Dev-Dev App Distribution

caffe+opencv+openblas+Anaconda+ubuntu14.04配置本安装教程主要包含7个部分，包括：第一部分：安装开发依赖包第二部分：opencv安装和调试第三部分：Anaconda安装和调试第四部分：openblas安装和调试第五部分：Caffe的安装和测试第六步分：在minist的数据包上训练测试第七部分：出现的问题及解决方案1.安装开发依赖包在linux命令行指令中安装开发所需要的一些基本包指令：sudo apt-get install build-essential安装caffe所需要的一些依赖包：sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libboost-all-dev libhdf5-serial-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev protobuf-compiler install-gcc-multilib install-gfortrain-multilib安装Anaconda所需要的依赖包：python-dev python-pip2.opencv安装和调试安装opencv时没有手动安装，采用Github上有人已经写好了完整的安装脚本，选择这个链接https:///jayrambhia/Install-OpenCV，下载后解压，然后进去该目录，选择自己的操作系统，比如我的是Ubuntu，执行sudo./dependencies.shsudo./open2_4_9.sh其中第一步是安装依赖项opencv的所有依赖项，该依赖项就在这个dependencies.sh文件中，第二部是安装opencv，包括下载解压存放opencv等操作，这个过程大概一两个小时，慢慢等。

3.Anaconda安装和调试可以按照官方建议安装anaconda包。

常见问题新手必看：Q：什么是Hybrid App？A：Hybrid App：使用HTML5、CSS3和JavaScript语言编写，通过AppCan IDE提供的本地打包工具或在线编译系统生成可在Android、iOS平台安装运行的本地应用。

每一个应用安装后在系统中都能够独立运行，互不干扰。

有各自独立的进入点和运行沙盒。

Q：用AppCan平台开发的应用能否用来参赛？A：用户通过""网站开发的移动应用（除特殊注明以外），其知识产权均归开发用户个人所有，用户可以用于包括商业运营、出售、转让等在内的合法用途。

Q：AppCan提供的UI框架、API详细资料在哪里了解？A：官网文档教程中点击齿轮图标，可看详细资料Q：如何查看APP源代码？A：下载好apk或者ipa文件后，将名字后缀改成zip，解压之后就可以看到源代码了Q：应用后台数据交互怎么实现？A：使用AppCan中uexXmlHttpMgr这款API可以实现，详细内容见文档Q：APP KEY在哪里查看？A：在AppCan官网上，注册帐号并登录，用户可创建一个项目，平台会自动生成一个APP ID和KEY。

每个APP都会有自己独一的ID和KEY，查看时登录官网在应用管理中，点击应用名称即可。

Q：IDE开发环境支持mac版的吗？A：目前不支持xp sp2 及其以下操作系统和Mac OS X操作系统。

AppCan IDE基于Eclipse开发，目前只适用于以下Windows系列平台。

Windows XP(32bit)Windows Vista(32- or 64-bit)Windows 7(32- or 64-bit)Windows 8(32- or 64-bit)Q：AppCan适配哪些设备系统？A：iOS 4.3以上的系统都已经适配，Android 2.3以上至4.4.2都适配了Q：怎么本地打包？A：创建项目后编辑代码，直接在IDE里右键单击android_iphone，点击生成安装包Q：查看IDE本地生成安装包A：右键点击桌面IDE快捷方式——属性——打开文件位置——返回上一级AppCanStudioPersonal ——Mobile-Applications——查看你的安装包Q：为什么本地IDE点击生成安装包后没有进度条，也没有生成安装包？A：该问题可能是java环境导致的，IDE中自带了JDK1.7版本，不兼容JDK低版本。

电气工程常见的英文缩写缩写全称中文AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用A VL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制A VR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CA TS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STA T stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察V AR variable 变量V ARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。

苹果APP应用程序发布到AppStore详细流程如何将应用上传到 App Store 的详细流程介绍2012年6月目录一、发布前的测试 (3)二、发布的具体步骤 (4)三、发布工具-如何使用iTunes Connect (7)1)销售趋势报告（Sales/Trend Reports） (8)2)合同、税费及银行信息（Contracts， Tax， & Banking Information） (8)3)财务报告（Financial Reports） (10)4)用户管理（Manage Users） (10)5)请求用于推销的代码（Request Promotional Codes） (11)6)管理自己的In App Purchases（Manage Your In App Purchase） (11)7)管理自己的应用程序（Manage Your Applications） (11)a)概要数据 (14)b)对程序的评级 (16)c)上传数据 (16)d)定价 (17)e)地域选择 (17)f)检查页面 (17)网上已经有一些文档介绍 IPhone程序开发了，但是很少有文档介绍应用程序发布流程的。

