张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(11-1

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.⼀、词汇短语1. horde n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，⼈群：hordes of people ⼤群⼈2. Cabinet n. the politicians with important positions in agovernment who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of thegovernment内阁3. croquet n. a game played on grass in which players hit ballswith wooden mallets槌球游戏4. luncheon n. a lunch, especially a formal one午宴，正式的午餐5. Nazi n. a member of the National Socialist German Workers’Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolph Hitler纳粹分⼦6. regime n. a government in power; administration当权政府，统治：They are suffered under the new regime.他们遭受新政府的统治。

7. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty完全没有的，缺乏的（of）：be devoid of common sense缺乏常识8. excel vt. to do or be better than; surpass优于，超过：excel sb. in knowledge学识过⼈9. ferocious adj. extremely savage; fierce极为野蛮的，残忍的；凶猛的：ferocious animals凶猛的野兽10. threshold n. the place or point of beginning; the outset起点，开端：at the threshold of在……的开始11. till vt. to prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing andharrowing; cultivate耕作，耕耘：till the field耕耘⼀⽚⽥地12. adj. extending back beyond memory orrecord; ancient古⽼的，远古的，⽆法追忆的13. wring vt. to obtain or extract by applying force or pressure迫取，强求，榨取：The police had wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.警察从那个顽固的⽬击者⼝中逼出事情的真相。

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ)一、词汇短语1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的2. persecution n. the state of treating someonecruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of theirreligious or political beliefs 迫害3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible tosettle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get anadvantage 僵局，僵持4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used inthe past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma onparchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭6. obligation n. the state of being forced to dosomething because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责，债务7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easilyinfluenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的，执着的8. decency n. honest, polite behavior that follows acceptedmoral standards and shows respect for others庄重，正派，体面9. inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you receivefrom somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something whensomebody dies遗传，遗产10. sear v. 1) to burn the surface of something in a way that is sudden andpowerful烧焦，使枯萎; 2) to cause somebody to feel sudden and great pain 烙印11. coalition n. a union of two or more political partiesthat allows them to form a government or fight an election together（政党之间的）联盟，联合12. bubble v. to form bubbles使沸腾，使冒泡13. primary n. (American English) in the U.S. a local meeting ofvoters of a given political party to nominate candidates for public office,select delegates to a convention, etc.（政党中的）初选14. scour v. to search very carefully and thoroughly through an area,a document etc.彻底搜寻，擦亮，洗涤15. exit poll n. a way of guessing the results ofan election by asking people who have just finished voting who theyvoted for选举投票后民意测验16. polarization n. the act ofseparating or making people separate into two groups withcompletely opposite opinions两极分化17. divisive adj. causing people to be split into groups thatdisagree with or oppose each other分裂的，造成不和的18. spectrum n. a complete range of opinions, people,situations etc. going from one extreme to its opposite范围，幅度；光谱19. wide-eyed adj. having little experience and therefore verywilling to believe, trust or accept somebody/something睁大眼睛的，天真的，吃惊的20. reconciliation n. an end to a disagreementand the start of a good relationship again和解，调和21. pastor n. a person, as a priest or minister, in spiritual andjurisdictional charge of a parish, church, congregation or community牧师22. incendiary adj. an incendiary speech, piece of writingetc. is intended to make people angry（演讲、文章等）煽动性的23. denigrate v. to blacken; disparage the character orreputation of; defame 贬低，诋毁，诽谤，污蔑24. unequivocal adj. not ambiguous; plain, clear明确的，不含糊的25. nagging adj. complaining for a long time and difficult to stop唠叨的，挑剔的26. rabbi n. (Judaism) a scholar and teacher of the Jewish law; now,specifically an ordained Jew, usually the spiritual head of a congregation,qualified to decide questions of law and ritual and to perform marriages,etc.拉比（犹太人的学者），法学博士，法师，先生27. endemic n. an endemic disease or problem is always presentin a particular place, or among a particular group of people风土的，地方性的28. stalwart adj. loyal; brave, valiant; firm, unyielding坚定的，健壮的29. professed adj. used to describe a belief or a position thatsomebody has publicly made known公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的30. sermon n. a speech given as instruction in religion or morals,esp. by a priest, minister, or rabbi during services, using a text fromScripture训诫，说教，布道31. You Tube n. a video-sharing website on which users canupload, share, and view videos, created in 2005 and bought by GoogleInc., and is now operated as a subsidiary of Google一种视频网站32. marine adj. connected with the sea and the creatures andplants that live there海的，海产的；航海的，海运的33. seminary n. a college where priests, ministers or rabbis are trained神学院34. reverend adj. the title of a member of the clergy that is alsosometimes used to talk to or about one（对教士的尊称）可尊敬的，教士的35. chronicle n. a written record of events in the order in which they happened 编年史36. predominantly adv. mostly; mainly主要地，显著地，占主导地位地37. gang-banger n. (American English) a member of a violentgang暴力团伙中的一员38. raucous adj. sounding unpleasantly loud 沙哑的，粗嘎的39. bawdy adj. bawdy songs, jokes, stories etc. are about sex and arefunny, enjoyable, and often noisy（歌曲、笑话、故事等）下流的，淫秽的40. jarring adj. making someone feel annoyed or shocked不和谐的，刺耳的；让人震惊或恼火的41. baptize v. to give somebody baptism给人施洗礼（作为入基督教的标志），命名（作为洗礼仪式的一部分）42. derogatory adj. showing a critical attitude towards somebody贬损的，不敬的43. courtesy n. polite behavior that shows respect for other people谦恭，礼貌44. disown v. to say that you no longer want to be connected withsomeone or something, especially a member of your family orsomething that you are responsible for否认，与断绝关系45. cringe v. to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable aboutsomething畏缩，阿谀，奉承，感到难堪46. crank n. someone who has unusual ideas and behaves strangely举止奇怪的人47. demagogue n. a political leader who tries to make peoplefeel strong emotions in order to influence their, opinions—used toshow disapproval蛊惑民心的政客，煽动者48. amplify v. 1) to increase something in strength, especiallysound放大，增强2) to add details to a story, statement, etc.详述二、课文精解1. Barack Obama: 奥巴马2008年3月18日的演讲《更加完善的联邦》是他总统竞选活动中最重要的演讲之一。

Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan (Excerpts)一、词汇短语1. reportorial adj. reporting报告的，报道的2. preoccupation n. an idea thatpreoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是如何养家糊口。

3. kimono n. a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a longloose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服4. bob vi. to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木浮标在水中上下漂动5. ritual adj. of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的n.old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

6. façade n. the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华丽的正面7. grocery n. a store selling foodstuffs and various householdsupplies杂货店：He was employed at the local grocery store as a deliveryboy.他受雇于当地杂货店当送货员。

Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse all people not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization《高级英语》第一册课文翻译及词汇章美芳第七课神奇的集成电路片时代 (1)第八课互相作用的生活 (1)第九课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子 (6)第十课震撼世界的审判 (13)第十一课词典的用途究竟何在? (21)第十二课潜水鸟 (29)第十三课大不列颠望洋兴叹 (40)第十四课阿真舍湾 (46)第十五课海上无路标 (62)learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. "Learning" and "do" what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. "Learning" is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; " "Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. "Two" education, "" lay the basis, going to "do" the key grip, so that the "learning" and "doing" back to standard, so that the majority of party members "learn" learning theory of nutrients, in the "doing" practice party's purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. "Learning" and "do" not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole. "Two" learning education, we need to explore integrating "learning" in "do", exhibit "do" in "Science". To avoid the "learning" into simple room instruction, "do" into a monotone for doing. Should exploration "learn" in the has "do", "do" in the has "learn" of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in "learn" in the has "do" of achievements sense, in "do" in the has "learn" of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, "two" had to catch the long-term. "Two" study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the party's mass line education practice and "three-three" special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. "Two" greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of party members to maintain their vanguard Color, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. Awareness-raising, antennas and atmosphere – a discussion on how leading cadres of party members "two" current, "two" activity is in full swing up and down the country, party cadres as a "key minority" is both a barometer and impetus. The "two" meaning enough deep, is to determine the party cadres can resolve to study hard first. In the "two" in the process, some cadres of himself, standing long, high awareness, that Constitution Party rules is simple, its not worth bothering some party cadres think speak series has nothing to do with the grass-roots work, water business learning series of speeches seen as window dressing. These "lazy, casual, and decadent" ideas learning lacks motivation, a serious impediment to "two" effect. John Stuart Mill once said, only a basic element of human thought patterns change dramatically, human destiny can make great improvement. The same, only party members and第七课神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变1这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。

