高考英语语法突破：谓语动词

2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

考点一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。

What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。

2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

例：The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。

I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。

3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。

2023年高考英语考前必练谓语动词的时态语态（含近三年真题及解析）一、动词的时态特殊用法1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

如：We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。

I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。

2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。

这类动词有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。

如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。

The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。

3.现在进行时与always, continually, forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。

如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。

4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。

如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。

常见的变化有：特殊用法1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。

如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

语法填空之谓语动词的时态距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

名师指要——微技法巧应对高考热考法1动词的时态——4个技巧搞定谓语动词的时态[经典题试做]1．(2022·浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ____________(be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.2．(2022·长春高考适应性考试)Nowadays, many across the world ____________(be) eager to learn about China through stories about Chinese civilization and contemporary China.3．(2022·贵阳高考全真模拟)Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ____________(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.4．(2022·安徽高三百师联盟联考)According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ____________(be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now. 5．(2022·江西高三5月大联考)Beijing is such a big stage and I have missed out on many of the big events that ____________(take) place in the past few years. 6．(2022·开封高考模拟调研卷三)“In about two months, another panda, one of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games mascots, Bing Dwen Dwen, ____________(draw) the world's attention in my hometown Beijing. I also look forward to meeting athletes from around the world in Paris in 2024，” Zhang told journalists.7．(2021·浙江卷6月)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.8．(2022·黑龙江高三4月百校联合测评)And ineffective tilling means some seeds won't take and yield (产量) ____________(drop).9．(2022·景德镇5月高考模拟)It all ____________(begin) in the Eixample District of Barcelona when five families were looking for a safe and environmentally friendly way to get to school.10．(2022·四川县级重点高中协作体模拟)In an interview with TOBI AWODIPE, she ____________(talk) about how Guinness Nigeria was driving diversity and gender equality.11．(2022·安庆检测)That was the first time I ________(experience) sandstorms and Idon't ever want to be in one again.12．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Henry ____________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.13．(2022·兰州模拟)Therefore, it is high time that we ____________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.[答题微技能]技巧1时间状语判断法在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语来确定对应时态：(1)一般现在时：sometimes、every week/day/year/morning等；(2)一般过去时：yesterday、last week/night/year/month、the other day、in＋过去的年份、时间段＋ago、时间段＋later等；(3)现在进行时：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等；(4)过去进行时：at that time/moment等；(5)一般将来时：tomorrow、next week/year、in＋时间段、in the future等；(6)将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等；(7)现在完成时：since＋时间点、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by now、during/over/in the last/past＋时间段、in/over recent＋时间段等；(8)过去完成时：by then、until then、by/before/till the end of＋过去的时间点等。

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：谓语动词完成时重难点解读养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

[完成时考题展示]and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.答案与解析：has walked。

考查动词完成时态。

根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。

故填has walked。

句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。

【考题2】（2022年浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise）to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.答案与解析：have promised。

考查时态。

根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。

句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。

【考题3】（2021浙江6月卷）It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.答案与解析：has proved/ has proven。