从今天开始，我就开始为大家介绍怎样将开发完成的应用程序打包发布到苹果的在线商店上去。

一、发布前的测试程序的开发过程，我在这篇文章中就不细说了，但是，我想简单提一下应用程序上线前的发布测试。

因为，程序的作者要保证所提交的程序是健壮、稳定的，如果把程序的测试寄希望于 Apple Store的工作人员，那么将会大大浪费我们的时间，一般而言，一个程序提交到 Apple Store后，大约有一个星期的时间才能从 Apple那里得到明确的结论：允许或者拒绝上线，当然，拒绝的话会给出比较具体的解释，如果靠 Apple的反馈来修正自己的程序，那么这个周期就太长了，毕竟我们申请的证书有效期是一年而已。

我们希望在这一年里，能够充分的利用这个证书，通过一个证书提交尽量多的程序。

Ubuntu安装libssl-dev失败（依靠aptitude管理降级软件）并记录dpkg。

Ubuntu 12.04LTS下直接安装 libssl-dev 失败提⽰错误:$ sudo apt-get install libssl-devReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneSome packages could not be installed. This may mean that you haverequested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstabledistribution that some required packages have not yet been createdor been moved out of Incoming.The following information may help to resolve the situation:The following packages have unmet dependencies:libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (= 1.0.1-4ubuntu5) but 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 is to be installedRecommends: libssl-doc but it is not going to be installedE: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.原因:已安装的libssl1.0.0版本太⾼, ⽆法⽀持$dpkg -l *libssl*Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)||/ Name Version Description+++-==================-==================-====================================================un libssl-dev <none> (no description available)un libssl-doc <none> (no description available)ii libssl1.0.0 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 SSL shared libraries解决⽅案:使⽤aptitude软件包管理器1. 安装aptitude$sudo apt-get install aptitude2. 使⽤aptitude安装 libssl-dev包, 采⽤建议的解决⽅案(将libssl1.0.0版本降级)$sudo aptitude install libssl-devThe following NEW packages will be installed:libssl-dev{b}The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:libssl-doc0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.Need to get 1,528 kB of archives. After unpacking 6,179 kB will be used.The following packages have unmet dependencies:libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (= 1.0.1-4ubuntu5) but 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 is installed.Depends: zlib1g-dev but it is not going to be installed.The following actions will resolve these dependencies:Keep the following packages at their current version:1) libssl-dev [Not Installed]Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] nThe following actions will resolve these dependencies:Install the following packages:1) zlib1g-dev [1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 (precise)]Downgrade the following packages:2) libssl1.0.0 [1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 (now) -> 1.0.1-4ubuntu5 (precise-updates)]Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] yThe following packages will be DOWNGRADED:libssl1.0.0The following NEW packages will be installed:libssl-dev zlib1g-dev{a}The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:libssl-doc0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.Need to get 2,707 kB of archives. After unpacking 6,575 kB will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] yGet: 1 /ubuntu/ precise-updates/main libssl1.0.0 amd64 1.0.1-4ubuntu5 [1,013 kB]Get: 2 /ubuntu/ precise/main zlib1g-dev amd64 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 [165 kB]Get: 3 /ubuntu/ precise-updates/main libssl-dev amd64 1.0.1-4ubuntu5 [1,528 kB]Fetched 2,707 kB in 5s (503 kB/s)Preconfiguring packages ...dpkg: warning: downgrading libssl1.0.0 from 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 to 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.(Reading database ... 150648 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to replace libssl1.0.0 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.3 (using .../libssl1.0.0_1.0.1-4ubuntu5_amd64.deb) ...Unpacking replacement libssl1.0.0 ...Setting up libssl1.0.0 (1.0.1-4ubuntu5) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin ...ldconfig deferred processing now taking placeSelecting previously unselected package zlib1g-dev.(Reading database ... 150648 files and directories currently installed.)Unpacking zlib1g-dev (from .../zlib1g-dev_1%3a1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4_amd64.deb) ...Selecting previously unselected package libssl-dev.Unpacking libssl-dev (from .../libssl-dev_1.0.1-4ubuntu5_amd64.deb) ...Processing triggers for man-db ...Setting up zlib1g-dev (1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4) ...Setting up libssl-dev (1.0.1-4ubuntu5) ...验证libssl-dev包安装情况:$dpkg -l *libssl*Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)||/ Name Version Description+++-==================-==================-==================================================== ii libssl-dev 1.0.1-4ubuntu5 SSL development libraries, header files and documentun libssl-doc <none> (no description available)ii libssl1.0.0 1.0.1-4ubuntu5 SSL shared libraries。

iTunesConnect上传APP钥匙串及证书生成一、获取APP开发证书创建证书请求CSR(只需生成一次即可)1、Mac OS 中，打开应用程序，找到钥匙串访问（Keychain Access），设置OCSP和CRL为关闭状态。

2、打开工具——证书助理——从证书代理请求证书，输入iDP注册时的email，用户名自定义，选择“存储到磁盘”，选择‘Let me specify key pair information’。

3、选择保存路径，证书请求创建成功。

4.接下来就可以登录apple developer membercenter提交证书https:///membercenteriOS Provisioning Portal——Cergifficates-----Development ----Request Certificate’，然后点Browser，添加刚才生成的证书，点submit。