《高级英语》第一册课文翻译及词汇章美芳第七课神奇的集成电路片时代 (1)第八课互相作用的生活 (1)第九课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子 (11)第十课震撼世界的审判 (18)第十一课词典的用途究竟何在? (26)第十二课潜水鸟 (33)第十三课大不列颠望洋兴叹 (45)第十四课阿真舍湾 (51)第十五课海上无路标 (66)第七课神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变1这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。

在显微镜下看起来，它就像一幅繁花似锦的那伐鹤地毯，或是一幅铁路调车场的鸟瞰图。

像海滩上的沙粒一样，它的主要成分是硅——地球表面除氧之外蕴含量最为丰富的元素。

2然而，这种惰性小薄片——大多数美国人尚不熟悉——却具有惊人的本领，正在使我们的社会发生着巨变。

这种被称为神奇的集成电路片的东西有着与二十五年前制造出的足有一间房子大的老式计算机相同的计算能力。

那种老式计算机内有许许多多的真空电子管和乱麻似的导线，又大又笨，形似怪物。

集成电路片是由老式计算机衍化而来的，所不同的是它造价低廉，易于批量生产，计算速度快，功能繁多，使用方便。

3神奇的集成电路片代表了人类科技的新发展。

近几年来，这项技术的发展势头之迅猛和意义之深远足可与人类历史上生产工具的出现和蒸汽机的发明相提并论。

正如工业革命替人类承担了大量繁重的体力劳动，并极大地发展了生产力一样，微型计算机正迅速地替人类承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，并以人们现在才开始掌握的各种方式扩大了人脑的功能。

