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2009年全国大学生英语竞赛C类试题及答案Part II V ocabulary and Structure(10 minutes,15 marks)31.The businessmen discussed the contract_____________but never actually signed anything.A.at length .B.at sea .C.at randon.D.at will.32.Accustomed to the coffee from Columbia________Governor John said that ________coffee should always be strong.A./;a.B.the;a.C.a;a.D./;/.33._________a well-balanced diet,________adequate sleep ,is needed for good health.A.Alongside;with.B.Not only;but.C.Attached;to .D.Due to;so34._________very familiar with inspection reports, I realized that some pages of this one were missing.A.To beB.That wasC.BeingD.So was35.If you have not signed a contract, you are under no _________ to pay them any money.A.responsibilityB.liabilityC.circumstanceD.obligation36.As the market was _________ goods, the economy became more balanced , and inflation went down.A.speculated onB.subscribed forC.saturated withD.submitted to37.Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleased that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on _________ flights within the continental United States.A. economicalB. commercialC. globalD. internal38.The new CEO asked that all inter-office communications ________ in writing rather than in person , _________ possible.A.have been made; whoeverB.would be made; whicheverC.be made ; wheneverD.stage bare of scenery39.Written to be performed on a __________,Thornton Wilder’s play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community.A.stage scenery of bareB.bare of stage sceneryC.scenery bare of stageD.stage bare of scenery40.____________ school policy , the students had a holiday between Chritmas and the New Year.A.On behalf ofB.With regard toC.In line withD.In case of41.To sell the house , we made a __________ to the buyer by agreeing to puta new roof on it.A.considerationmissionC.concessionD.confirmation42.Never before _________ available for quick and easy acess in so many different fields of study.A.so much free information wereB.has so much free information beenC.were so much free informationD.so much free information has been43.The computer company announced that the new solfware __________ in the first half of next year.A.be releasedB.will have releasedC.would have releasedD.was going to be released44.Tina: A group of us are going boeling on Tuesday night. Would you like to join us?Joe : I really would , but unfortunately I have a tennis lesson.Tina : Oh, that’s too b ad. _________Joe : Yes, for sure. Thanks for the offer.A.How do you deal with that ?B.Maybe another time then ?C.When will you come back ?D.Don’t you really like bowling ?45.George : Hey, Agnes . How did the Human Resourc es meeting go ?I couldn’t make it because I was out at a sales conference.Agnes : Oh, George . __________ It turned into a major argument.George : Really ?A .Glad you’re back now.B.You’re lucky to have missed it.C.Nice to see you again.D.You’re just on time.Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks )In this section , there is one passage followed by five question. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .You should decide on the best choice, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When e-mail first came into general use about fifteen years ago, there was a lot of talk about the imminent arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communications .According to communicate ions analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as increase in paper as a result of e-mail.” Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be distributed in the hundres.For those secretaries whose books ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their intrays, this means using up a great deal of paperevery month ,”Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, as are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mails and by fax or “snail mail”-though the post .This highlightsafuther postential problem with e-mail in today’s offices-it is taking up time rather than saving it.“With e-mail, communication is much easier ,but there is also more room for misunderstrandings,”says psaychologist Dr David Lewis Generally ,much lsee care is take with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the the documents and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increase misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail” –abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages .Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase .E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing workplace frustration because is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in order ways .Staff all too often make the mistake of thinking that the condense of an e-mail ,like things said over the phone ,are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at last two years , so you might want to rethink e-mailing your frustrations about your job to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office .It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make life easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for business of all sizes. But perhaps, for the time being ,the fact that in the business word 70persent of all documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all.46.Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?A.People write more memos than they used to.B.Maybe secretaries keep paper copies of everything their bosses send and receive .C.Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper .D.Staff leave messagers lying around their offices.47.What dose Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph Two?A.It is not an appropriate channel for sending important informationB.It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices.C.It is not popular with many secretaries.48.How does David Lewis feel about e-mail messages?A.Many of them are not well written .B.Many of them are too long .C.Many of them are not printed out.D.Many of them are never read49.Why should employees not use company e-mail systems for personal messages?A.Because company e-mail systems are not easy to use.B.Because the people the messages sent to can’t.C.Because they allow people to express their anger immediately.D.Because e-mail is not a private means of communication.50.What dose the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph?A.It has already made life a lot easier for many business.B.It is not being used enough in business today.C.It will never replace written communication.D.It is really useful when people use it properly.Section B(10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five incomplete sentences. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the sentences in a maximum of there words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is well known that some cultures prefer sons to daughters. In contrast, surveys have revealed that some people would rather have a daughter than a son. Apparently, each of these preference has its explanation in the local culture . Around the world , people who prefer sons have similar reasons .In many countries , sons are valued because they can work and contribute to the family income . Also , sons will be able to support their parents when the parents are old . In some cultures , sons are important because they enable the family name to continue for another generation . This is because the wife in these cultures takes her husband’s family name , and more or less “belongs ”to the husband’s family . In addition , having a daughter can sometimes cause difficult for a family . In India , for example , having a daughter can be a burden because the family has to pay a dowry when the girl gets married .Generally ,people think traditional cultures are the ones in which boys are preferred . Research seems to support this belief . However , according to a survey conducted in 2000, people in the Czech Republic , Lithuania , Portugal , and the Caribbean prefer to have daughters . The researchers said that parents in these societies do not need to have the same economic situation that existsin other countries , so they do not need to have a son to help make money . Instead , families in these countries want daughters for emotional reasons . Many mothers think they will have a better relationship with a daughter