点击Approve，一分钟后会生成一个.cer文件。

下载Download，双击它。

单击“好”，就可以把certificate加入到keychain里面了。

开发者证书也就生成了。

二、生成Development和Distribution证书●Development(用于真机调试APP)●Distribution(用于发布APP到APP Store)不同的应用程序，要生成不同的证书文件登陆https:///membercenter打开iOS Provisioning Portal1.注册真机调试设备可以注册100个iphone和ipad，用于将开发的APP安装到设备上进行测试。

●通过xcode的organizer或者itunes都可以查看你的机器的udid。

●打开Devices、点击“Add Devices”，输入设备名字和机器的udid，点击submit提交即可2. 生成APP ID创建应用程序，需要指定程序的ID，用此格式 com.thinkrace.* （可以适合所有的程序）还有很重要一点要注意的是，这个ID对应的是你的程序Targets里的name，不是你程序本身的名字，这里要注意的一点是：如果你的APP ID是用*号代替的，那么在XCODE中环境里，Targets里的name不能写成类似com.thinkrace.*这样的，后面的*号依然可以用任何字符代替，但是不能用*，会报错的。

Xcode10.1运⾏⽼版本⼯程遇到问题解决记录近来接⼿公司⼀个历史遗留项⽬进⾏修改、上线⼯作，想想我都近三年没敲过iOS代码了也是慌。

项⽬⼤致情况：18年年初应上线项⽬，各种情况下⼀直搁置，到18年底了要重启上线，原来开发⼈员离职了都，年底开发⼈员⼯作也都各种忙的。

于是，PM⾓⾊被拉来兜底0.0 闲扯⼀段，以下运⾏⼯程过程中遇到的问题和解决：1 Showing Recent Messages:-1: No signing certificate "iOS Distribution" found: No "iOS Distribution" signing certificate matching team ID "GHQ92T59ZR" with a private key was found. (in target 'JiFenTongJia’)原因：搁置长时间，证书都过期失效了。

解决：重新配置好证书和Profile⽂件；2 Showing Recent Messages:-1: Multiple commands produce '/Users/fermin/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/JiFenTongJia-aeqilvnupcyphqfrdualufdecdmd/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/JiFenTongJia.app/Info.plist':1) Target 'JiFenTongJia' (project 'JiFenTongJia') has copy command from '/Users/fermin/Documents/SourceTree/JiFenTongJia-iOS/JiFenTongJia/JiFenTongJia/External/Library/FSCalendar/Info.plist' to '/Users/fermin/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/JiFenTongJia-aeqilvnupcyphqfrdualufdecdmd/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/JiFenTongJia.app/Info.plist'2) Target 'JiFenTongJia' (project 'JiFenTongJia') has copy command from '/Users/fermin/Documents/SourceTree/JiFenTongJia-iOS/JiFenTongJia/JiFenTongJia/External/Library/MGSwipeTableCell/Info.plist' to '/Users/fermin/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/JiFenTongJia-aeqilvnupcyphqfrdualufdecdmd/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/JiFenTongJia.app/Info.plist'3) Target 'JiFenTongJia' (project 'JiFenTongJia') has process command with output'/Users/fermin/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/JiFenTongJia-aeqilvnupcyphqfrdualufdecdmd/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/JiFenTongJia.app/Info.plist’原因：⼯程引⽤了包含第三⽅库在内的多个Info.plist⽂件；解决：前往Target->Build Phases->Copy Bundle Resources中，删除系统Info.plist以外同名⽂件引⽤；3 Provisioning profile "HBJX_Dev" doesn't include signing certificate "iPhone Distribution: Hangzhou Yaxin Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. (Q4K7PYSVSR)”.原因：未深究，⼤概也是Profile证书未对应吧；此时，真机可以跑了，但是模拟器上仍然报错；4 ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/fermin/Documents/SourceTree/JiFenTongJia-iOS/JiFenTongJia/JiFenTongJia/External/Library/jpush-ios-3.0.8’原因：之前开发应该更新过第三⽅库版本(原先版本库已删除)，但是引⽤仍在；解决办法：前往Target->Build Settings->Library Search Paths中，删除该引⽤；5 ld: warning: ignoring file/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator12.1.sdk/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.0.9.tbd, missing required architecture x86_64 in file/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator12.1.sdk/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.0.9.tbd (3 slices)没找到解决办法，反正在模拟器中⼀直不⾏但是在真机上可以运⾏，于是不管，先改完要改的再说；后⾯更新了CocoaPods和百度地图库到最新的版本后莫名好了。

