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河北大学电子信息工程学院电路分析根底2021电路分析技术2007电路分析2021-2021模拟电子技术根底2021——2021-2021电子技术根底2007——2021-2021数字信号处理2021——2021-2021半导体物理学2005高等数学2006——2021控制理论与数学电子根底2006通信原理2005，2007——2021-2021通信原理、信号与系统2006微电子学根底2007微电子技术根底2006，2021自动控制理论2007——2021-2021自动控制原理2005传感器技术2007——2021-2021电磁学2007——2021-2021管理学院财政学、社会保障2007——2021电子商务2007专业综合〔行政管理专业〕2021——2021-2021 公共管理学2007——2021-2021公共管理学〔单独考试〕2007管理学2021——2021-2021行政管理综合2007西方经济学2005——2021-2021管理信息系统2007财政学2006财政学、劳动经济学2005微观经济学、管理学2005——2006会计学综合2005——2021-2021企业管理综合2007——2021-2021劳动和社会保障2006社会保障学2005信息检索2021——2021-2021情报学根底2021-2021图书馆学根底2005——2006，2021-2021信息资源建设2005——2006信息资源管理2007——2021档案学根底2021-2021公共财政与社会保障2021-2021化学与环境科学学院高等数学2007——2021高分子化学与物理2005——2006高分子化学2021-2021化学综合2006——2021〔注：2006年的试卷共7页，缺P7〕环境化学2005——2006，2021——2021-2021环境监测2021——2021-2021环境监测与环境工程2006无机化学2005——2021-2021物理化学2005——2021-2021物理化学〔结构化学〕2005——2006有机化学2005——2007，2021-2021分析化学2005，2007——2021-2021机械与建筑工程学院材料力学2021——2021-2021工程力学2006理论力学2005教育学院教育学专业根底综合〔全国统考试卷〕2007——2021-2021〔2007——2021-2021有答案〕心理学专业根底综合〔全国统考试卷〕2007——2021-2021〔2007——2021-2021有答案〕教与学的根本理论2007——2021-2021比拟教育学2005开展与教育心理学专业综合考试2005教育管理学2005教育技术学2005——2021-2021教育学〔比拟教育学专业〕2005教育学〔教育史专业〕2005教育学〔教育原理专业〕2005教育学综合2006教育原理2005心理学概论2005——2006，2021——2021-2021心理学研究方法2006，2021——2021-2021信息技术教育应用2005中外教育史2005——2006经济学院人口学2021人口学理论2005——2007，2021-2021统计学2005人口统计学2005〔注：本试卷共2页，缺P2〕西方经济学2005——2021-2021政治经济学与西方经济学2007——2021-2021西方经济学与政治经济学2005——2006政经与西经2005货币银行学2005人口、资源与环境经济学2005社会学理论2007人文学院语言学根底2007——2021文学根底2007——2021-2021汉语言根底2021-2021古代汉语2006古代汉语〔汉语言文字学专业〕2005，2021-2021〔注：2005共2页，缺P1〕古代汉语〔中国古典文献学专业〕2005古代汉语、现代汉语2006古代汉语与文献2006，2021-2021古代文学与外国文学2005文学批评2005文艺理论2005——2006文学理论2021-2021现代汉语与古代汉语2005〔注：本卷共2页，缺P1〕现代汉语与语言理论2005——2006语言学理论2005中国古代文学2006，2021-2021中国现当代文学2005——2006，2021-2021中国文学史〔中国古代文学专业〕2005中国文学史〔中国古典文献学专业〕2005综合〔中国古代文学专业〕2005〔注：本卷共2页，缺P1〕综合课〔中国语言文学所有专业〕2006历史学专业根底〔全国统考试卷〕2007——2021历史学根底2021-2021史学概论2005历史综合〔中国近现代史专业〕2006历史综合〔专门史专业〕2006古代汉语〔历史学、中国古代史专业〕2005中国古代史2005——2006中国近代史2005中国近现代史2006中国通史2005——2006中国现代史2005东北亚国际关系史2003年复试试卷宋辽夏金史方向2003年复试试卷中国古代经济史方向2003年复试试卷中国古代政法史方向2003年复试试卷中国古代史专业同等学力考生加试题2003年复试试卷中国古代史专业2003年复试试卷中国古代史专业同等学力考生加试?中国通史?试卷中国古代史专业同等学力考生加试?史学导论?试卷中国近现代史专业2003年复试试卷生命科学学院生态学2006——2021-2021生物化学2005——2021-2021生物学综合2006——2021-2021微生物学2005，2007——2021〔注：2005年试卷共2页，缺P2〕细胞生物学2005植物生物学2005动物生态学2005普通动物学2005普通昆虫学2005有机化学2005——2021数学与计算机学院高等代数与解析几何2005——2021-2021数学分析2005——2021-2021数据结构与操作系统2005——2021外国语学院二外法语2005——2021-2021二外日语2005——2021-2021英语语言技能综合2007——2021-2021英语语言知识综合2021——2021-2021英语知识综合2007语言学根底2021——2021-2021语言学根底理论2007根底英语2005——2006翻译与写作2005——2006二外英语2005，2007——2021-2021日语综合2021——2021-2021〔2021-2021缺第三页〕日本语知识综合2007日语技能综合2021日语语言技能综合2007根底日语2005综合日语2005——2006物理科学与技术学院电动力学2006——2021-2021高等数学2005——2021-2021光学2005——2021-2021量子力学2005——2021-2021电磁学2007——2021-2021普通物理2021-2021新闻传播学院文史综合2005——2021〔2021为回忆版〕传播理论与实务2005新闻传播学〔传播学〕2006新闻传播综合2006——2021〔2021为回忆版〕新闻学综合2005药学学院分析化学2005，2007——2021-2021药物分析2005，2007——2021-2021药物化学2007，2021-2021有机化学2006——2021-2021〔2021-2021共4页缺2页〕综合化学2005生物化学〔药〕2021-2021艺术学院中外美术史2007——2021-2021美学2005——2021-2021设计学概论2005，2021——2021-2021艺术概论2007——2021-2021艺术设计概论2007艺术设计理论2005——2006，2021——2021-2021艺术设计史2006——2007艺术学2005——2021-2021音乐技术理论2006——2021音乐理论2005音乐学理论2006——2021影视艺术教育2007——2021-2021视听语言2007——2021-2021政法学院政治学原理2007——2021-2021专业综合〔政治学专业〕2021法律根底2005法学根底2005伦理学2005马克思主义开展史2007马克思主义根本原理2007——2021-2021马克思主义原理2005——2006马克思主义哲学2006——2007，2021-2021马克思主义哲学〔哲学学科、马克思主义哲学专业〕2005 马克思主义哲学〔中国哲学专业〕2005马克思主义哲学原理2021毛泽东思想与邓小平理论概论2005——2006，2021-2021 邓小平理论与毛泽东思想概论2021邓小平理论与毛泽东思想2007当代中国政治与政府,政治社会学2007民商法2005诉讼法2005宪法与行政法2005行政法与行政诉讼法学2006法学综合二〔含刑法、刑事诉讼法、经济法〕2021——2021-2021法学综合一〔含法理、宪法学、民法〕2021——2021-2021理论法学〔法理学、宪法学〕2006——2007应用法学〔民法、刑法〕〔法学理论、宪法学与行政法学、民商法学、刑法学、经济法学、诉讼法学专业〕2007〔本卷共3页，缺P3〕应用法学〔法学、民商法专业〕2006应用法学〔诉讼法专业〕2006逻辑学2021——2021-2021哲学史〔马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、伦理学专业〕2007哲学史〔伦理学专业〕2005哲学史〔哲学学科、马克思主义哲学专业〕2005中西哲学史2021中国哲学史2005哲学综合2021-2021综合考试〔西方哲学局部〕2006社会学理论2007——2021-2021社会学研究方法2007——2021-2021公共管理学2007——2021-2021公共管理学〔单独考试〕2007专业根底课〔法律硕士〕2007综合课〔法律硕士〕2007当代中国政治与政府政治社会学2021-2021质检学院传感器技术2007——2021-2021电子技术根底2007——2021-2021。