than a son , for example . In addition ,they think daughters will take better care of them when they are old .In Japan , a similar trend has emerged . This might come as a surprise to some , because only one generation ago , the Japanese favored sons . In1982 , over half of Japanese couples surveyed would want a boy if they could have only one child . A survey done in 1997 , on the other hand , found that 75 percent wanted a girl !Some Japanese couples say they want to have daughters because they think daughters are cuter and easier to raise . Japanese couples also worry about being taken care of when they are old . If they have to live with their children when they are very old , many Japanese parents would want to live with a daughter . “A sons wife would be a stranger and harder to ask for help ,” one Japanese mother said .Critics warn that preference for a daughter is just as bad as preference for a son . “Instead of valuing children for the social roles they are expected to fill , parents must learn to value children as individuals ,” cri tics say . when that is the case, parents will be equally pleased with a son or daughter . Questions:51. The reasons that parents prefer to have sons are to continue____ , toHelp earn money for the family , and to support the parents in their oldAge .52. Japan’s preference for daughters now is quite____ because not long agoThe preference was for sons .53. In some developing countries , parents value boys more than girls mainly for _____ .54 . In India , parents receive _______ when their sons get married .55. Critics maintain that children should be treated by their parents as ___.Section C (10 marks )In this section ,there is one passage followed by five questions . Read the passage carefully and then answer each of the questions in a maximum of 10 words . Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet .Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.At least 600,000 jobs could disappear in the UK this year , according to a report by a personnel managers’ professional body . The Chartered Institute ofPersonnel and Development says even those who escape redundancy will face pay freezes .It says that while total unemployment will not hit three million , the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991 .According to official statistics , there were 1.86 million people out of work in the UK in October , 2008. This figure was the highest since 1997 , taking the overall unemployment rate to 6 percent . David Frost of the British Chamber of Commerce says , “It is the worst year . Companies are in survival mode .”The CIPD , which represents managers and personnel staff , issued its gloomy forecast a day after children’s retailer Adams joined a growing list of well known chains applying for bankruptcy protection .Chief economist John Philpott said , “In the face of some skepticism , the CIPD warned that 2008 would the UK’s worst year for jobs in a decade . It was , but in retrospectit will be seen as merely the slow –motion prelude to what will be the worst year for jobs in almost two decades . The CIPD’s annual barometer forecast is that the UK economy will shed at least 600,000 jobs in 2009 .Overall ,the 18-month period from the start of the recession in mid-2008 until the end of 2009 will witeness the loss of around three quarters of a million jobs , equivalent to the total net rise in employment in the preceding three years .” Mr Philpott said job losses were likely to continue into 2010 ,taking the final toll to about one million .The CIPD also surveyed 2,600 workers and found that more than one in four did not expect a pay rise next year ,while others feared wage cuts .The institute’s reward adviser ,Charles Cotton ,said ,”Employees are realistic about their pay prospects . Against this backdrop ,employers will need to work hard to find new ways to motivate their employees to perform .”“Financial incentives and targeted investment in training and development could be effective ways to do this ,” he added .“More than ever , this i s a time where organizations need to engage in an open and straightforward communication with their staff , clearly explaining the reasons for any difficult measures that will affect them ,” he said . “This will help preserve staff loyalty and engagement even during times when unpopular decisions need to made .”Questions:56. According to the passage , which will be the worst year for job lossesIn the UK ?57. What kind of organization is the Chartered Institute of Personnel andDevelopment ?58. What are many British companies now struggling for ?59. What does the CIPD advise British employers to do under the presentcircumstances?60. Why does Charles Cotton suggest that employers communicate withtheir straight—forwardly ?Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to full in each of the blanks. Remember ton write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere .Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution.In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in there bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies .They also had average of 62 chemicals that can harm babies in pregnant women .Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies , the chemicals were found in small amounts .The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people . However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75b years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world – we have polluted our own babies!How dose this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals everyday .for example, everyone use soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA(diethanolamine) and TEA(triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called “choline”. Choline is a nutrient tha t plays a crucial role in the memory cell making progress in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories.Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride dose not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health.Women are probably exposed to more chemicals then men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals are called “phthalates”. Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe. But consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health.In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a position to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary:Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On (61) , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride (62) with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our (63) when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the (64) our bodies need. So, it is (65) that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.Part IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 marks)Read the passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context , by using the correct from of the given word ,or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to a group called the V oice Function, everyone has a singing voice as well as a(66)——(speak) voice somewhere inside them. This, they say, should be (67) enc ——from an early age because it provides the best, and the (68) ——(cheap), basis on which to build an understanding of music.The teaching of the Hungarian (69) (compose) Zoltan Kodaly are responsible for this idea. He observed that songs can become a key part of the relationship (70)_______a mother and her child almost from birth . This is (71) as______ true of traditional societies, (72)_______those of West Africa , where some small children are able to sing literally(73)hun______ of songs , all of which have been learn by heart . However many modern children first come to understanding of music (74)_______they learn to play an instrument (75)_______although some teaching of the theory of music is usually a part of this , their relationship with the music on the page is often a mechanical one.The (76)____(believe) of the V oice Foundation is that a natural feeling for rhythm.harmony and musical structure .the very qualities we appreciate in the greatest musicians. can only be achieved through the (77)____(explore) of the voice from the beginning of a person’s life .The foundation has , therefore ,set itself the task of (78) _____a singing-centered musical education(79)pro_____that could benefit junior all(80)_____the world.Part V Translation (15minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answer sheet.Embroidery (刺绣) is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art .