⼀些英⽂词的标准缩写有些词可能共⽤⼀些缩写。

带星号的缩写或词来源于PeopleSoft标准。

The following standard word abbreviations should be used in naming records, fields, and SQRs:Word(s)Abbreviation DescriptionAbbreviateABRVAbbreviationAcademic ACADAcceptAcceptanceACPTAcceptedAccess ACCSAccident ACDNTAccomplishACMPAccomplishmentAccomplishmentsAccount*ACCT*Accounting*ACCTG*Accounts PayableAPAdvanced PlacementAccounts Receivable ARAccredited ACRDAccrual ACRLAccumulated*ACCUM*AccumulationACUMAccumulativeAchieveACHVAchievementAcquisition*ACQ*ActActiveACTActivityAmerican College TestAction*ACTN*Actual ACTLAddADDAddedAdditional*ADDL*Address*ADDR*Narrative data which describes a person, place or thing's location Ad hoc ADHCAdjudicateADJDAdjudicatedAdjudicationAdjusted Gross Income AGIAdjustment*ADJ*AdministeredADMAdministratedAdministrationAdmissibleADMSAdmissionAdmittanceADMTAdmittedAdvanced PlacementAPAccounts PayableAdvice ADVCAdvice ADVCAffiliation AFFLAfter AFTAge AGEAgency AGCYAgent AGNTAid AIDAlien ALNAll ALLAllocateALLOC*Allocation*Alpha ALPHAlterALTAlternateAlumniALMNAlumnusAM AM"Ante Meridiem" (morning) American College TestActACTActiveActivityAmount*AMT*Monetary value(s) Analysis ANLSAnnual*ANNL*Anonymous ANONAnswer ANSApartment APTAppealAPELAppealedApplicant*APP*Application*APPL*Appointment APPTApprovalAPRVApproveArea AREAArray ARAYArrears ARRSAscending ASCAssignASGNAssignedAssignmentAssociation ASSCAssumption ASMPAthleteATHLAthleticAttach ATCHAttempt ATMPTAttendATNDAttendanceAttention ATTNAttribute ATTRAuditADTAuditedAuthorityAUTHAuthorizeAuxiliary AUXAvailabilityAVLAvailableAverage AVG The mean of two or more numbers Average Cumulative Grade ACGAwardAWRDAwardedBalance*BAL*The net value (balance) of an account Bank BNKBargain BARGBaseBASBasicBatch BTCHBefore BEFBeginBEGNBeginningBeginning of Term BOTBenefits BENBid BIDBillBILLBillingBilling and Receivables System BRSBirth BRTHBoard BRDBreak BRKBudgetBUDBudgetableBudget Balance Account BBABuildBLDBuildingBusiness BUSBusiness Unit*BU*BuyBUYBuyerCalculateCALC*CalculatedCalculation*Calendar*CAL*Call CALLCampaign CMPNCampus CMPSCancelCANCanceledCapacity CAPCapitalization CPLZCard CRDCareer CARCarrier CRIRCartridge CARTCase CSECash CSHCatalog CTLGCategory*CATG*Census CENSCenter CTRCertificateCERTCertificationChangeCHGChangedChapter CHAPCharge CRGChartfield CHARTFCheckCheckedCHKCitizenCitizenshipCTZNCity CTYClass CLASClearClearedCLRCLEP CLEPClose CLOClub CLBCOBRA*CBR*Code*CD*Data which represents encoded values (translate or code table) CollectCollectionCLCTCollege COLGColumn CLMNCombinationCombineCOMBCommand CMDComment CMT An explanatory, illustrative or critical note, remark or observation Committee CMMTTEECompany*CO*Comparative*COMPA*Competitor CPTRCompleteCompletionComplianceCMPLComponent CMPT When the meaning is "part", use abbreviation "PRT".CompositeCompensationCOMPConditional CONDConfidential CNFDConfirmConfirmation*CONF*Constant CNSTCSTData which is unchanging or invariableContact CTCT ContinueContinuingContinuousCONTContractContractorCNTR Control*CNTL* Conversation*CONVR* Conversion*Convert*ConvertedCNV* Correspondence CRSP Cost COSTCount Counter CNTA number of people or things that have been "counted", such as inventorycycle countCountry CTRY County CNTY Course*CRSE* Coverage*COVRG*Coverage*COVRG* Create CRE Credential CRDLCredit*CR*CRDTUse "CR" for field names relating to financial dataUse "CRDT" for field names relating to academic workCREF CREFCross CRSCross ListCross ListedXLSTCross Reference XREFCumulative CUMCurrency*CURR*Current*CUR*Cursor CRSRCustodian CSTNCustomer*CUST*Daily DLYData DATAData Processing DPDate*DT* A calendar day, month, and year (including century) Date-Time Stamp DTTMDay*DD*DY*A day of the week (Sunday, Monday, etc.)DeadDeathDeceasedDEAD Debit*DR* Decimal DEC DeductDeduction*DED* Default*DFLT* Deficit DFCT Definition*DEFN* Degree DEG Delete DEL DeliverDeliveryDLVR Demo DMO Dental DNTL Department*DEPT* Department