非谓语动词知识网络精题精练一、单句语法填空（一）非谓语作主语、表语1．The cart got (stick)in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. 2．His new idea was (make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.3．But conservationists say that (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.4．As time is pressing, I think (take) a taxi is the best way to get from here to the conference centre.5．It is not necessary (bargain) on this small amount.6．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat)as the plane was making a landing.（二）非谓语作宾语1．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief (catch).2．The man insisted on (find)a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 3．According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week (watch)TV. 4．Isn’t it time you got down to(mark)the papers?5．They're helping us to become calm and consider (win)and solving real problems as well.6．Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail (enjoy)the coffee.（三）非谓语作定语1．There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.2．At the 41st session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (hold) in Poland, Hoh Xil was approved as a new world heritage site, becoming the 51st world heritage site in China. 3．This site reports science news (cover)a wide range of subjects.4．The museum, (locate)next to the Wuzhen scenic spot, covers an area of5,000 square meters.5．There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something (see)or do. 6．A lake is an area of water ________(surround) by land.（四）非谓语作状语1．But by 1955, the paintings were beginning to become difficult (see).2．She first came across this phenomenon while (research)North American children living in India.3．(compare)with the western medicine's high fees, TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.4．A total of 400,000 tons of steel were used in the project, equal to 60 times the steel used (build)the Eiffel Tower.5．Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn’t fit. 6．David has done good deeds all his life, ________ (earn) him much reputation.（五）非谓语作补语1．Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists (find)previously hidden stars.2．During the Qin dynasty,to keep the enemy out, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join)up.3．The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it (operate)for an hour. 4．Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.5．With her energy ________ (fix) on the research on AIDS, Mrs. Mason can not spare much time with her family.二、单句语法改错1．Now I want to tell you an impressive story happen in my first lesson. 2．Besides, being an exchange student offered me a chance improve my English. 3．Arrived home, I almost forgot my tiredness.4．With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. 5．The moment Lang stepped into the stadium,nobody could stay seating.6．They were playing instead of just do their morning exercise on the grass.7．No matter how many times I asked to watching cartoons, my parents would not let me. 8．One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.9．I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lay across the middle.10．When combining properly, the five elements form a perfect system which almost works for every company.真题实战一、单句语法填空1．(2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.2．(2021.6全国甲卷语法填空） It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 3．(2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!4．(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Minimize the impact of (visit) the place. 5．(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足）and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.6．（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over (plant) flowers in the front yard.7．(2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.8．(2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.9．(2021·天津卷单选） China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.A．to extend B． extended C． extending D． being extended10．(2020·新课标I语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.11．(2020·新课标 II 卷(They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.12．(2020·新课标 II 卷(They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.13．(2020·新课标 II 卷( They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 14．(2020·新课标 III 卷( The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.15．(2020·新课标 III 卷( And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.16．(2020·山东卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or (walk)through a rainforest.17．(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology (change)lives.18．(2020·浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. 19．(2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining withC. having combined withD. to be combined with 20．(2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.A． Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 21．(2020·天津卷)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection_____economic growth.A．to be promoted B being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 22．(2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped23．【2019·江苏卷】 __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy24．【2019·天津卷】 ____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned25．【2019·江苏卷】China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized 26．【2019·天津卷】 The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare27．【2019·新课标I卷】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.28．【2019·新课标 I 卷】 Scientists have responded by ______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…29．【2019·新课标 II 卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.30．【2019·新课标 II 卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 31．【2019·新课标 II 卷】 When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was ___a__joke.32．【2019·新课标 III 卷】On our way to the house, it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ______ (get)there.33．【2019·新课标 III 卷】 On the last day of our week-long stay, we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.34．【2019·浙江卷】 When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…35．【2019·浙江卷】 But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform. 36．【2019·北京卷】 Nervously ______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the twosimple words “Be yourself”.37．【2018·北京】 _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled38．【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together______ a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared39．【2018·北京】 Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use40．【2018·天津】 I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.A. to eat； to tryB. eating； tryingC. eating； to tryD. to eat； trying 41．【2018·天津】 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take42．【2018·江苏】 Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceededB. to exceedC. exceededD. exceeding 43．【2018·新课标 I 卷】 You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 44．[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),41]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spendinghalf-term (rest).45．[2017北京,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online. (save) their valuable time.46．[2017北京,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to elephants.47．[2016北京,26] (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.48．[2016北京,28] (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.49．[2015北京,23]The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 50．[2015江苏,24]Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.51．[2015福建,33]In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared,(combine)the sense of "information" and "atmosphere".52．[2015重庆,11]Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.53．[2014浙江,14]Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.54．[2014湖南,21]Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.55．[2014陕西,20] (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.56．[2014四川,5]The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort.57．[2014湖南,23] (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.58．[2014福建,30]For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect).59．[2014江西,26]When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him. 60．[2013陕西,14]The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.61．[2013北京,21]Volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives, including your own. 62．[2013新课标全国Ⅱ,5]I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.63．[2013浙江,7] (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.参考答案一单句语法填空（一）1.stuck 2.to make/making 3.making 4.taking/to take 5.to bargain 6.seated （二）1. being caught 2. finding 3.watching 4.marking 5. winning 6.to enjoy（三）1.to be solved 2.held 3.covering 4.located 5.to see 6.surrounded（四）1. to see 2.researching pared 4.to build 5.to find 6.earning（五）1. to find 2.joined 3.operating 4.to process 5.fixed二、单句语法改错1.happen→happening【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。

高中英语语法之谓语以及谓语动词的用法归纳讲义谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。

不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。

谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。

例如：I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)复合谓语也可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：What does this word mean?I won't do it again.You'd better catch a bus.第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。

