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces.While it’s challenging,zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.In the fashion industry,zero waste isn’t a new idea.But in today’s world of fast fashion,zero waste is growing more ually,cutting cloth creates lots of waste.In zero waste fashion,designers try to avoid this.One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design.Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.Beyond restaurants and fashion,there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.All restaurants need utensils（器皿）.Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils.Afterusing them,you can eat them!Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors.While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat,they are perfect for rice dishes.Meanwhile,Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice.They have already introduced a line of flavored cups.After you finish your coffee,you eat the cup,just like a cookie!Whether products are made to be edible or reusable,hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.Writing5（2020·华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三月考）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the children.A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties and would be likely to have seven or eight children,of whom four or five lived till they were five years old.By the time the youngest was fifteen,the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years,during which custom,opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer ually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children,her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.This important change in woman’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position.Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity,and most of them took a full-time job.However,when they married,they usually left work at once and never returned to it.Today the school leaving age is sixteen,many girls stay at school after that age,and though women tend to marry younger,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born.Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life,and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money,and running the home,according to the abilities and interests of each of them.Writing6（2020·上海嘉定区·高三一模）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in nomore e your own words as far as possible.Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old PeopleOld people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved,reducing the risk of falls,according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.Researchers studied a group of fall-prone(易摔跤的)adults,with an average age of78,living in residential care.29people undertook a12-week Tai Chi programme and the other30formed thenon-exercise control group.The exercise programme consisted of10minutes of warming-up exercises,20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and5minutes of cooling down exercises.During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used.It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect.Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the12-week exercise programme.They measured their muscle strength,balance and confidence in avoiding falls.Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group.They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement,with stronger knee and ankle muscles,improved flexibility and better balance.Tai Chi,an ancient Chinese martial art(武术),consists of a series of slow,gentle,continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration.“Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion.It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance,muscle strength and confidence,”says Professor Song.“We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”Writing7（2020·上海市建平中学高三期中）Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possibleIs renting clothes greener than buying them?Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers.But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it,and if so,how much more?Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems.Take shipping,for example,which has to go two ways if an item is rented—receiving and returning.Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.She writes,“An item ordered online and then returned can send out20kilograms of carbon each way,and increases up to50kilograms for rush shipping.By comparison,the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is33.4kilograms, according to a2015study by Levi’s.”Then there’s the burden of washing,which has to happen for every item when it’s returned,regardless of whether or not it was worn.For most rental services,this usually means dry cleaning,a high impact and polluting process.All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene(氯乙烯),a carcinogenic(致癌的)air pollutant that is still used by70percent of US dry cleaners,with hydrocarbon alternatives,although these aren’t great either.Lastly,Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion,simply because it’s so easily accessible.There’s something called“share washing”that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviors precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly.Uber is one example of this,advertised as“a way to share rides and limit car ownership.”and yet“it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling,and public transportation use.”Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears,but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied.There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet.Writing8（2020·山东青岛市·高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。