of Motor Vehicles DMV DependencyDependent*DependsDEP* Deposit DPST Depreciation*DEPR*Description*DESCR*DSCNarrative data which translates a code or number. When a suffix, use "_DSC"(see Standard Field Name Suffix table).Design DSGN Destination*DEST* Detail*DETL* DevelopDevelopmentDeviationDEVDifferenceDifferentialDIFF Digit DGT DirectDirectDirectionDirectionalDIRDisabilityDisabledDISA DisbursedDisbursementDSB Discount*DISC* Displacement DSPL Display DISP Disposition DSP DistributeDistribution*DIST* District DSTR Division DIV Division of Continuing Education DCE Document DOC Donor DONR Down DN DriveDriverDRV Drop DRP Due DUE Duplicate*DuplicationDUP* Each EAEarly ERLY EarnEarnedEarnings*EARN* Earned Income Credit EIC EducateEducationEDU EffectEffective*EFF* Effective Date*EFFDT* Effective Date Sequence*EFFSEQ* Effort EFRT ElectElectedElectiveELCT Electronic Data Interchange EDI Electronic Funds Transfer EFT Electronic Mail EM Eligibility*EligibleELIG* Emergency EMRG Emphasis EMPHEmployee*EE* EMPLEmployee ID*EMPLID* Employer*ER* Employment EMPLMT EncumberEncumbranceENCB EndEndingENDEnd of Term EOTEndorseENDR EndorsementEndorsement ENDREndowENDW EndowmentEngineerENGN EngineeringEnglish ENGLEnrichment ENRCHEnrollment ENRLEnterEnteredENTR EntryEntitleENTL EntitlementEqualEqualityEQ EquivalenceEquivalentEqual Employment OpportunityEEO Equal OpportunityEquip EQPError ERREstablishment ESTBEthnic ETHNEvaluationEVAL EvaluatorEvent EVNTExam EXMException EXCPExcludeEXCL ExclusionExecuteEXEC ExecutionExemptEXMT ExemptionExpectEXPC ExpectedExpected Family Contribution EFCExpedite XPDTExpenseEXP ExportExpressExperimental EXPMExpirationEXPR ExpireExportEXP ExpenseExtendEXT ExtendedExtensionExternal EXTRFacility FCLTFaculty FACFamily FMLYFamily Eduaction Rights and PrivacyFERPA ActFast FSTFather FATHFather FATH Federal FED Federal Labor and Security Act FLSA Fee FEE FeetFull TimeFT FICA FICA FieldFieldsFLD File FILE Final FNL Financial*FIN* Financial Aid FA Fine FINE First FRST Fiscal FISC Fiscal Year FY Fiscal Year to Date FYTD FixFixedFIXFlag FLGSWData which functions as a flag or indicator. Used with only two possiblestates/conditions. Data should normally be "Y" or "N".Flexible Spending Account FSA Floor FLRFor FOR Foreign FGN Foreign Key FK Form FRM Format FMT Former FORMR Free FREE Free Application for Federal StudentAidFAFSA Free on Board FOB FreezeFrozenFRZ Frequency*FREQ* FreshFreshmanFRSH From FR FulfillFulfilledFULF Full Time FTFull Time Equivalent FTE FunctionFunctionalFCN FundFundingFUND Future FUT Garnishment*GARN* General GENL General Education Degree GED General Ledger GL GeographicGeographyGEOG Gift GFT Global GLBL Government GOVTGovernment GOVTGrade GDEGRDA value assigned to reflect performance or position on a scaleGrade Point Average GPA Graduate GRAD GrantGrantedGRNT Gross GROS Group GRP Guarantee GUAR Guaranteed Student Loan GSL Guest GST HandicapHandicappedHAND Head HEAD Header*HDR* Health HLTH HeldHoldHLD Help HLP Hierarchy HIERHigh H Normally used in conjunction with another word (i.e., High School abbreviated as "HS").High School HSHigh School Services HSSHigher Education HEDHighway HWAYHire HIREHistory HSTHome HMHonor HONRHonor Society HSCHospital HOSPHour HH A duration of time expressed in hoursHourly HRLYHours*HRS*HouseHousingHSEHow HOWHuman Resources HRHuman Resource System HRSIdentificationIdentifier*IndicatorID*Alphanumeric data which identifies a person, place, or thing Image IMGImmuneImmunizationIMUNImpact IMPCImplementation IMPLImport IMPImport/Export IMPEXPInch INInclude INCLIncome INCMIncreaseIncrementINCRIndex INDXIndicator ID INDIndividual INDV Individual Student Information Report ISIR Information INFO InitialInitializeINIT Injury*INJ* Inoculation INOC Input INPT Inquiry INQ Insert ISRT Institution INST InstructionInstructionalInstructorISTR Instructional Need Analysis System INAS Insurance INS Inter-Unit*IU* Interest INT