(81) From the magnificent Dragon Robes worn by emperors to today’s fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and our lives.The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. (82) It was not until later on, as the national economy developed, that embroidery entered the lives of the common people.After the Zhou Dynasty, the Han Dynasty witnessed a leap in both techniques and styles of embroidery. Embroidered objects ranged from the sun, the moon, stars, mountains dragons, and phoenixes to tigers, flowers and grasses, clouds and geometric patterns. Auspicious words were also fashionable. Both historic records and products of the time prove this.The cultural relics found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb are the best evidence of this unprecedented development in embroidery.In addition, embroidery unearthed from the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang , the ancient tombs in Turpan and northern Inner Mongolia ,further strengthen this observation . (84) The Chinese word for embroidery is “xiu”, a picture or embroidery in five colours .It implies beautiful and magnificent things.Embroidery was an elegant task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. (85)It was a good pastime to which they could devote their intelligence and passion . Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering a dainty pouch .Stitch by stitch, she embroiders a pair of love birds for her lover .It’s a co ld winter day and the room is filled with the aroma of incense. What a touching and beautiful picture!Section B (10marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or structures required in the brackets .Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86.她先天残疾，但他从未屈服于任何困难。
成都市二o0九年高中阶段教育学校统一招生考试试卷（含成都市初三毕业会考）全卷分A 卷和B 卷，A 卷满分90分，B 卷满分20分，全卷共110分；考试时间90分钟。
A 卷（共90分）第1卷（选择题，共28分） 注意事项：1.第1卷共2页。
答第1卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在 试卷和答题卡上。
考试结束，监考员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。
2 •第1卷全是选择题，各题均有四个选项，只有一项符合题目要求。
每小题选出答案 后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其 他答案，不能答在试卷上。
请注意机读答题卡的横竖格式。
一、单项选择题（每小题 2分，共28分）1. 图1所示现象中，应该用光的折射规律来解释的是2 . 下列数据最符合实际的是A •拿起一颗葡萄的力约为 5NB •甲型HINI 流感病毒的长度约为I cmC .人的正常体温约为 39CD .无线电波在空气中的传播速度约为 3X I08 m/s3. 下列物体中，用到了半导体材料的是A •智能机器狗B •白炽灯泡C •普通干电池D •滑动变阻器4.图2所示的运动情景中，最明显的反映出力使物体发生形变的是5.下列用电器在工作过程中，电能几乎全部转化为内能的是A .电脑B .电风扇C .洗衣机D .电炉踢出的足球能堆煤飞幷C瑜车在公路上息驰D拦网改总扌孝球运动青向6. 下列过程中，将内能转化为机械能的是A .汽油机的压缩冲程B .水蒸气顶起水壶盖的过程C •小孩沿滑梯下滑的过程D •流星在大气层中穿行的过程7.当喇叭里响起“我和你，心连心，共住地球村……”的男声演唱时，小明和小亮齐声说： “是刘欢在演唱！”他们作出判断的依据是：不同演员声音的A .音调不同B .响度不同C .音色不同D .声速不同&去年春节前后，我国南方部分地区遭遇了低温雨雪天气， 某些地区的树枝上甚至出现了图 3所示的“雾淞”。
2009年职称英语考试理工类C级真题与答案word打包下载2009年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语理工类C级第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线．请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeA in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes．A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to SusanA slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5 l’m working with a guy from LondonA teacherB studentC friendD man6 You’d better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon aa possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete．breaks a recordA beatsB maintains第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A. thoughtB. ideaC. goalD. plan【答案】C【解析】句意：我很想知道你的人生目标是什么。
aim目标；目的。
goal目标。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
thought和idea都是“思想、想法”的意思。
plan计划。
2. The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A. in dangerB. in difficultyC. in despairD. out of control【答案】A【解析】句意：警察立即采取行动因为生命岌岌可危。
at stake在危险中；在紧要关头。
in danger在危险中。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
in difficulty处于困难之中。
in despair处于绝望之中。
out of control失控。
3. Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A. CertainlyB. ProbablyC. AlmostD. Absolutely【答案】C【解析】句意：事实上，所有动物都是通过有声或无声代码进行交流的。
practically一种常用的意思就是almost，表“几乎”的意思。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
certainly 当然。
probably大概。
absolutely绝对地。
4. Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A. slowlyB. seldomC. weaklyD. constantly【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽很少跟苏珊讲话。
2009年全国大学生英语竞赛C类试题及答案Part II V ocabulary and Structure(10 minutes,15 marks)31.The businessmen discussed the contract_____________but never actually signed anything.A.at length .B.at sea .C.at randon.D.at will.32.Accustomed to the coffee from Columbia________Governor John said that ________coffee should always be strong.A./;a.B.the;a.C.a;a.D./;/.33._________a well-balanced diet,________adequate sleep ,is needed for good health.A.Alongside;with.B.Not only;but.C.Attached;to .D.Due to;so34._________very familiar with inspection reports, I realized that some pages of this one were missing.A.To beB.That wasC.BeingD.So was35.If you have not signed a contract, you are under no _________ to pay them any money.A.responsibilityB.liabilityC.circumstanceD.obligation36.As the market was _________ goods, the economy became more balanced , and inflation went down.A.speculated onB.subscribed forC.saturated withD.submitted to37.Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleased that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on _________ flights within the continental United States.A. economicalB. commercialC. globalD. internal38.The new CEO asked that all inter-office communications ________ in writing rather than in person , _________ possible.A.have been made; whoeverB.would be made; whicheverC.be made ; wheneverD.stage bare of scenery39.Written to be performed on a __________,Thornton Wilder’s play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community.A.stage scenery of bareB.bare of stage sceneryC.scenery bare of stageD.stage bare of scenery40.____________ school policy , the students had a holiday between Chritmas and the New Year.A.On behalf ofB.With regard toC.In line withD.In case of41.To sell the house , we made a __________ to the buyer by agreeing to puta new roof on it.A.considerationmissionC.concessionD.confirmation42.Never before _________ available for quick and easy acess in so many different fields of study.A.so much free information wereB.has so much free information beenC.were so much free informationD.so much free information has been43.The computer company announced that the new solfware __________ in the first half of next year.A.be releasedB.will have releasedC.would have releasedD.was going to be released44.Tina: A group of us are going boeling on Tuesday night. Would you like to join us?Joe : I really would , but unfortunately I have a tennis lesson.Tina : Oh, that’s too b ad. _________Joe : Yes, for sure. Thanks for the offer.A.How do you deal with that ?B.Maybe another time then ?C.When will you come back ?D.Don’t you really like bowling ?45.George : Hey, Agnes . How did the Human Resourc es meeting go ?I couldn’t make it because I was out at a sales conference.Agnes : Oh, George . __________ It turned into a major argument.George : Really ?A .Glad you’re back now.B.You’re lucky to have missed it.C.Nice to see you again.D.You’re just on time.Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks )In this section , there is one passage followed by five question. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .You should decide on the best choice, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When e-mail first came into general use about fifteen years ago, there was a lot of talk about the imminent arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communications .According to communicate ions analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as increase in paper as a result of e-mail.‖ Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be distributed in the hundres.For those secretaries whose books ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their intrays, this means using up a great deal of paperevery month ,‖Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, as are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mails and by fax or ―snail mail‖-though the post .This highlightsafuther postential problem with e-mail in today’s offices-it is taking up time rather than saving it.