2011年河北工业大学（国际商务专业基础）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg /> 在四大要素之外还存在两大变数：政府与机会。
机会是无法控制的，政府政策的影响是不可漠视的。
论述题12．试述后危机时代国际经济发展的新趋势、新特点?在国际经济发展的新背景下，中国经济发展将面临的机遇和挑战?正确答案：后危机时代国际经济发展的新趋势、新特点：一是国际金融危机深层次影响继续显现，世界经济发展方式酝酿新的重大变革。
金融危机是世界经济一度陷入严重的衰退，目前经济开始企稳回升，但深层次问题并未根本解决，金融危机加速了经济发展方式的转变，为世界经济带来新的机遇和增长点。
各国着眼于后危机时代的发展趋势，加紧调整各自经济增长和发展战略，力争在未来综合国力竞争中占据主动。
二是国际经济体系进入改革和构建的重要时期，向更加公正合理的国际秩序呼声更加强烈。
金融危机使现行经济金融体系的弊端暴露无疑，改革成为普遍共识，20国集团，国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际机构改革迈出重要步伐，全球经济治理机制逐步向着更具代表性，更加公平、高效的方向发展。
但国际经济体系改革十分复杂，改革的进程将是漫长而曲折的。
三是国际力量对比格局出现新的此消彼涨。
发展中国家整体实力继续上升，发展中大国日益成为全球经济增长的重要引擎。
这有利于推动世界格局朝着相对均衡的方向发展，但发展中国家经济社会发展水平仍然相对滞后，实现发展经济消除贫困的目标任重而道远。
四是国际关系进入新一轮的调整互动期，围绕全球性问题的国际合作不断深化，气侯变化，能源资源安全，粮食安全，国际卫生安全等全球性问题更加突出。
任何国家都无法单独应对越来越多的国家认识到冷战思维、零和博弈等事项不合时宜，同舟共济互利共盈才是生存和发展之道路，在竞争中合作，在合作中发展，成为处理相互关系的普遍的共识。
在国际经济发展的新背景下，中国经济发展将面临的机遇和挑战挑战：(1)国家干预和贸易保护可能在较长一段时间盛行。
（完整版）各大名校经济学综合考博试题宏观经济学试题人民大学2012年考博试题1、什么是资本黄金水平？如何判断一国资本处在大于或小于资本黄金水平？中国资本积累过高，我国采取哪些来影响资本积累过高？2、“流动性陷阱”约束下的货币扩张性影响？3、新古典经济学（NEC）怎样说明政策的无效性？政治经济学：1.资本论中的经济危机理论2.为什么说资本主义生产过程是劳动过程和价值增值过程的统一3.什么是平均利润。
其形成机制是什么。
对产业接哦故的影响微观经济学1.根据效用函数求支出函数和希克斯需求曲线2.一个实证分析关于酒精饮料的需求价格弹性对它征税相关的酒精饮料为什么理论上需求弹性低。
为什么库克的回归结果弹性是-1.8。
对它征税有没有用应该用什么政策宏观经济学1.论述从哈罗德多马到索罗模型到新增长模型的现代增长理论发展趋势2.关于货币和通货膨胀的关系，货币主义和凯恩斯主义的观点有什么区别，为什么又这些区别经济学说史1.为什么说配第是英国古典政治经济学的第一人2.评述魁奈的经济表3.评述和比较西斯蒙第和马尔萨斯的经济危机理论。
2013年人大考博经济学院专业试题：考博考了高微高宏、专业课、还有政经。
宏观：1.从哈罗德多马模型到索罗模型到新增长理论，现代经济增长理论的发展趋向是什么？2.在货币与通货膨胀关系上，货币主义与凯恩斯主义有什么区别？为什么？高微：考了希克斯需求和支出函数的计算，以及需求价格弹性。
不难专业课出了三道大题：1. 中国宏观经济政策是怎样调控中国经济周期的2. 中国城镇化发展模式与政府职能转变之间的关系3. 预测经济增长有哪些工具和方法，这些方法有什么优点和缺点？决定经济增长的因素有哪些？我国经济增长速度在2012为什么放缓？北大西方经济学2010（回忆版）微观经济学部分（25）1、公共品问题（请参加刘文析教授的讲课或者是人大版高鸿业书中刘文析教授编写的部分）2、微观厂商的最优生产问题，计算题宏观经济学（25）所有的宏观经济学题目都来自罗默宏观经济学课本！！1、索洛模型达到了均衡点以后的问题，储蓄率的变动引起的一系列变化，需要画图2、拉姆齐模型，推导家庭最优化行为浙江大学2003年春西方经济学1、计算题：宏观两部门2、简答题：－奥肯定理－若伦茨曲线与基尼系数－成本递减行业的长期供给曲线－3、论述题－通货紧缩论－道德风险与逆向选择南京大学2005年博士研究生入学试题西方经济学研究：分宏观和微观两部分，每部分50分宏观经济学部分：一、已知投资曲线：I=I0--h *i ，货币需求曲线为L=KY-bi 消费曲线为：C=C0+C*Y，运用IS-LM模型通过计算说明：（20分）（1）财政政策和货币政策影响总需求的因素包括那些？（2）上述因素的影响程度如何？二、写出生命周期理论中饱含财富因素的消费函数表达式，并分析（1）当财富、预期收入增加时给消费带来的影响。
人大商学院2002-2010经济学博士入学试题时间：2002年1、论市场经济理论与实践（50分）2、入世与我国产业结构调整（50分）时间：2003年1、分析通货紧缩的成因及治理对策（40分）2、试析中国大陆对外开放政策的经济含义（30分）3、试论国有经济管理体制改革与经济发展的关系（30分）时间：2004年1、论述经济活动中边际效益递增的条件和选择策略（25分）2、试述技术变革对市场结构的影响（25分）3、试分析我国经济高速增长下劳动工资趋向（25分）4、试分析我国生产要素总供给和总需求及当前经济情况（25分）时间：2005年1、试分析周期理论主要流派（25分）2、试用结构—行为—绩效框架分析我国市场经济结构及其效应（25分）3、试用社会成本、企业成本（私人成本）和**矫正外部性政策原理，论述循环经济与可持续发展的关系（25分）4、运用规模经济原理论述企业成长中进行收购和兼并的经济效益（25分）时间：2006年1、论述垄断竞争市场的特点及其资源配置2、论述熊彼特的周期理论，并分析我国多数产业产能过剩的原因及影响3、论述技术变革对生产函数、成本函数的影响，利用微笑理论曲线论述技术变革的作用4、论述在市场经济条件下，一国的国际收支能够做到自动调节时间：2007年1、现代经济学中关于企业的理论2、全球化与信息化对民族企业的影响3、用效用理论分析价格和品质变化对竞争力的影响4、IS—LM—BP模型分析宏观政策对企业的影响时间：2008年1、什么叫沉没成本，其对企业决策有何影响2、财政政策及货币政策的互动关系3、根据均衡理论，解释国家支持价格和抑制价格的手段和效应4、用帕累托改进原理，分析我国改革30年经济成就的经验时间：2009年1、给出某商品在价格为40元时，需求量为12单元，请问当价格为60元时，其需求变化情况，要求用中点式方法，计算需求价格弹性E＝0，0<E<1，E＝1，E>1时需求量的变化情况，对于0<E<1，E>1时这两种情况具体数值考生可以自己设定，然后计算弹性值和需求量，并说明在每个弹性区间需求量的变化情况。
《国际经济学》学位考试试题（参考答案见题后）一、单项选择题1、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想2、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。
A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力3、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。
A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策4、沿着外凸的生产可能性边界线向下移动时，随着一种物品产量的增加，生产该物品的机会成本将会（B）。
A. 保持不变B. 增加C. 减少D. 无法确定5、晚期的重商主义理论又被称为（D）。
A. 货币差额论B. 重农主义C. 重工主义D. 贸易差额论6、英国经济学家亚当。