有了集成电路片，计算机存储信息和执行指令的惊人本领就在以汽车发动机到大学和医院，从农场到银行和公司办公室，从外层空间到托儿所等各个领域发挥作用。

日常生活：按钮的神通4早晨七点半钟，闹钟铃声一响，卧室的窗帘轻轻地自动往两边分开，百叶遮阳帘啪地一声向上卷起，恒温器将室温上调到令人惬意的华氏七十度。

厨房里的咖啡壶开始咕咕作响；后门自动打开放狗子出去。

Lesson 10 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅱ)一、词汇短语1. pervasive adj. existing in all parts of a place or thing;spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing普遍深入的2. mortgage n. a legal arrangement by which you borrow moneyfrom a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and payback the money over a period of years 抵押贷款，按揭3. amass v. if you amass money, knowledge, information etc., yougradually collect a large amount of it 积聚（尤指财富），积累，大量收集4. bequeath v. (formal) to leave (property) to another by last willand testament; to hand down to posterity遗赠，遗留，把……传下去5. erosion n. 1) the process by which the surface of something isgradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc.腐蚀，侵蚀；2) theprocess of gradually destroying something or making it weaker over aperiod of time逐步损害，削弱6. blight n. anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation 不良影响，打击7. constricted adj. tight or narrow, limited or restricted 收缩的；狭窄的8. languishing adj. to become weaker or fail to makeprogress日趋衰弱的，苦思的，渴望的9. humiliation n. a feeling of being ashamed orstupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of makingsomebody feel like this羞辱，蒙耻10. gin up v. to come up with; generate使形成，发生11. pulpit n. an elevated platform of a high reading desk used inpreaching or conducting a worship service（教堂的）讲道坛12. pew n. originally a compartment in the auditorium of a churchproviding seats for several persons; now a long bench with a back, in achurch教堂内的靠背长凳13. truism n. an undoubted or self-evident truth, esp. one tooobvious for mention真实性14. squarely adv. 1) directly; not at an angle or to one side方形地，直角地，四角地；2) directly or exactly; without confusion直接地，断然地，干脆地15. complicity n. association of partnership in or as in a wrongful act同谋，共犯16. forging v. 1)to put a lot of effort into making somethingsuccessful or strong so that it will last锻炼；2) to make an illegal copy ofsomething in order to cheat people伪造17. chasm n. a deep crack in the earth’s surface; abyss; any break orgap; a wide divergence of feelings, sentiments, interest, etc. 深坑，裂口18. dump v. to get rid of somebody/something or leave them forsomebody else to deal with倾倒（垃圾），倾卸，摆脱，转嫁（责任等）19. stagnant adj. not developing, growing or changing停滞的，迟钝的20. zero sum adj. of, relating to, or being a situation (as agame or relationship) in which a gain for one side entails acorresponding loss for the other side零和的21. bogus adj. not true or real, although someone is trying to makeyou think it is 假冒的，伪造的22. reverse v. to change something completely so that it is theopposite of what it was before颠倒，倒转23. counterproductive adj. having theopposite effect to the one which was intended反生产的，使达不到预期目标的24. culprit n. (informal) the reason for a particular problem ordifficulty问题的起因，困难的起源；犯人，罪犯25. lobbyist n. a person whose job involves trying to influencepoliticians or the government and, for example, persuade them tosupport or oppose a change in the law活动议案通过者，说客26. legitimate adj. allowed and acceptable according tothe law合法的，合理的，正统的27. grievance n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, oran unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you不平，不满，委屈，冤情28. succumb v. to not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptation, etc.屈服，屈从29. quintessentially adv. in a way that representsthe perfect example of something典型地，标准地30. audacity n. the confidence to say or do what you want,despite difficulties, risks or the negative attitudes of other people大胆，厚颜无耻，大言不惭31. ail v. to cause problems for somebody/something折磨，使疼痛，使烦恼32. Scripture n. (capitalized) the books of the Bible 基督教（圣经），经文33. fodder n. people or things that are considered to have only one use饲料，草料；（创作的）素材34. pounce v. to move suddenly forwards in order to attack or catchsomebody/something突袭35. gaffe n. an embarrassing mistake made in a social situation or in public（在社交场合或当众）出丑，失言，失态36. crumbling adj. breaking apart into lots of little pieces, ormaking something do this破碎的；崩溃的37. cynical adj. believing that people only do things to helpthemselves rather than for good or honest reasons愤世嫉俗的38. file v. to present something so that it can be officially recorded anddealt with提出（申请等），把……归档，琢磨39. mustard n. a thick cold yellow or brown sauce that tastes hotand spicy and is usually eaten with meat芥菜，芥末40. relish v. to get great pleasure from something; to want very muchto do or have something盼望，期待；享受，喜爱，品味二、课文精解1. Understanding this reality requires of a reminder of how we arrived at this point. (Para. 27)：reminder暗示；提醒的人/物。

Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar一、词汇短语1. bazaar [] n. a market or area where there are a lot of small shops,especially in India or the Middle East(东方国家尤其是中东地区和印度地区的)集市，街市：Chickens, goats and rabbits were offered for barter at the bazaar.在集市上，鸡、山羊和兔子被摆出来作物物交换之用。

2. Gothic [] adj. the style of architecture prevalent in Western Europefrom the 12th to the 16th century, characterized by pointed arches andflying buttresses哥特式的3. cavern [] n. a large underground chamber, as in a cave山洞，洞穴4. harmonious []adj. characterized by harmony of sound;melodious悦耳的，和谐的：a harmonious group of friends一群和睦的朋友5. throng [] n. a great number of people gathered together, a large crowd人群，群集：A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。

