肺癌发展的关键技术英文课件

cell carcinoma).
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Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
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Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .
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Clinical Features
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
(5)Cardiac effusion
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Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.

Nursing care for lung cancer
Psychological care for lung cancer patients
01
Provide emotional support
It is essential to offer emotional support to lung cancer patients,
as they may experience anxiety, fatigue, and depression due to
the diagnosis
02
Inform and educate
It is important to provide information and education about lung
Epiology of lung cancer
Incident
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, accounting for about 13% of all cancers The incidence rate is highest in developed countries and is increasing in developing countries
situation and provide resources for coping with stress and
negative emotions
Pain management in lung cancer patients
01
Assess paint
Regularly assess patients' paint levels to identify and manage any paint they may be experiencing

• Due to local extension: chest pain,hoarseness,superior vena cava syndrome, horner’s syndrome, dysphagia, pericardial effusion,pleural effusion, diaphragm paralysis
讲课肺癌英文演示 文稿
What is Lung Cancer?
• Begins when cells in the lung grow out of control and form a tumor
Etiology and pathogenesis
• Cigarette smoking • Other factors include air
• According to histologic classification: Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) and Non-small cell
lung cancer(NSCLC). NSCLC includes Squamous cell carcinoma,
• it causes symptoms early in
• areas of scarring is associated with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma.
• Peripheral adenocarcinomas are usually wellcircumscribed, grey-white masses that rarely cavitate.
• Intercellular bridges and cellular pleomorphism
• squamous cell carcinoma usually occurs near the bronchi, the tumor can cause cough (sometimes a cough that is tinged with blood), shortness of breath, wheezing, and pneumonia in the area between the tumor and the edge of the lung

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Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental breatures
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
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Clinical features
1.Respiratory symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.: (4).Wheeze or stridor: (5).Chest pain : (6).Fever:
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Clinical features
cell carcinoma).
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Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.

PPT学习交流
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Environmental Risk Factors Alcohol
Diet and Body Mass
Non-modifiable Risk Factors Age \Race \Sex
PPT学习交流
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Types
squamous cell carcinoma,squamous epithelium of the lungs or bronchi
An individual then has a better idea of
the value of different fors that are taken into
account include the person's general
health, medical problems that may affect
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% of all primary lung cancers
The histologic distinction between nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer is extremely important. There are substantial differences between the two groups in both treatment and prognosis.
PPT学习交流
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Other symptoms that are
associated with lung
cancer include:

cell carcinoma).
Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
Clinical features
There are no symptoms of early lung cancer in some patients.
Symptoms caused by lung cancer are nonspecific:perhaps an audible wheeze or a slight cough,symptoms of infection (fever ,purulent sputum) , of obstruction (wheezing,dyspnea), or ulceration of bronchial mucosa (hemoptysis).

Clinical features
1.Respiratory symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.: (4).Wheeze or stridor: (5).Chest pain : (6).Fever:
Clinical features
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .

• Due to local extension: chest pain,hoarseness,superior vena cava syndrome, horner’s syndrome, dysphagia, pericardial effusion,pleural effusion, diaphragm paralysis
lung cancer(NSCLC). NSCLC includes Squamous cell carcinoma,
large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma.
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)
• It arises from the submucosal glands,located in peripheral airways and alveoli
• Female
large cell carcinoma
• large nuclei,prominent nucleoli,abundant cytoplsma
neuroendocrine cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of specific peptide product.they may related to paraneoplastic syndrome.
• Cells are oval or vaguely spindleshaped ,have scant cytoplasm
大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持
继续保持安静
Squamous cell carcinoma
• the most frequent form of the tumor(30-50 percent of all cases

cer Immunotherapy
Update of checkpoint
2 Inhibitors in lung cancer
therapy
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Future Outlook
Outline
1 Cancer Immunotherapy
Update of checkpoint
PD-1
▪ Inhibitory receptor
▪ Activated T cells, B cells, NK cells ▪ TILs in different tumor types
▪ Limits T-cell activity in peripheral tissue after inflammatory response
2014 2nd checkpoi nt inhibitor approved for CA
美国《Science》杂志:
2013年六大值得关注的科学领域 单细胞测序 “普朗克”探测微波背景辐射 人类连接组计划 探索南极冰下世界 癌症免疫疗法 基础植物研究
Breakthrough of year 2013
2 Inhibitors in lung cancer
therapy
3
Future Outlook
肿瘤免疫治疗—攻克肿瘤的新希望
人类抗击肿瘤的历史
进入21世纪，分子靶向 治疗如火如荼
靶向治疗
肿瘤免疫治疗具有特异性和靶向性，一直为临床医师高度关注，近年进 步显著，使得免疫治疗成为更具期待的领域
1890s 1st CA vaccine developed (coley)
▪ Regulates the early stage of T-cell activation

2.Symptoms caused by the near organs or tissue involved by tumor.
(1).Dysphagia. (2).Hoarseness. (3).Pleural effusion due to invasion of the
pleura.
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Clinical features
There are no symptoms of early lung cancer in some patients.
Symptoms caused by lung cancer are nonspecific:perhaps an audible wheeze or a slight cough,symptoms of infection (fever ,purulent sputum) , of obstruction (wheezing,dyspnea), or ulceration of bronchial mucosa (hemoptysis).
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Incidence and mortality
Bronchogenic carcinoma has increased remarkable in incidence and mortality during half of the century and has become the most frequent visceral malignant diseases of men.The mortality of lung cancer hold the first place among all kinds carcinomas.
(3) Neuropathic or myopathic disorders including polyneuritis ,cerebellar degeneration,mental abnormalitis etc

• 外科治疗的重要性
▫ 外科治疗是肺癌首选的， 主要的治疗措施
▫ 外科治疗能在最大范围内 切除病灶及引流的淋巴结 和受侵犯的临近组织，能 实现根治，是所有治疗中 效果比较显著的。
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2020/10/12
Treatment-Surgery
• 适合外科手术的患者
▫ 非小细胞肺癌I~IIIA期
如无手术禁忌，以手术为首选疗法 手术也参与一些中晚期治疗的综合治疗
Treatment
• 肺癌的治疗方法
▫ 手术 41 % ▫ 化疗 23% ▫ 放疗 11% ▫ 手术+化疗 4% ▫ 手术+化疗 3% ▫ 放化疗 12% ▫ 此外还有靶向治疗 ▫ 免疫治疗 ▫ 中药治疗等
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2020/10/12
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2020/10/12
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Treatment-Surgery
• Symptoms and signs that may suggest lung cancer include:
▫ coughing ▫ weight loss ▫ dyspnea (shortness of breath) 呼吸困难 ▫ chest pain ▫ hemoptysis (coughing up blood) 咳血 ▫ bone pain ▫ clubbing of the fingernails 杵狀指 ▫ fever ▫ fatigue ▫ superior vena cava obstruction 上腔静脉组赛 ▫ dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) 吞咽困难 ▫ wheezing 哮喘
• Up to 60% of patients have a new cough or a change in a chronic cough