―With e-mail, communication is much easier ,but there is also more room for misunderstrandings,‖says psaychologist Dr David Lewis Generally ,much lsee care is take with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the the documents and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increase misuse of e-mail for sending ―flame-mail‖ –abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages .Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase .E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing workplace frustration because is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in order ways .Staff all too often make the mistake of thinking that the condense of an e-mail ,like things said over the phone ,are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at last two years , so you might want to rethink e-mailing your frustrations about your job to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office .It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make life easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for business of all sizes. But perhaps, for the time being ,the fact that in the business word 70persent of all documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all.46.Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?A.People write more memos than they used to.B.Maybe secretaries keep paper copies of everything their bosses send and receive .C.Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper .D.Staff leave messagers lying around their offices.47.What dose Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph Two?A.It is not an appropriate channel for sending important informationB.It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices.C.It is not popular with many secretaries.48.How does David Lewis feel about e-mail messages?A.Many of them are not well written .B.Many of them are too long .C.Many of them are not printed out.D.Many of them are never read49.Why should employees not use company e-mail systems for personal messages?A.Because company e-mail systems are not easy to use.B.Because the people the messages sent to can’t.C.Because they allow people to express their anger immediately.D.Because e-mail is not a private means of communication.50.What dose the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph?A.It has already made life a lot easier for many business.B.It is not being used enough in business today.C.It will never replace written communication.D.It is really useful when people use it properly.Section B(10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five incomplete sentences. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the sentences in a maximum of there words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is well known that some cultures prefer sons to daughters. In contrast, surveys have revealed that some people would rather have a daughter than a son. Apparently, each of these preference has its explanation in the local culture . Around the world , people who prefer sons have similar reasons .In many countries , sons are valued because they can work and contribute to the family income . Also , sons will be able to support their parents when the parents are old . In some cultures , sons are important because they enable the family name to continue for another generation . This is because the wife in these cultures takes her husband’s family name , and more or less ―belongs ‖to the husband’s family . In addition , having a daughter can sometimes cause difficult for a family . In India , for example , having a daughter can be a burden because the family has to pay a dowry when the girl gets married .Generally ,people think traditional cultures are the ones in which boys are preferred . Research seems to support this belief . However , according to a survey conducted in 2000, people in the Czech Republic , Lithuania , Portugal , and the Caribbean prefer to have daughters . The researchers said that parents in these societies do not need to have the same economic situation that existsin other countries , so they do not need to have a son to help make money . Instead , families in these countries want daughters for emotional reasons . Many mothers think they will have a better relationship with a daughter than a son , for example . In addition ,they think daughters will take better care of them when they are old .In Japan , a similar trend has emerged . This might come as a surprise to some , because only one generation ago , the Japanese favored sons . In1982 , over half of Japanese couples surveyed would want a boy if they could have only one child . A survey done in 1997 , on the other hand , found that 75 percent wanted a girl !Some Japanese couples say they want to have daughters because they think daughters are cuter and easier to raise . Japanese couples also worry about being taken care of when they are old . If they have to live with their children when they are very old , many Japanese parents would want to live with a daughter . ―A sons wife would be a stranger and harder to ask for help ,‖ one Japanese mother said .Critics warn that preference for a daughter is just as bad as preference for a son . ―Instead of valuing children for the social roles they are expected to fill , parents must learn to value children as individuals ,‖ cri tics say . when that is the case, parents will be equally pleased with a son or daughter . Questions:51. The reasons that parents prefer to have sons are to continue____ , toHelp earn money for the family , and to support the parents in their oldAge .52. Japan’s preference for daughters now is quite____ because not long agoThe preference was for sons .53. In some developing countries , parents value boys more than girls mainly for _____ .54 . In India , parents receive _______ when their sons get married .55. Critics maintain that children should be treated by their parents as ___.Section C (10 marks )In this section ,there is one passage followed by five questions . Read the passage carefully and then answer each of the questions in a maximum of 10 words . Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet .Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.At least 600,000 jobs could disappear in the UK this year , according to a report by a personnel managers’ professional body . The Chartered Institute ofPersonnel and Development says even those who escape redundancy will face pay freezes .It says that while total unemployment will not hit three million , the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991 .According to official statistics , there were 1.86 million people out of work in the UK in October , 2008. This figure was the highest since 1997 , taking the overall unemployment rate to 6 percent . David Frost of the British Chamber of Commerce says , ―It is the worst year . Companies are in survival mode .‖The CIPD , which represents managers and personnel staff , issued its gloomy forecast a day after children’s retailer Adams joined a growing list of well known chains applying for bankruptcy protection .Chief economist John Philpott said , ―In the face of some skepticism , the CIPD warned that 2008 would the UK’s worst year for jobs in a decade . It was , but in retrospectit will be seen as merely the slow –motion prelude to what will be the worst year for jobs in almost two decades . The CIPD’s annual barometer forecast is that the UK economy will shed at least 600,000 jobs in 2009 .Overall ,the 18-month period from the start of the recession in mid-2008 until the end of 2009 will witeness the loss of around three quarters of a million jobs , equivalent to the total net rise in employment in the preceding three years .‖ Mr Philpott said job losses were likely to continue into 2010 ,taking the final toll to about one million .The CIPD also surveyed 2,600 workers and found that more than one in four did not expect a pay rise next year ,while others feared wage cuts .The institute’s reward adviser ,Charles Cotton ,said ,‖Employees are realistic about their pay prospects . Against this backdrop ,employers will need to work hard to find new ways to motivate their employees to perform .‖―Financial incentives and targeted investment in training and development could be effective ways to do this ,‖ he added .