6. conceivable [] adj. that can be conceived, imagined可想象的，想得到的；可能的：by every conceivable means千方百计7. din [] n. a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds喧哗，吵闹：The bustleand din gradually faded to silence as night advanced.随着夜越来越深，喧闹声逐渐沉寂。

Lesson1Face to Face with Hurricane Camille一、词汇短语1.hurricane[]n.a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rainsand winds moving a73-136knots飓风sh[]vt.strike against with force or violence猛烈打击：The sleet is lashingthe roof.雨夹雪击打着屋顶。

3.pummel[]v.（用拳头连续）击打：The child pummeled his motherangrily as she carried him home.那孩子因其母带他回家而生气地捶打着母亲。

4.reluctant[]adj.unwilling;disinclined不愿意的，勉强的：Hewas very reluctant to go away.他很不愿意离去。

其名词形式为reluctance。

5.abandon[]vt.a).leave someone who needs or counts on you;leave in the lurch放弃，抛弃：abandon a friend in trouble抛弃处于危难中的朋友；b).to give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit,especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃，丢弃：abandon the ship弃船6.course[]n.a mode of action or behavior品行，行为7.demolish[]vt.to do away with completely;put an end to毁坏，破坏：The fire demolished the town.大火烧毁了这座城镇。

Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.一、词汇短语1. horde n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，人群：hordes of people 大群人2. Cabinet n. the politicians with important positions in agovernment who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of thegovernment内阁3. croquet n. a game played on grass in which players hit ballswith wooden mallets槌球游戏4. luncheon n. a lunch, especially a formal one午宴，正式的午餐5. Nazi n. a member of the National Socialist German Workers’Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolph Hitler纳粹分子6. regime n. a government in power; administration当权政府，统治：They are suffered under the new regime.他们遭受新政府的统治。

7. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty完全没有的，缺乏的（of）：be devoid of common sense缺乏常识8. excel vt. to do or be better than; surpass优于，超过：excel sb. in knowledge学识过人9. ferocious adj. extremely savage; fierce极为野蛮的，残忍的；凶猛的：ferocious animals凶猛的野兽10. threshold n. the place or point of beginning; the outset起点，开端：at the threshold of在……的开始11. till vt. to prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing andharrowing; cultivate耕作，耕耘：till the field耕耘一片田地12. adj.extending back beyond memory orrecord; ancient古老的，远古的，无法追忆的13. wring vt. to obtain or extract by applying force or pressure迫取，强求，榨取：The police had wrung the truth out of the recalcitrant witness.警察从那个顽固的目击者口中逼出事情的真相。

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 12 Ships in the Desert (Edited)⼀、词汇短语1. anchor n. & v. to hold fast by or as if by an anchor抛锚，锚定：They layat anchor outside the harbor.他们在港外抛锚停泊。

2. lap vt. to wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds拍打：The waveswere lapping the side of the boat.波浪击打着船的侧⾯。

3. comparable adj. that can be compared可⽐较的，⽐得上的4. underlying adj. fundamental, basic在下⾯的，根本的，潜在的5. parka n. a thick warm jacket with a hood⽑⽪风雪⼤⾐，⽪制⼤⾐6. glacier n. a large mass of ice and snow thatforms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate atwhich the snow melts; it moves slowly outward from the center ofaccumulation or down a mountain until it melts or breaks away冰川7. emission n. a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放，排出物：fume emission尘雾排放8. inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded byentreaty; relentless不可变的，残酷⽆情的：the inexorable passage of theseasons⼈⼒不能改变的四季转移9. graph n. a diagram, as a curve, broken lines, series of bars, etc.,representing the successive changes in a variable quantity or quantities图表，曲线图10. frigid adj. extremely cold极其寒冷的：Frigid winds blew fromthe north.寒风从北⽅刮来。