例如：The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.Keep quiet and listen to me.He looked worried.常考要点之谓语动词(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致①、主谓分割原则例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.分析：symbolize应改为symbolizes。

主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

②、与后者一致原则not…but, 强调but后面的名词，not only…but also③、与前者一致原则名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致例：The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.分析：谓语动词应该与the athlete 保持一致，所以are改为is④、就近原则or, either…or, neither…nor,单数名词+or+复数名词+are如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is所以注意一点：如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals.分析：or应改为and。

高考英语语法考点归纳总结：高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Frid ay.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, ow n, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert sta rted and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I h ave been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调一直在读)。

高三英语专题突破训练-谓语动词高考真题：1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected,2. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.3. Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.4. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly __________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.5. In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.6. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.7. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.8. But Cobb and others ________ （be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change）their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.9. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise）to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.10. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.11. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.12. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).13. We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.14. It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.15. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.16. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______（sell）most of their furniture.17. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMIof between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.18. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.19. As it ________ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream．20. There __________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.21. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.22. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________ (construct)”.23. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ______ (carry) special significance.24. The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.25.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.26. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.27. The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.28. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.29. Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food (play) a big role in his life.30. Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (throw) away.对比练习：1. We are reading a passage _____ (write) by out teacher.We are reading a passage that _____ (write) by out teacher.2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ______(allow) more patients to be treated.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment. It ______(allow) more patients to be treated.3.Ordinary soap, _______(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.Ordinary soap, which _______(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.主谓一致：1. It ____I who _____leaving for London. （be）2. Not only the children but also Tom ____（be）fond of watching television.3. That they were wrong in these matters _____ （be）now clear to us all.4. Mathematics ____（be）the language of science.5. Each of the students _____ （have）a Chinese-English dictionary.6. They each ____（have） a beautiful handkerchief.7. Many a man _____ （have）come to help us.8. He is the only one of the students who _____（be）elected.9. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____（praise）by their teacher yesterday.10. At the bottom of the hill there ____（be）a dangerous crossroads and some tall buildings.11. The kind of apples ____ well.(sell)12. Between the two roads _____ (stand）a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".写作微练1.(2020新高考Ⅰ)Last Sunday, (我们学校举行了) a five-kilometer cross-country running race.2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)(我们周围有很多人) who are well worth respecting.3.(2020课标全国Ⅰ) If possible, (我们可以和你在你的办公室见面吗) at 10 a.m. tomorrow?4.（2020全国Ⅰ）Surrounded by green trees, the farm ___________________________________ (位于……脚下) the hill near our school.5.(2020课标全国Ⅰ) I (现在写信向你求助) with our short English play adapted from our English textbook.6.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)She (已经取得了巨大成就) in her work and (赢得尊重) from her students.7..(2020新高考Ⅰ)上星期天,我们学校举行了一场五公里越野跑比赛。

高考英语专题之谓语动词一、谓语动词的定义谓语动词是句子的核心成分，用于表达句子的主语所做的动作、存在的状态或者具有的特征。

二、谓语动词的分类1. 实义动词实义动词表示具体的动作或状态，能够独立构成谓语。

例如：run（跑）， sing（唱），smile（微笑）2. 系动词系动词用来联系主语与表语，表示主语的状态或特征。

常见的系动词有：be（是，存在），seem（似乎），appear（显得）3. 助动词助动词用来辅助实义动词或系动词构成谓语，表达时态、语态、情态等语法意义。

例如：do（做），have（有），can（能）4. 情态动词情态动词用来表示说话人对某种动作或状态的态度、意愿、推测等情感色彩。

常见的情态动词有：can（能），may（可能），must（必须）三、谓语动词的用法1. 谓语动词需要与主语保持一致，根据主语的单复数和人称的不同进行变化。

例如：She runs fast.（她跑得快）They run fast.（他们跑得快）2. 实义动词的时态形式包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

系动词使用be动词的不同时态形式。

例如：She sings well.（她唱得好）He is happy.（他很快乐）3. 谓语动词可以带宾语，宾语通常位于动词之后。

例如：She reads books.（她读书）He likes coffee.（他喜欢咖啡）4. 情态动词后面接动词原形，不带to。

例如：You must study hard.（你必须努力研究）参考以上内容，我们可以更好地理解和运用谓语动词，提高高考英语的表达能力。

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