斯密在1776年出版的《国富论》中提出了（A）A．绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C. 货币差额论 D.保护贸易理论7、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 ( A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想8、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。
A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力9、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。
A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策10、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。
A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势11、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想12、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。
A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势13、以下几种外币资产中，不是外汇的是( D )A. 美元B. 英镑C. 港元D. 越南盾14、要素价格均等化定理是（C）。
Part I Grammar and Vocabulary(15%)1.He______his children nothing and gave them everything they wanted,which spoiled the children.A)disagreed B)rejected C)declined D)denied2.The new apartment house that was built a few months ago is large enough to______over two hundred people.A)accommodate B)settle C)live D)share3.Despite______,it did a great deal of good work inside the trade union.A)mistakes and weaknessesB)of mistakes and weaknessesC)it had mistakes and weaknessesD)there were mistakes and weaknesses4.She isn't rich;______that she will ever be.A)and I imagine B)and do I imagine C)nor I imagine D)nor do I imagine5.It is an almost universal truth______the more we are promoted in a job,the less we actually exercise the skills weinitially used to perform itA)that B)which C)what D)as6.Think carefully before you answer his questions.You may be trapped______vital information.A)giving away B)to give away C)into giving away D)give away7.Marianne was tempted to turn the large rooms into traditional French-style salons,______Howard was in favorof a typically English look.A)when B)which C)where D)while8.The school has very good teachers,but when it comes______its buildings,the school is poor.A)to renovate B)to renovating C)for renovating D)as renovate9.That book is worth at Least$15,but we could let you have it______$10.A)for B)by C)at D)on10.Though be worked part time after class,his exam results are______above average.A)away B)too C)very D)way?11.Tommy talks about pyramids as though he______them himself.A)sees B)has seen C)is seeing D)had seen12.Non-gaseous substances which______naturally as pure elements,such as gold,are rare and are often highly valued.A)happen B)occur C)perceive D)assume13.______the government's record on unemployment,their chances of winning the election look poor.A)Give B)Giving C)Given D)To give14.A sacred site might be a mountain that is______some significance to a tribe.A)with B)by C)of D)at15.He said ft was important that every member______his subscription by the end of the month.A)send B)sent C)had sent D)would sentPart II Reading Comprehension(25%)Directions:There are5passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)B)C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions16to20are based on the following passage:Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through the hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor.If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is atrue colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized(分散的)nursing administration.Every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses.In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising,and they make salary recommendations.Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital.She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.16.