Interface*INTFC* Internal INTR International INTL Interval INVL InterviewInterviewerINTV Invent INVN Inventory INV Investment*INVEST* InvitationInviteINVT Invoice INVC IssueIssuedISSItem ITMJob JOB Journal*JRNL* Junior JR Junior Science JSKey KEY Label LBL Labor LBR Laboratory LAB Language LNG LastListLST Late LATE Latitude LAT Layoff LAYF Leave LV Lecture LCTR Ledger*LED* Legal LGL Lender LNDR Length*LEN* Letter LTRLevel LVLLiaison LISNLiberal Education LBDLibrary LIBLicense LICLicense Plate Number LIC_PLTE_NBRLife LIFELimit*LIM*Line*LN*LoanLinkLNKLinkedLiquid LIQListLSTLastLiteral LTRLLoad LOADLoanLNLine*LocateLOC*Location*Lock LKLocker LKRLog LOGLog on LOGONLongLONGLongestLong Term Care LTCLong Term Disability LTDLongitude LONLot LOTLow LOWMailMailerMAILMailingMaintenance*MAINT*Major MJRMake MKManager MGRMap MAPMarital MRTLMessage Agent Server MASMask MSKMaster Academic Records System MARSMatchMTCH MatchingMath MTHMatriculatedMTRC MatriculationMaximum*MAX*MedicalMEDMedicinalMeetMTMeetingMember MBRMembership MSHPMemoMMOMemorandumMMO Memorial MEMR Merchandise MERCHNDS Merchant MERCH Merit MERT MessageMessages*MSG*Meter MTRMethod METH Microfilm MFILM Middle MIDMilitary MIL Minimum*MIN*Minor MINRMinute MNTMMA duration of time expressed in minutesMiscellaneous MISC Mode MDE ModificationModifierMOD MonetaryMoneyMONYMonth*MM*MN*A calendar month in numeric form (e.g., 01=January)Month-to-Date*MTD* More MORE Mother MOTH Move MOVE Multiple MULTName NMNMEWord(s) by which a person, place or thing is commonly knownNational NATLNational Association of College andUniversity Business OfficersNACUBONational Student Loan Direct System NSLDS Commonly known as the "Perkins Loan"Navigation NAVNew NEWNext NXTNext of Kin NOKNo Charge NCNo Credit NOCRNo Print NPRTNominal NOMNon NONNon-Personal Services NPSNot NOTNot Applicable NANoteNoticeNotificationNotifyNOTENumber*NumericNBR*Numeric data which identifies a person, place, or thing ObjectObjectiveOBJOccupation OCPOccurs OCCOfferOFFROfferedOffice OFFCOfficer OFCROfficial OFCLOld OLDOnline ONLNOpen OPNOperator*OPR*OptionOPTOptionalOptionsOrder ORDROrganizationORGOrganizeOrientation ORNTOriginORIGOriginalOriginationOther OTHROut OUTOver OVROverhead OHOverride OVRDOvertime OTOwnOWNOwnedOwner OWNRPackaged PACKPaid PAIDPaper PPRParameter*PARM*Parent PARParityPRTYPriorityPark PRKPartPRTPartialPart Time PTParticipation PRTPPassPASSPassedPast PASTPatron PTRNPayPAYPayablePaymentPayroll PYRLPedestrian PEDPell (Pell Grant)PELPending PENDPension PENSPercent*PCT*Part of a whole expressed in hundredths PercentagePercentilePeriod*PD*Period-to-Date*PTD*Perkins Loan NSLDS Common name for National Student Loan Direct System Permanent PERMPermit PRMTPerson PERSPersonalPSNLPersonnelPersonal Identification PINPersonnel Action Notification PANPhone PHNPhysics PHYSPlace PLCEPlan PLNPlate PLTEPledge PLDGPM PM"Post Meridiem" (afternoon)Point PNTPolicy PLCYPosition*POSN*PostPOSTPostedPostal PSTLPotential POTNPredicted PREDPreferencePREFPreferredPrefix PRFXPremium PREMPrerequisite PREQPrescribed PSCRPresentation PRSTPresident PRESPreviousPREVPriorPrice PRCPrice Level PLPrimary PRIMPrimary Key PKPrincipalPRINPrinciplePrincipal Investigator PIPrintPRNPrintedPriorPREVPreviousPriorityPRTYParityProbationPROBProblemProcedurePROCProcessProfessionPRFSProfessionalProficiency PRFCProfile*PROF*Program PROGProjectPROJProjectedPromissory PRMSPromotion PROMProposal PRPSProspect PRSPProvince PRVNPurchase PURPurchase Order POPurge PRGPurpose PURPQualitativeQALQualityQuantitativeQTY* A number of things other than moneyQuantity*Quantity-to-DateQTD*Quarter-to-Date*Quarter QTRQuestion QSTNRace RACERange RNGRank RNK Relative standing or positionRate*RT*Numeric value expressing amount per some unit of coverageReadREADReadingRealREALReallocationReason*RSN*Recall RCLReceipt RCPTReceiveRECV*Received*Receiver RCVRRecharge RCHGRecognitionRECGRecognizeRecommend