下载文档原格式
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
英语句子成分一句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语;二主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首;主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示;例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. It is necessary to master a foreign language.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.三谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态;谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成;如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成;如：You may keep the book for twoweeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2由系动词加表语构成;如：We are students.四表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等之后;表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示;例如：划出表语并说出有什么词充当Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yoursThe weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one His job is to teach English.His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad.五宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面;例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music. I thinkthathe is fit for his office.宾语种类：1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语,例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.2复合宾语宾语+宾补,例如：They elected him their monitor.六宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整;带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词如make等+宾语+宾补;宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当;例如：His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.七定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语;定语可由以下等成分表示：名词,形容词,代词,分词,动名词,不定式短语,介词短语等例如：找出定语并看由何种成分充当：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.八状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语;可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.副词及副词性词组He has lived in the city for ten years.介词短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语He is in the room making a model plane.分词短语Wait a minute.名词Once you begin, you must continue.状语从句状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six 时间状语Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.原因状语I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.条件状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地点状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.结果状语She works very hard though she is old.让步状语I am taller than he is.比较状语英语句子结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式;这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子;换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的;这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构He runs quicklyS十V十F主系表结构He seems interested in the book常见的系动词有：look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等S十V十O主谓宾结构They found their home easily．S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/his seat to me．带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get；rob,warn等S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构They named the boy Charlie．说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didn't come.13.She watched her daughter playing the piano.14.Speaking doesn't mean doing.15.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.16.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.17.It takes me an hour to get there.语法填空强化练习1In the past a gentleman would offer his seat __1__ a lady on a crowded bus. But now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, __2__leav e the lady standing __3__ someone else gets off. You can’t entirely blame men for this change in manners. __4__go are the days when women could be referred to the weak. A whole generation has grown up demanding __5__equal with men in jobs, in education and in social life. Hold a door for some women __6__ you are likely to get __7__ angry lecture on treating women __8__ weaklings. Take a girl out for a meal and she’ll probably insist on paying __9__ share of the bill. All these, according to some socio logists, will change men’s attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being __10__replace by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.语法填空强化练习2In the small towns of the United States in the __1__nineteen century, the general store was __2__ everyone bought the things he couldn’t make __3__ grow at home. What the stores sold __4__tell a great deal about __5__ life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and __6__ foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make __7__; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were __8__thank for what they had and that they looked __9__ with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex Would they enjoy __10__live a life as we do now语法填空强化练习3Do you feel __1__ difficult to be happy all the time Now I’ll give you some tips __2__ how to make yourself happy. One way is being __3__ self because unselfishness is the key factor __4__ require if you want to get along well with others. By __5__ say being unselfish we mean we __6__ not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in __7__ people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Thi rd, you can not expect to be too perfect, __8__ don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are no __9__ bad than others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, __10__ surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.。
英语句子结构与成分的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A. Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B. Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C. Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D. He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？ A is 是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell 是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O 表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式， S+V+P 表示主系表，故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。
2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。
B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。
C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。
D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。
因此选A。
【点评】考查句法知识。
3．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。
【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+A【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+状语。
they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。
【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。
2．The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.A. wearB. wearsC. put onD. with【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。
这个句子是简单句，根据is可知句子结构是系表结构，wear穿着，戴着，动词，put on穿上，戴上，动词短语，所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确，故选D。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
注意句子成分结构。
3．The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.A. has; hasB. with; inC. has; wearsD. with; wears【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。
一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误，B选项两个介词，放在句中缺少谓语动词，with具有，with black hair留着黑头发，介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着，谓语动词，根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构，故选D。
【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。
注意句子的成分和句子的结构。
4．Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.A. for beingB. to beingC. to beD. be【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。
英语句子成分划分详解（一）主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。
它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。
如：我看书。
谁看书？“我”。
“我”就是这句子的主语。
主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。
（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。
它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。
如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。
“看书”就是谓语。
一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。
再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。
如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。
谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。
句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。
如：还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
英语句子成分与结构英语句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习题含答案及解析一、句子结构与成分1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。
它是S+V+IO+DO结构。
My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。
【点评】考查句结构和成分。
注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。
2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D。
【点评】考查句子成分。
牢记句子成分。
3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。
he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。
故结构为S+V+IO+DO。
故选B。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
4．This cake is really big. _______ share it.A. May be we canB. We may be canC. Maybe we canD. Maybe can we 【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。
（英语）英语句子结构与成分解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A. A friend self is a second.B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。
故选C。
【点评】考查连词成句。
先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。
2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。
sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。
sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D。
【点评】考查句子成分。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1 、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