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?A)The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B)Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C)The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D)The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.17.It can be inferred from the passage that______.A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient.B)in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC)in most hospitals nurses get low salariesD)compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital18.A primary nurse can propose different approach of treatment when______.A)the present one is refused by the patientB)the patient complains about the present oneC)the present one proves to be ineffectiveD)the patient is found unwilling to cooperate19.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former______.A)is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB)has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC)can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient.D)has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses.20.The author's attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is______.A)negative B)neutral C)critical D)positiveQuestions21to25are based on the following passage:The quality of university life is declining under strain from the higher education,leading independent schools in British complied.The warning followed survey of the impressions of campus life gained by students of school. Poor interviewing of the applicants,infrequent contacts with tutors,worries over student safety,and even complaint over the food were seen as symptoms of the pressure on universities.Head teachers said that standards could well drop if the squeeze on universities budgets continued.A survey was carried out because of fears that the level of green area in universities had declined.A great number of student suicides had raised concerns among head teachers.Although most of the6,000students surveyed were enjoying university life,almost a third were less than satisfied with their course.About one in10had serious financial problems and some give alarming accounts of conditions around their halls of their residence.Incidents mentioned included a fatal stabbing and shooting outside a hall of residence,the petrol bombing of cars near another residence,and two racist attacks.Nine percent of women and seven percent of men rated security as unsatisfactory in the area where they lived.Stanford University had the lowest satisfaction ncaster and Kinston universities were rated the safest.The survey confirmed head teachers'fears about contact between students and tutors slipping,with a quarter of the students seeing their tutors only every three weeks.New students,used to regular contact with their teachers, found it hard to adapt to the change.Interview techniques were a cause for concern,with the school calling for more training of the university staff involved in admissions.Some headmasters complained that interviews were increasingly“odd”.One greeted an applicant by throwing him an apple.Another interview lasted only three minutes. About a quarter of the students found the workload at university heavier than they had expected.Imperial College London,Oxford,and Cambridge universities registered by far the highest workload.There were differences between subjects,with architectures,engineering,veterinary science,medicine and some science subjects demanding the most work.Veterinary science was nevertheless the most popular subject,followed byphysiotherapy and history of art.General engineering,economics,computing and sociology were the least popular. The survey also confirmed that previous concerns about possible racial prejudice in admissions to medical courses. Applicants with names suggesting an ethnic minority background had been rejected with qualifications as good as successful white candidates.21.According to the