“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句浅议

1 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

请同学们先看下面的高考题：

1. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.

A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which

2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.

A. that B. whose C. those D. what

3. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the

direction ______ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ______ wanted to buy it.

A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom

【点拨】

●“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。如：

第 1 页 共 5 页 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_

介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句

介词+关系代词 引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 which（指物） whom(指人），即介词+which/whom。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。

He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most

of which had t been cleaned for at least a year.

他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。

In the dark street, there wasn t a single person

to whom she couid turn.

在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。

定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末 which (指物），that/whom/who (指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。

This is the hero that/who/whom/(可省略) we are

proud of.

这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。 第 2 页 共 5 页 This is the pen that/which/(可省略) I I wrote the

letter with.

这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。

【温馨提示】

①有些 动词+介词 的固定词组不可把介词置于关系代词前。

这就是我正在找的磁带。

[误]This is the right tape for which I m looking,

[正]This is the right tape that I m looking for.

②常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：

care for 喜欢,关心

deal with 处理，对付

get through 通过;到达;接通电话

“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：

The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.

=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

一、基本构成

1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。

（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

（2）The city in which she lives is far away.

（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.

注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：

（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.

（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.

注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward

介词+关系代词

“介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ，whom ， whose ， 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句.关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。

一．介词选择的主要标准

1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配

Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they

can be controlled on purpose。人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree )

The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。（ tell sb. about sb./ sth. ）

The English play in which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great

success。那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ）

The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs

for which they are being trained。学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。（ be trained for the job ）

2。介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配

Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁? （ shake hands with sb. ）