锅炉汽包水位的控制研究

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中国矿业大学信电学院

课程设计

姓名:___ 叉 叉_ __

班级: 自动化06-9班

学号: 05062395

指导老师: 常俊林

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锅炉汽包水位的控制研究

摘要

锅炉是化工、炼油、发电、造纸和制糖等工业生产过程中必不可少的重要动力设备。锅炉往往成了不少工厂不可缺少的一部分,因而,对锅炉设备中的自动控制系统进行分析研究是必要的。

锅炉是全厂重要的动力设备,其要求是供给合格蒸汽,使锅炉蒸汽量适应负荷的需要。为此,生产过程的各个主要工艺参数必须严格控制。锅炉水位控制系统是过路生产控制系统中最重要的环节。锅炉是一种特种设备,是工业生产中的常用设备。对锅炉生产操作如果不合理,管理不善,处理不当,往往会引起事故。这些事故中的大部分是由于锅炉水位控制不当引起的,可见锅炉汽包水位控制在锅炉设备控制系统中的重要性。而对水位的控制不当,往往是汽包受到蒸汽负荷干扰后,产生虚假水位,使控制器反向动作。

本文在分析了锅炉汽包水位特性的基础上,梳理了控制系统的几种方案,对其中的三种方案进行了Matlab仿真,并提出了硬件设计方案,以及阐述了先进控制策略的发展。

关键词:锅炉;汽包水位控制;仿真;控制策略

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The Research Of Boiler’s Drum Water Level Control

ABSTRACT

The boiler is absolutely necessary significant power plant of industry production

process such as the chemical industry, oil refining, generation of electrical energy,

papermaking and refines sugar and so on. As a result, it is indispensable

systematically to analyze research to the automatic control in the boiler installation.

The boiler is the power plant that the whole factory is significant, that such is

providing competent steam, causing the boiler amount delivering steam adapt to the

burden necessaries. For this reason, production process every main technology

parameter has to rigorously enforce the control. Segment that the boiler water level

control system is the most significant in the boiler.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the boiler drum water level on the basis

of the control system of combing several options, of which three programs of the

Matlab simulation and made the hardware design, and will elaborate on the

development of advanced control strategies.

Key Words: boiler; drum water level control; simulink; control strategy

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目录

锅炉汽包水位的控制研究 ....................................................................................................... 2

摘要 ........................................................................................................................................... 2

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 3

1绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 6

1.1意义 ................................................................................................................................. 6

1.2 虚假水位的形成及对策 ................................................................................................ 6

1.3本文的主要工作 ............................................................................................................. 7

2锅炉汽包水位的动态特性 .................................................................................................... 8

2.1给水流量作用下的动态特性 ......................................................................................... 8

2.2蒸汽流量作用下的动态特性 ......................................................................................... 8

3汽包锅炉水位控制系统的设计 .......................................................................................... 10

3.1概述 ............................................................................................................................... 10

3.2单冲量控制系统 ........................................................................................................... 10

3.3双冲量控制系统 ........................................................................................................... 11

3.4三冲量控制系统 ........................................................................................................... 11

3.4.1单级三冲量控制系统 ............................................................................................ 11

3.4.2三冲量串级控制系统 ............................................................................................ 12

4锅炉汽包水位的Matlab仿真 ............................................................................................ 15

4.1仿真软件功能概述 ....................................................................................................... 15

4.2汽包锅炉水位控制系统的仿真 ................................................................................... 15

4.2.1单冲量控制系统的仿真 ........................................................................................ 15

4.2.2三冲量控制系统的仿真 ........................................................................................ 16

4.2.3仿真结果分析 ........................................................................................................ 18

5硬件设计 .............................................................................................................................. 19

5.1 8051单片机的原理及特点 .......................................................................................... 19