passage,the main problem existing in the interview of admission is that______.A)the interviewers often greeted the applicants by throwing an appleB)the interviewers spent only a few minutes interviewing an applicantC)the interviewers were not knowledgeable to interview the applicantsD)the interviewers lack enough training and interview techniques22.From the passage,we can learn that______.A)most students surveyed were satisfied with university lifeB)many head teachers were killed by the students in universityC)veterinary science was popular for its workload was lightD)students were worried about the squeeze on university budgets23.From the passage,we can see that the author's description of the quality of university life in British is______.A)objectiveB)subjectiveC)pessimisticD)arbitrary24.Among the following,which is the proper statement of the status of the student’s security?A)Fatal stabbing and shooting often happened outside the hall of residence.B)The students in British were so worried about their security in university.C)Students were often watchful against people around their halls of residence.D)The status of students’security in Stanford University might be awful.25.From the passage,we can infer that in high school,students______?A)were never worried about their securityB)had regular contact with their tutorsC)were often dissatisfied with their courseD)were worried about their entrance examQuestions26to30are based on the following passage:Many stray dogs and cats wander in the streets of the ually they end up in animal shelters,where staffs must find ways to dispose of them.One legitimate disposal route has been the research lab.But in California, animal rights groups recently have been learning(leaning)hard on animal shelters,effectively cutting off much of the supply.About30years ago,Los Angeles voters defeated a proposal to prohibit the release of the animals for the laboratory use.But today,with new proposals being submitted to city councils and country boards,the result could be well different.And the new proposals are much more sweeping.They would create review boards for all animal experimentation.A group of California investigators even have organized a committee for animal research in medicine.“Most scientists don’t realize the danger,”ways Caltech neurobiologist John M.Allman,who uses monkeys to study the organization of the brain.“Such movements in the past---in this country,at least—have largely been the efforts of small,fragmented and relatively ineffective groups.But this new movement is carefully orchestrated,well organized,and well financed.”it is easy to look at the history of animal experimentation and compile a catalog of horrors.But the day is long past when a researcher can take animal and do anything he pleases to it with a total disregard for its welfare and comfort.“People don’t realize,”says Allman,“that we are already extensively reviewed.In my work I must follow the ethical codes laid down by the National Institute of Health and the American Physiological Society,among others.And we might have a surprise visit at any time from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s inspectors.It’s the USDA field veterinarians who do the enforcing.Believe me,these inspections are anything,but routine,and these fellows have a great deal of power.Because their reports can adversely affect federal funding,their recommendations are,in reality,orders.”It is important that the animal rights advocates do not impose their solutions on society.It would be tragic indeed---when medical science is close to learning so much more that is very useful to our health and welfare---ifalready regulation-burdened and budget-restrained researchers were further hampered.I wander about those purists who seek to halt