―More than ever , this i s a time where organizations need to engage in an open and straightforward communication with their staff , clearly explaining the reasons for any difficult measures that will affect them ,‖ he said . ―This will help preserve staff loyalty and engagement even during times when unpopular decisions need to made .‖Questions:56. According to the passage , which will be the worst year for job lossesIn the UK ?57. What kind of organization is the Chartered Institute of Personnel andDevelopment ?58. What are many British companies now struggling for ?59. What does the CIPD advise British employers to do under the presentcircumstances?60. Why does Charles Cotton suggest that employers communicate withtheir straight—forwardly ?Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to full in each of the blanks. Remember ton write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere .Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution.In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in there bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies .They also had average of 62 chemicals that can harm babies in pregnant women .Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies , the chemicals were found in small amounts .The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people . However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75b years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world – we have polluted our own babies!How dose this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals everyday .for example, everyone use soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA(diethanolamine) and TEA(triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called ―choline‖. Choline is a nutrient tha t plays a crucial role in the memory cell making progress in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories.Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride dose not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health.Women are probably exposed to more chemicals then men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals are called ―phthalates‖. Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe. But consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health.In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a position to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary:Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On (61) , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride (62) with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our (63) when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the (64) our bodies need. So, it is (65) that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.Part IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 marks)Read the passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context , by using the correct from of the given word ,or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to a group called the V oice Function, everyone has a singing voice as well as a(66)——(speak) voice somewhere inside them. This, they say, should be (67) enc ——from an early age because it provides the best, and the (68) ——(cheap), basis on which to build an understanding of music.The teaching of the Hungarian (69) (compose) Zoltan Kodaly are responsible for this idea. He observed that songs can become a key part of the relationship (70)_______a mother and her child almost from birth . This is (71) as______ true of traditional societies, (72)_______those of West Africa , where some small children are able to sing literally(73)hun______ of songs , all of which have been learn by heart . However many modern children first come to understanding of music (74)_______they learn to play an instrument (75)_______although some teaching of the theory of music is usually a part of this , their relationship with the music on the page is often a mechanical one.The (76)____(believe) of the V oice Foundation is that a natural feeling for rhythm.harmony and musical structure .the very qualities we appreciate in the greatest musicians. can only be achieved through the (77)____(explore) of the voice from the beginning of a person’s life .The foundation has , therefore ,set itself the task of (78) _____a singing-centered musical education(79)pro_____that could benefit junior all(80)_____the world.Part V Translation (15minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answer sheet.Embroidery (刺绣) is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art .(81) From the magnificent Dragon Robes worn by emperors to today’s fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and our lives.The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. (82) It was not until later on, as the national economy developed, that embroidery entered the lives of the common people.After the Zhou Dynasty, the Han Dynasty witnessed a leap in both techniques and styles of embroidery. Embroidered objects ranged from the sun, the moon, stars, mountains dragons, and phoenixes to tigers, flowers and grasses, clouds and geometric patterns. Auspicious words were also fashionable. Both historic records and products of the time prove this.The cultural relics found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb are the best evidence of this unprecedented development in embroidery.In addition, embroidery unearthed from the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang , the ancient tombs in Turpan and northern Inner Mongolia ,further strengthen this observation . (84) The Chinese word for embroidery is ―xiu‖, a picture or embroidery in five colours .It implies beautiful and magnificent things.Embroidery was an elegant task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. (85)It was a good pastime to which they could devote their intelligence and passion . Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering a dainty pouch .Stitch by stitch, she embroiders a pair of love birds for her lover .It’s a co ld winter day and the room is filled with the aroma of incense. What a touching and beautiful picture!Section B (10marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or structures required in the brackets .Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86.她先天残疾，但他从未屈服于任何困难。
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（C级）真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1I'd very much like to know what your aim in life isA thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5I'm working with a guy from London.A teacherB studentC friendD man6You'd better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverage A extensive B continuousC instantD quick8The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible？A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordA beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Importance of Children's Oral HealthFebruary is National Children's Dental （牙齿的）Health Month，but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation's oral health，released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General，calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic （流行病），”even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact，a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this，the American Academy of Periodontology （牙周病学）（AAP）is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children.“This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating，speaking and attending to learning，”said Michael McGuire，president of the AAP.Common dental problems seen in children are cavities （龋洞）and gingivitis （龈牙），which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering，”said McGuire “However，much of the time，oral problems are avoidable problems.”In the Rio Grande V alley in Texas，a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school.“According to the Surgeon General's Report，about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school，”said McGuire. “When children don't see dentists they missthe opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger，more expensive problems to treat，and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.”16Only in February should attention be paid to children's oral healthA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17Dental and oral diseases are common in both adults and childrenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18Boys miss more school hours each year due to dental-related illnessA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20Oral problems can not be avoided in any wayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21The low-income children are very grateful to the dentists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类C级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题,每题1分,共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.1.I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A.thoughtB.ideaC.goalD.plan【答案】C【解析】句意：我很想知道你的人生目标是什么。