RCMDReconciliation*RECON*Record*REC*RecreateRECRRecreationRecruitRCRTRecruitingReduceRED*ReducedReduction*ReferReference*REF*ReferralReferredRefund RFNDRegional RGNLRegistrar REGRRegistration REGRejectRJCTRejectionRelateRelationRLATRelationshipRelease RLSERelease RLSEReligionRELGReligiousRemaining RMNGReminder RMDRRenewal RNWLRepeatRepeatableREPTRepeatedReplaceREPLReplacedReply RPLYReport*RPT*Request*RequestedREQ*RequireRequired*Requisition*Requirements*RQMT*Research RESReserveRSRVReservedReserve Officers Training Corps ROTCResidenceRSDTResidencyResidentResign RSGNResource RSRCResponse RESPRestart RSTRestock RSTKRestrictRSTRRestrictedRestrictionsResult RSLTRetire*RET*Retirement*Retroactive RETRReturn RTNRevenue REVReview RVWRevision REVSRevoke REVKRoll RLRoll up RLUPRoom RMRoute ROUTRow ROWRSVP RSVP French abbreviation meaning "please reply" Run RUNRun Control RUNCTLSalary*SAL*Sale SALESalutation SLTNSame SMSave SAVEScale SCALSchedule*ScheduledSchedulingSCHED*ScholarScholarshipSCHLRScholasticSchoolSCHLScholastic Aptitude Test SATScience SCIScore SCR A number that expresses merit or performance Screen SCRNSearch SRCHSecond SCNDSSUse "SCND" for field names relating to number two in a countable seriesUse "SS" for field names relating to a duration of time expressed in secondsSection SCTN SecureSecurity*SEC* Segment SEG Select*SelectionSelectiveSEL* Semester SEM Semi Finalist SEMF SenateSenatorSEN Send SND Senior SR Sent SNT Separate SEPR Sequence*SEQ* Serial SERL Service SERV Session*SESSN* Sex SEX Sharing SHR Sheet SHET Shelter SHLT Shift SHFT Shipping SHIP Short SHRT Sign SGN Simulated SIM Site SITE Size SZSkill SKL Skip SKP SocialSocietySOC Social Security Number SSN Soft SFT Solid SLID Sophomore SOPH Sort SRT Source SRC SpecialSpecialtySPCL SpecificSpecificationSPECSponsorSponsoredSPON Sports SPRT Spouse SPSE Square SQ Stack STCK Staff STF Stage STG Stamp STMP Standard STD Standard Deviation STDV StartStartingSTRT State ST Statement STMT Static STC Statistics*STAT* Status STS Step STP Stipend STPD Stock STK Stop STOP Street STR String STRG Structure STRC Student STU Student Academic Records SAR Student Credit Hour SCH Study STDY Subcampaign SCMP Subject SUBJ Subordinate SUB Subsidiary SUBS Suffix SFX SummationSummary*SUM* Supervisor*SupportSUP* SupplementSupplemental*SUPL* Survey SRVYSuspense SUSP SUSPNSwitch FLGSWData which functions as a flag or indicator. Used with only two possiblestates/conditions. Data should normally be "Y" or "N".System SYS TableTablesTBL Taken TKN Tape TAPE Target TRGT Taught TGHT TaxTaxableTX Tax ID Number TIN Team TEAM Temperature TEMPTemperature TEMPTemplate*TMPL*Temporary TMPTenure TENRTerm TRMTerminal TRMLTerminate TRMTTest TSTText TXT Narrative informational data such as a message or error text Thermidor THERM13th MonthTIAA TIAATicket TKTTime TM Hours and minutes. May include seconds, hundredths of seconds. Time keeping TMKPTime-stamp TS A system generated Time-stampTitle TITLToday TDYTotal*TOT*Tour TOURTown CTYTrackTRKTrackingTraditional TRADTraining*TRN*TransactTRANS*Transaction*Transcript TSCPTransfer*XFER*TranslateXLT Meaning "Crosswalk Table"TranslationTransmitXMITTransmittalTravel TRVLTuition*TUIT*Type TYPUndergraduate UGRDUnemployment UNEMPLUnit UNITUnit of Measure*UOM*Universal UNVRSLUniversity UNIVUnpaid UNPDUnsecureUNSECUnsecuredUp To MAXUpdateUPDTUpdatedUpper UPRUS Department of Education USDEUseUSEUsedUser USRVacation*VACN*Valedictorian VLDCValidValidateVLDValidationValidationValue VAL Variable VAR Vehicle*VEH* Vendor VEND Verbal VRBL VerifyVerifiedVERF Veteran VET Vice President VP Violation VIO Visa VISA Visit VST Voucher VCHR W2W2W4W4W9W9 Waived WVED WeekWorkWorkedWorker(s)WK Width WIDWith W Normally used as part of a compound word (i.e., Withdrawl abbreviated as "WDRL").Withdrawal WDRL WithholdWithholdingWHLD Women WMN Worksheet WKST WriteWrittenWRTYear*YR*YY*A calendar year, including century (e.g., 1997)Year-to-Date*YTD* Zip ZIP Zone。