all animal experimentation on moral grounds:Do they also refuse,for themselves and others,to accept any remedy—or information—that gained through animal experimentation?And do they have the right to make such decisions on behalf of all patients in cancer wards?26.According to Para.2,which of the following statements is true?A)People in Los Angeles voted against sending animals to lab30years ago.B)People in Los Angeles voted for sending animals to animal shelters30years ago.C)People in Los Angeles hold the same attitudes toward the laboratory use of animals as30years ago.D)The attitude of people in Los Angeles toward the laboratory use of animals has changed in the past30yes.27.What does the word“orchestrated”in Para.3most probably mean?A)Arranged.B)Performed.C)Held.D)Formed.28.The following organizations may have strong influence on animal experimentation in Los Angeles except____.A)National Institute of Health B)American Physiological SocietyC)U.S.Department of Agriculture D)City Council29.If animal rights advocates realize their ideas on the experimentation,what will happen?A)The scientists are sure to gain more research results.B)It may help the scientists to gain more financial did.C)The government may choose their regulation of the experimentation.D)The development of medical science may slow down.30.What’s the author’s attitude towards people who oppose animal experimentation?A)Supportive.B)Opposite.C)Indifferent.D)unclear.Questions31to35are based on the following passage:Most people would agree that,although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge,there is no corresponding increase in wisdom.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom”and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom.Of these I should put first a sense of proportion:the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians.Suppose,for example,that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine.The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind.You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine.You succeed(let us say)as modern medicine has succeeded,in enormously lowering the infant death-rate,not only in Europe and America,but also in Asia and Africa.This has the entirely unintended result of making food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations.To take an even more dramatic example,which is in everybody’s mind at the present time:you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore,with every increase of knowledge and skill,wisdom becomes more necessary,for every such increase augments(增强)our capacity for realizing our purposes,and therefore augments our capacity for evil,if our purposes are unwise.31.Disagreement arises when people try to decide______.A)how much more wisdom we have now than beforeB)what wisdom is and how to develop itC)if there is a great increase of wisdom in our ageD)whether wisdom can be developed or not32.According to the author,“wisdom”is the ability to______.A)carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research workB)give each important problem some careful considerationC)acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledgeD)give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem33.Lowering the infant death-rate may_______.A)prove to be helpful everywhere in the worldB)give rise to an increase m population in EuropeC)cause food shortages in Asia and AfricaD)raise the living standard of the people in Africa34.The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that______.A)it's extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in a problemB)success in medical research has its negative effectsC)scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human raceD)it's unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine35.What is the main idea of the passage?A)It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the lands of a.powerful mad man.B)The more knowledge one has,the wiser one becomes.C)Any Increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.D)Wisdom increases in proportion to one's age.Questions36to40are based on the following passage:Looking back on my childhood,I am convinced that naturalist are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way,my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects.Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages.I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary.I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in,of my room and my toys.Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts,uncles and cousins who gathered next door.But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs,the farm animals,the local birds,and above all,the insects.I am a naturalist,not a scientist.I have a strong love for the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations.I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries.Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind.Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle,because it all seems to fit together.This has resulted in my publishing300papers and books,which some might be honored with the title of scientific research.But curiosity,a keen eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline,a quality I lack.A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training,determination and a goal.A scientist,up to a point,can be made.A naturalist is born.If you can combine the two,you get the best of both worlds.36.The first paragraph tells us the author______.A)was interested in flowers and insects in his childhoodB)lost his hearing when he was a childC)didn't like Ms brothers and sistersD)was born to a naturalist's family37.The author can't remember his relatives clearly because______.A)he didn't live very long with themB)the family was extremely largeC)he was too young when he lived with themD)he was fully occupied with observing nature38.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was______.A)a scientist as well as a naturalistB)not a naturalist but a scientistC)no more than a born naturalistD)first of all a scientist39.The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he______.A)has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticB)lacks some of the qualities required of a scientistC)just reads about other people's observations and discoveriesD)comes up with solutions in a most natural way40.According to the author,a born naturalist should first of all be______.A)full of ambition B)knowledgeableC)full of enthusiasm D)self-disciplinedTranslate the following sentences into Chinese(25%)41.Let's hope our educators answer students'cries for career education,but at the same time let's ensure thatstudents are prepared for the day when they realize their short-sightedness.There is a lot more to life than job.42.The Olympics remains the most pure example of competition for the sake of competition itself.Athletessacrifice their careers and bodies risking injury,defeat and complete failure to compete for nothing more than honor for their country and themselves.43.Once you turn on a new leaf,you can't expect to change completely right away.You are bound to fluctuate attimes.The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement,expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change.44.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically,one should lead a balanced life.Those little things---reading mystery novels,playing volleyball.Spending time with family and friends---may seem relatively insignificant means to a healthy end.But,they can be at least rewarding.45.Excluding someone because he or she has a disability that does not affect performance is equivalent to wrongssuch as hiring based on race.Everyone deserves to have the opportunity to do a good job,and as a result have a sense of pride in being a part of society.Part IV Writing(15points)46.Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Turn to Education for Prosperity.You should write at least150words and you should base your composition onthe outline(given in Chinese)below:1.教育的作用和意义。