aim目标；目的。
goal目标。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
thought和idea都是“思想、想法”的意思。
plan计划。
2.The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A.in dangerB.in difficultyC.in despairD.out of control【答案】A【解析】句意：警察立即采取行动因为有生命岌岌可危。
at stake在危险中；在紧要关头。
in danger在危险中。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
in difficulty处于困难之中。
in despair处于绝望之中。
out of control失控。
3.Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A.CertainlyB.ProbablyC.AlmostD.Absolutely【答案】C【解析】句意：事实上，所有动物都是通过有声或无声代码进行交流的。
副词practically 从词形上看是从形容词practical衍生而来，它固然有“在实践中”的意思，但它的另一种常用的意思是“几乎”。
almost，几乎。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
certainly当然。
probably大概。
absolutely绝对地。
4.Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A.slowlyB.seldomC.weaklyD.constantly【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽很少跟苏珊讲话。
2009年全国大学生英语竞赛C类试题及答案Part II V ocabulary and Structure(10 minutes,15 marks)31.The businessmen discussed the contract_____________but never actually signed anything.A.at length .B.at sea .C.at randon.D.at will.32.Accustomed to the coffee from Columbia________Governor John said that ________coffee should always be strong.A./;a.B.the;a.C.a;a.D./;/.33._________a well-balanced diet,________adequate sleep ,is needed for good health.A.Alongside;with.B.Not only;but.C.Attached;to .D.Due to;so34._________very familiar with inspection reports, I realized that some pages of this one were missing.A.To beB.That wasC.BeingD.So was35.If you have not signed a contract, you are under no _________ to pay them any money.A.responsibilityB.liabilityC.circumstanceD.obligation36.As the market was _________ goods, the economy became more balanced , and inflation went down.A.speculated onB.subscribed forC.saturated withD.submitted to37.Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleased that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on _________ flights within the continental United States.A. economicalB. commercialC. globalD. internal38.The new CEO asked that all inter-office communications ________ in writing rather than in person , _________ possible.A.have been made; whoeverB.would be made; whicheverC.be made ; wheneverD.stage bare of scenery39.Written to be performed on a __________,Thornton Wilder’s play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community.A.stage scenery of bareB.bare of stage sceneryC.scenery bare of stageD.stage bare of scenery40.____________ school policy , the students had a holiday between Chritmas and the New Year.A.On behalf ofB.With regard toC.In line withD.In case of41.To sell the house , we made a __________ to the buyer by agreeing to puta new roof on it.A.considerationmissionC.concessionD.confirmation42.Never before _________ available for quick and easy acess in so many different fields of study.A.so much free information wereB.has so much free information beenC.were so much free informationD.so much free information has been43.The computer company announced that the new solfware __________ in the first half of next year.A.be releasedB.will have releasedC.would have releasedD.was going to be released44.Tina: A group of us are going boeling on Tuesday night. Would you like to join us?Joe : I really would , but unfortunately I have a tennis lesson.Tina : Oh, that’s too b ad. _________Joe : Yes, for sure. Thanks for the offer.A.How do you deal with that ?B.Maybe another time then ?C.When will you come back ?D.Don’t you really like bowling ?45.George : Hey, Agnes . How did the Human Resourc es meeting go ?I couldn’t make it because I was out at a sales conference.Agnes : Oh, George . __________ It turned into a major argument.George : Really ?A .Glad you’re back now.B.You’re lucky to have missed it.C.Nice to see you again.D.You’re just on time.Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks )In this section , there is one passage followed by five question. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .You should decide on the best choice, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When e-mail first came into general use about fifteen years ago, there was a lot of talk about the imminent arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communications .According to communicate ions analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as increase in paper as a result of e-mail.” Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be distributed in the hundres.For those secretaries whose books ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their intrays, this means using up a great deal of paperevery month ,”Metcalf says.Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, as are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mails and by fax or “snail mail”-though the post .This highlightsafuther postential problem with e-mail in today’s offices-it is taking up time rather than saving it.“With e-mail, communication is much easier ,but there is also more room for misunderstrandings,”says psaychologist Dr David Lewis Generally ,much lsee care is take with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the the documents and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.More worrying is still the increase misuse of e-mail for sending “flame-mail” –abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages .Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase .E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing workplace frustration because is so instant.E-mail can also be a problem in order ways .Staff all too often make the mistake of thinking that the condense of an e-mail ,like things said over the phone ,are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at last two years , so you might want to rethink e-mailing your frustrations about your job to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office .It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make life easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for business of all sizes. But perhaps, for the time being ,the fact that in the business word 70persent of all documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all.46.Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?A.People write more memos than they used to.B.Maybe secretaries keep paper copies of everything their bosses send and receive .C.Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper .D.Staff leave messagers lying around their offices.47.What dose Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph Two?A.It is not an appropriate channel for sending important informationB.It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices.C.It is not popular with many secretaries.48.How does David Lewis feel about e-mail messages?A.Many of them are not well written .B.Many of them are too long .C.Many of them are not printed out.D.Many of them are never read49.Why should employees not use company e-mail systems for personal messages?A.Because company e-mail systems are not easy to use.B.Because the people the messages sent to can’t.C.Because they allow people to express their anger immediately.D.Because e-mail is not a private means of communication.50.What dose the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph?A.It has already made life a lot easier for many business.B.It is not being used enough in business today.C.It will never replace written communication.D.It is really useful when people use it properly.Section B(10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five incomplete sentences. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the sentences in a maximum of there words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It is well known that some cultures prefer sons to daughters. In contrast, surveys have revealed that some people would rather have a daughter than a son. Apparently, each of these preference has its explanation in the local culture . Around the world , people who prefer sons have similar reasons .In many countries , sons are valued because they can work and contribute to the family income . Also , sons will be able to support their parents when the parents are old . In some cultures , sons are important because they enable the family name to continue for another generation . This is because the wife in these cultures takes her husband’s family name , and more or less “belongs ”to the husband’s family . In addition , having a daughter can sometimes cause difficult for a family . In India , for example , having a daughter can be a burden because the family has to pay a dowry when the girl gets married .Generally ,people think traditional cultures are the ones in which boys are preferred . Research seems to support this belief . However , according to a survey conducted in 2000, people in the Czech Republic , Lithuania , Portugal , and the Caribbean prefer to have daughters . The researchers said that parents in these societies do not need to have the same economic situation that existsin other countries , so they do not need to have a son to help make money . Instead , families in these countries want daughters for emotional reasons . Many mothers think they will have a better relationship with a daughter than a son , for example . In addition ,they think daughters will take better care of them when they are old .In Japan , a similar trend has emerged . This might come as a surprise to some , because only one generation ago , the Japanese favored sons . In1982 , over half of Japanese couples surveyed would want a boy if they could have only one child . A survey done in 1997 , on the other hand , found that 75 percent wanted a girl !Some Japanese couples say they want to have daughters because they think daughters are cuter and easier to raise . Japanese couples also worry about being taken care of when they are old . If they have to live with their children when they are very old , many Japanese parents would want to live with a daughter . “A sons wife would be a stranger and harder to ask for help ,” one Japanese mother said .Critics warn that preference for a daughter is just as bad as preference for a son . “Instead of valuing children for the social roles they are expected to fill , parents must learn to value children as individuals ,” cri tics say . when that is the case, parents will be equally pleased with a son or daughter . Questions:51. The reasons that parents prefer to have sons are to continue____ , toHelp earn money for the family , and to support the parents in their oldAge .52. Japan’s preference for daughters now is quite____ because not long agoThe preference was for sons .53. In some developing countries , parents value boys more than girls mainly for _____ .54 . In India , parents receive _______ when their sons get married .55. Critics maintain that children should be treated by their parents as ___.Section C (10 marks )In this section ,there is one passage followed by five questions . Read the passage carefully and then answer each of the questions in a maximum of 10 words . Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet .Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.At least 600,000 jobs could disappear in the UK this year , according to a report by a personnel managers’ professional body . The Chartered Institute ofPersonnel and Development says even those who escape redundancy will face pay freezes .It says that while total unemployment will not hit three million , the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991 .According to official statistics , there were 1.86 million people out of work in the UK in October , 2008. This figure was the highest since 1997 , taking the overall unemployment rate to 6 percent . David Frost of the British Chamber of Commerce says , “It is the worst year . Companies are in survival mode .”The CIPD , which represents managers and personnel staff , issued its gloomy forecast a day after children’s retailer Adams joined a growing list of well known chains applying for bankruptcy protection .Chief economist John Philpott said , “In the face of some skepticism , the CIPD warned that 2008 would the UK’s worst year for jobs in a decade . It was , but in retrospectit will be seen as merely the slow –motion prelude to what will be the worst year for jobs in almost two decades . The CIPD’s annual barometer forecast is that the UK economy will shed at least 600,000 jobs in 2009 .Overall ,the 18-month period from the start of the recession in mid-2008 until the end of 2009 will witeness the loss of around three quarters of a million jobs , equivalent to the total net rise in employment in the preceding three years .” Mr Philpott said job losses were likely to continue into 2010 ,taking the final toll to about one million .The CIPD also surveyed 2,600 workers and found that more than one in four did not expect a pay rise next year ,while others feared wage cuts .The institute’s reward adviser ,Charles Cotton ,said ,”Employees are realistic about their pay prospects . Against this backdrop ,employers will need to work hard to find new ways to motivate their employees to perform .”“Financial incentives and targeted investment in training and development could be effective ways to do this ,” he added .“More than ever , this i s a time where organizations need to engage in an open and straightforward communication with their staff , clearly explaining the reasons for any difficult measures that will affect them ,” he said . “This will help preserve staff loyalty and engagement even during times when unpopular decisions need to made .”Questions:56. According to the passage , which will be the worst year for job lossesIn the UK ?57. What kind of organization is the Chartered Institute of Personnel andDevelopment ?58. What are many British companies now struggling for ?59. What does the CIPD advise British employers to do under the presentcircumstances?60. Why does Charles Cotton suggest that employers communicate withtheir straight—forwardly ?Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to full in each of the blanks. Remember ton write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere .Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution.In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in there bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies .They also had average of 62 chemicals that can harm babies in pregnant women .Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies , the chemicals were found in small amounts .The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people . However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75b years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world – we have polluted our own babies!How dose this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals everyday .for example, everyone use soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA(diethanolamine) and TEA(triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called “choline”. Choline is a nutrient tha t plays a crucial role in the memory cell making progress in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories.Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride dose not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health.Women are probably exposed to more chemicals then men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals are called “phthalates”. Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe. But consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health.In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a position to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary:Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On (61) , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride (62) with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our (63) when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the (64) our bodies need. So, it is (65) that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.Part IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 marks)Read the passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context , by using the correct from of the given word ,or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to a group called the V oice Function, everyone has a singing voice as well as a(66)——(speak) voice somewhere inside them. This, they say, should be (67) enc ——from an early age because it provides the best, and the (68) ——(cheap), basis on which to build an understanding of music.The teaching of the Hungarian (69) (compose) Zoltan Kodaly are responsible for this idea. He observed that songs can become a key part of the relationship (70)_______a mother and her child almost from birth . This is (71) as______ true of traditional societies, (72)_______those of West Africa , where some small children are able to sing literally(73)hun______ of songs , all of which have been learn by heart . However many modern children first come to understanding of music (74)_______they learn to play an instrument (75)_______although some teaching of the theory of music is usually a part of this , their relationship with the music on the page is often a mechanical one.The (76)____(believe) of the V oice Foundation is that a natural feeling for rhythm.harmony and musical structure .the very qualities we appreciate in the greatest musicians. can only be achieved through the (77)____(explore) of the voice from the beginning of a person’s life .The foundation has , therefore ,set itself the task of (78) _____a singing-centered musical education(79)pro_____that could benefit junior all(80)_____the world.Part V Translation (15minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answer sheet.Embroidery (刺绣) is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art .(81) From the magnificent Dragon Robes worn by emperors to today’s fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and our lives.The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. (82) It was not until later on, as the national economy developed, that embroidery entered the lives of the common people.After the Zhou Dynasty, the Han Dynasty witnessed a leap in both techniques and styles of embroidery. Embroidered objects ranged from the sun, the moon, stars, mountains dragons, and phoenixes to tigers, flowers and grasses, clouds and geometric patterns. Auspicious words were also fashionable. Both historic records and products of the time prove this.The cultural relics found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb are the best evidence of this unprecedented development in embroidery.In addition, embroidery unearthed from the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang , the ancient tombs in Turpan and northern Inner Mongolia ,further strengthen this observation . (84) The Chinese word for embroidery is “xiu”, a picture or embroidery in five colours .It implies beautiful and magnificent things.Embroidery was an elegant task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. (85)It was a good pastime to which they could devote their intelligence and passion . Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering a dainty pouch .Stitch by stitch, she embroiders a pair of love birds for her lover .It’s a co ld winter day and the room is filled with the aroma of incense. What a touching and beautiful picture!Section B (10marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or structures required in the brackets .Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86.她先天残疾，但他从未屈服于任何困难。
2009年职称英语综合类C级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1I'd very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3Practicallyall animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5I'm working with a guyfrom London.A teacher studentC friendD man6You'd better put these documents in a safeplaceA darkB secureC guardedD banned7The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the lastten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please callmy husband as soon as possible？A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposedthat we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be reliedon in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordA beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Fighting for a Brighter Future for WomenWhen I was asked what it means to be a woman running for president，I always gave the same answer that I was proud to be running as a woman，but I was running because t thought I'd be the best president.But I am a woman and，like millions of women，I know there are still barriers and biases （偏见）out there，often unconscious，and I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us.I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worried about my daughter's future and a mother who wants to leave all children brighter tomorrows.To build that future I see，we must make sure that women and men alike understand the struggles of their grandmothers and their mothers，and that women enjoy equal opportunities，equal pay，and equal respect.Let us resolve and work toward achieving very simple propositions （命题）：There are no acceptable limits，and there are no acceptable prejudices in the 21st century in our country.You can also be so proud that，from now on，it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories，unremarkable to have a woman in a close race to be our nominee （被提名者），unremarkable to think that a woman can be the president of the United States. And this is truly remarkable，my friends.To those who are disappointed that we couldn't go all of the way，especially the youngpeople who put so much into this campaign，it would break my heart if，in falling short of my goal，I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours.Always aim high，work hard，and care deeply about what you believe ~n. And，when you stumble （犯错），keep faith. And，when you're knocked down，get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you can't or shouldn't go on.As we gather here today in this historic，magnificent building，the 50th woman to leave the Earth is orbiting （绕轨道运行）overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space，we will someday launch a woman into the White House.16Hillary Clinton was elected president of the United States A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17Hillary Clinton believed that if she were elected president of the United States，she would be the best. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18The American people are now ready to accept a woman as their presidentA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Many American young people feel disappointed at Hillary's failure to win the nomination.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20America's 50th female astronaut is right now moving round the EarthA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21Hillary Clinton will support Obama in the upcoming presidential election campaignA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Hillary Clinton will no longer run for presidentA RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2009年职称英语真题理工类C级参考答案：第一部分词汇题：aim– goal (C)at stake--- in danger (A)practically ---almost(C)rarely --- seldom (B)guy --- man (D)safe---secure (B)massive --- extensive (A)magnificent --- splendid (D)astonished – surprised (A)last ---past (C)call ---phone (B)conversation --- talk (C)proposed --- suggested (D)relied on --- depended on (B)breaks ---beats (A)第二部分阅读判断文章标题： Radiocarbon Dating16. Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects. (A： right, 该提问句内容可以由文章第一段第一句内容推断出来：Nowadays scientists can answer many questions abou the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. (现在科学家们能通过一种被称为放射性碳，即C-14的一种技术来测定年代，回答许多关于过去的事情的问题))17. The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old . (B: wrong, 文章中提到放射性碳测定技术是在20世纪40年代的末期被研制出来，因此该提问句内容与文章中相关内容不一致，该题考察细节信息的查找和确认)18. An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons. (B: wrong, 文章中说“普通的碳原子含有6个中子”，因此该提问句内容与文章中相关内容不一致，该题考察细节信息的查找和确认)19. Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon. (C：Not mentioned, 该提问句内容在文章中没有被提及)20. Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years. (A: Right, 该提问句内容是对文章倒数第二段段落主题内容的概括)21. The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it falls. (A: Right, 该提问句内容是文章中相关语句“Once an organism dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already presents begins to decay.(一旦生物体死亡，它就会停止吸收任何形式的碳，而生物体内的c-14也会开始衰减”的同义转述。