Linux中的⽂件和⽬录结构详解 对于每⼀个Linux学习者来说，了解Linux⽂件系统的⽬录结构，是学好Linux的⾄关重要的⼀步.，深⼊了解linux⽂件⽬录结构的标准和每个⽬录的详细功能，对于我们⽤好linux系统只管重要，下⾯我们就开始了解⼀下linux⽬录结构的相关知识。

当在使⽤Linux的时候，如果您通过ls –l / 就会发现，在/下包涵很多的⽬录，⽐如etc、usr、var、bin ... ... 等⽬录，⽽在这些⽬录中，我们进去看看，发现也有很多的⽬录或⽂件。

⽂件系统在Linux下看上去就象树形结构，所以我们可以把⽂件系统的结构形象的称为树形结构。

⽂件系统的是⽤来组织和排列⽂件存取的，所以它是可见的，在Linux中，我们可以通过ls等⼯具来查看其结构，在Linux系统中，我们见到的都是树形结构；⽐如操作系统安装在⼀个⽂件系统中，它表现为由/ 起始的树形结构。

linux⽂件系统的最顶端是/，我们称/为Linux的root，也就是 Linux操作系统的⽂件系统。

Linux的⽂件系统的⼊⼝就是/，所有的⽬录、⽂件、设备都在/之下，/就是Linux⽂件系统的组织者，也是最上级的领导者。

由于linux是开放源代码，各⼤公司和团体根据linux的核⼼代码做各⾃的操作，编程。

这样就造成在根下的⽬录的不同。

这样就造成个⼈不能使⽤他⼈的linux系统的PC。

因为你根本不知道⼀些基本的配置，⽂件在哪⾥。

这就造成了混乱。

这就是FHS（Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ）机构诞⽣的原因。

该机构是linux爱好者⾃发的组成的⼀个团体，主要是是对linux做⼀些基本的要求，不⾄于是操作者换⼀台主机就成了linux的‘⽂盲’。

事实上，FHS是根据过去的经验⼀直再持续的改版的，FHS依据⽂件系统使⽤的频繁与否与是否允许使⽤者随意更动，⽽将⽬录定义成为四种交互作⽤的形态，⽤表格来说有点像底下这样：可分享的(shareable)不可分享的(unshareable)不变的(static)/usr (软件放置处)/etc (配置⽂件)/opt (第三⽅协⼒软件)/boot (开机与核⼼档)可变动的(variable)/var/mail (使⽤者邮件信箱)/var/run (程序相关) /var/spool/news (新闻组)/var/lock (程序相关)四中类型:1.可分享的： 可以分享给其他系统挂载使⽤的⽬录，所以包括执⾏⽂件与⽤户的邮件等数据，是能够分享给⽹络上其他主机挂载⽤的⽬录；2.不可分享的： ⾃⼰机器上⾯运作的装置⽂件或者是与程序有关的socket⽂件等，由于仅与⾃⾝机器有关，所以当然就不适合分享给其他主机了。

在苹果手机上开发的软件是用什么方法来进行软件加密防盗版的？在硬件和软件上分别要实现什么技术呢？有什么可以参考的书或资料吗？谢谢大家啊因为我对这方面没有了解，所以希望得到大家的帮助。

这个问题已经找到一些想要的资料，大概的写了一下在所查找的资料中，大部分人对于Iphone OS所用的保护措施比较赞同。

对于Iphone来说，它的硬件和操作系统及部分软件都是苹果公司独自设计与开发的，这样就使得软件保护可以同时从硬件和软件入手。

从所周知，软硬件协同保护是最有效的办法。

想破解硬件加密是一件很困难的事情，主要原因之一就是可以将安全引擎内置于处理器中，这就意味着，在装有安全引擎的手机处理器上，黑客原本惯用的通过入侵加密信息来盗取资料的手法将完全失效。

大家知道，如果Iphone手机没有经过破解想使用大部分软件必须要付费才可以，这是苹果公司在Iphone 出厂的时候已经对手机进行了设置，系统对用户限制了一些功能。

从itunes下载的程序是账户绑定的，跟iphone/itouch匹配才能安装。

所以，只有破解的Iphone手机才可以随便安装第三方软件，而不用交费。

SDK本身是可以免费下载的,但为了发布软件, 开发人员必须加入iPhone开发者计划, 其中有一步需要付款以获得苹果的批准。

加入了之后，开发人员们将会得到一个牌照，他们可以用这个牌照将他们编写的软件发布到苹果的App Store。

发布软件一共有三种方法: 通过App Store,通过企业配置仅在企业内部员工间应用,也可通过基于"Ad-hoc"而上载至多达100部iPhones。

这个发布iPhone软件的形式的出现使人们不能根据GPLv3的授权代码发布软件。

任何根据GPLv3任何代码的开发者也必须得到GPLv3的授权。

同时，开发商在散发布已经由GPLv3 授权的应用软件的同时必须提供由苹果公司提供的密匙以允许该软件修改版本的上载。

下面详细介绍一下Iphone开发的代码签名。