一、简述题1、简述技术差距模型和产品周期理论。
（一）技术差距模型技术差距模型由波斯纳（Posner）于1961年在《国际贸易和技术变化》一文中提出。
波斯纳认为技术差距是国家间开展贸易的一个重要原因，一国的技术优势使其在获得出口市场方面占有优势，当一国创新某种产品成功后，在国外掌握该项技术之前产生了技术领先差距，因此可出口技术领先产品。
但因新技术会随着专利权转让、技术合作、对外投资、国际贸易等途径流传到国外，当一国创新的技术为外国模仿时，外国即可自行生产而减少进口，创新国渐渐失去该产品的出口市场，因技术差距产生的国际贸易逐渐压缩。
随着时间的推移，新技术最终将被技术模仿国掌握，使技术差距消失。
贸易即持续到技术模仿国能够生产出满足其对该产品的全部需求的时候。
由于技术差距产生的贸易格局是：技术创新的发达国家出口创新产品，进口传统产品；落后国家进口创新产品，出口传统产品。
（二）弗农的产品生命周期理论1966 年哈佛大学教授雷蒙德�弗农（Raymand Vernon，1966）在《产品周期中的国际贸易和国际投资》一文中提出了产品生命周期理论，而后威尔士（Wells）又进行了扩展，具体而深刻地论证了“技术决定国际贸易格局”的观点。
弗农把国家依次分成创新国（一般为最发达国家）、次发达国家、发展中国家。
把产品生命周期分为三个阶段，即新产品阶段，成熟产品阶段和标准化产品阶段。
在新产品阶段，创新国利用其拥有的垄断技术优势，开发新产品，由于产品尚未完全成型，技术上未加完善，加之竞争者少，国内市场就能满足其摄取高额利润的要求等，产品极少出口到其他国家，绝大部分产品都在国内销售。
而在成熟产品阶段，由于创新国技术垄断和市场垄断地位的打破，竞争者增加，市场竞争激烈，替代产品增多，产品的附加值不断降低，企业越来越重视产品成本的下降，拥有较低的成本的企业开始处于越来越有利的地位，且创新国和次发达国家市场开始出现饱和，为降低成本，抑制国内外竞争者，企业纷纷到发展中国家投资建厂。
《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案（一）一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 20 分)1.要素禀赋：亦即要素的丰裕程度，是指在不同国家之间，由于要素的稀缺程度不同所导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。
赫克歇尔—俄林定理认为，要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础.2.倾销:指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品，并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为。
3.黄金输送点:黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点，是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限，它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度.4。
三元悖论：也称为三元冲突理论，即在开放经济条件下，货币政策的独立性、汇率的稳定性和资本的自由流动三个目标不可能同时实现,各国只能选择其中对自己有利的两个目标。
二、单项选择题2。
根据相互需求原理，两国均衡的交换比例取决于( C )A 两国的绝对优势B 两国的比较优势C 两国的相对需求强度D 两国的要素禀赋3.在当今的国际贸易格局中,产业内贸易更容易发生于( B ）A 发展中国家与发达国家B 发达国家与发达国家C 发展中国家与发展中国家D 发展中国家和最不发达国家4.课征关税会增加生产者剩余，减少消费者剩余，社会总福利的变化将（ B ）A 上升B 降低C 不变D 不确定5。
以下选项中，哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念？（ C ）A 外国企业B 非盈利机构C 国际经济组织D 政府7.布雷顿森林体系创立了（ B )A 以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度B 以美元为中心的固定汇率制度C 以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度D 以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度8.在下列投资方式中，属于国际间接投资的是（ D )A 在国外设立分公司B 在国外设立独资企业C 在国外设立合资企业D 购买国外企业债券9.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括（ C )A 技术转让B 信息交流C 信息回授D 示范效应10。
在斯图旺表中第三象限表示（ C )A 通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存B 衰退与国际收支顺差并存C 衰退与国际收支逆差并存D 通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存三、判断正误题1.亚当。
一、名词解释（6分/30分）1.边际报酬递减规律2.纳什均衡3.政府购买乘数二、简答题（15分/45分）1.画图分析说明：完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线是平均可变成本曲线的最低点以上的边际成本。
2.在哈罗德—多马模型中，如果实际增长率与有保证的增加率不相等，分析会出现什么情况？三、计算题（15分）假设在一个只有家庭和企业的二部门经济中，消费函数c=50+0.8y，投资函数i=150-400r，名义货币供给量M=150，货币需求方程L=0.2y-100r（单位都是亿美元）。
设价格水平P=1。
1）求IS和LM方程2）求商品市场和货币市场同时均衡时利率和收入。
四、论述题（30分/60分）1.论述完全竞争的市场机制符合帕累托最优状态。
一．名词解释（5分/15分）1.边际报酬递减规律2.资本的边际效率3.投资乘数二、简答和计算题（12分/36分）1.简述垄断厂商的短期均衡条件并画图说明短期均衡情况下垄断厂商获得利润的情况。
2.根据新古典增长理论，画图并分析储蓄率增加对经济稳态的影响。
3.假设一个只有家庭和企业的二部门经济中，消费c=150+0.8y，投资i=100-6r，货币供给m=150，货币需求L=0.2y-4r（单位都是亿美元）。
1）求IS和LM曲线2）求商品市场和货币市场同时均衡时的利率、收入、消费和投资。
三、论述题（24分）画图分析吉芬商品的替代效应和收入效应，以及在此基础上推导出的吉芬商品的需求曲线一、名词解释（5分/30分）1.需求函数2.消费者均衡3.生产者剩余4.资本的边际效率5.需求拉动型通货膨胀6.内在稳定器二、简答题（10分/40分）1.简述完全竞争条件下厂商的最优生产要素组合条件2.简述完全竞争市场的条件3.简析在新古典经济增长模型中，储蓄率的变动对经济的影响4.简述中央银行的主要货币政策工具三、计算题（10分/40分）1.已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为Q=60-2P，供给函数Q=-40+8P，求均衡价格和均衡数量。
