英语音标学习全集(推荐文档)
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英语英标全攻略
国际英标汇总表
1．元音
/i:/ E [i:] green [ɡri:n] see [si:]
/ i / It [it] big [biɡ] little ['litl]
/e/ bed [bed] head [hed] letter ['letə]
/æ/ apple ['æpl] map [mæp] cat [kæt]
/a:/ park [pɑ:k] start [stɑ:t] far [fɑ:]
/ɔ:/ door [dɔ:] horse [hɔ:s] walk [wɔ:k]
/ɔ/ hot [hɔt] watch [wɔtʃ] body ['bɔdi]
/u:/ school [sku:l] blue [blu:] moon [mu:n]
/u/ book [buk] good [ɡud] look [luk]
/ ʌ / mother ['mʌðə] up [ʌp] luck [lʌk]
/ə:/ bird [bə:d] word [wə:d] her [hə:]
/ə/ about [ə'baut] later ['leitə] mother ['mʌðə]
/ei/ A [ei] day [dei] late [leit]
/ai/ hi [hai] night [nait] like [laik]
/ɔi/ boy [bɔi] soil [sɔil] enjoy [in'dʒɔi]
/əu/ old [əuld] most [məust] hope [həup]
/au/ out [aut] loud [laud] how [hau]
/iə/ here [hiə] near [niə] idea [ai'diə]
/uə/ sure [ʃuə] poor [puə] tour [tuə]
/ɛə/ air [ɛə] hair [hɛə] wear [wɛə] 国际音标（英语语音）
元音 单元音 前元音 [i:] [i] [æ] [e]
中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə]
后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:]
双元音 开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au]
集中双元音 [iə] [εə] [uə]
辅音 爆破音 清辅音 [p] [t] [k]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g]
摩擦音 清辅音 [f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h]
浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]
破擦音 清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz]
鼻音 （浊辅音） [m] [n] [ŋ]
舌则音 （浊辅音） [l] [r]
半元音 （浊辅音） [w] [j] 2
2. 辅音
(1).清辅音
/p/ picture ['piktʃə] please [pli:z] people ['pi:pl]
/ t/ take [teik] today [tə'dei] to [tu:]
/ k/ cake [keik] kite [kait] come [kʌm]
/f/ fine [fain] fun [fʌn] from [ frɔm]
/s/ six [siks] kiss [kis] say [sei]
/θ/ thank [θæŋk] thing [θiŋ] think [θiŋk]
/ʃ/ sure [ʃuə] shop [ʃɔp] ship [ʃip]
/tʃ/ chicken ['tʃikən] child [tʃaild] chip [tʃip]
/tr/ tree [tri:] train [trein] trade [treid]
/ts/ cats [kæts] gets [ɡets] lots [lɔts]
/ h/ hat [hæt] have [hæv] hello [he'ləu]
(2).浊辅音
/b/ boat [bəut] big [biɡ] boy [bɔi]
/d/ dog [dɔɡ] day [dei] daddy ['dædi:]
/ɡ/ go [ɡəu] good [ɡud] glass [ɡlɑ:s]
/v/ very ['veri] video ['vidiəu] vase [ves]
/z/ zoo [zu:] zero ['ziərəu] clothes [kləuðz]
/ð/ them [ðem] they [ðei] father ['fɑ:ðə]
/ʒ/ television ['teli,viʒən] pleasure ['pleʒə] measure ['meʒə]
/dʒ/ job [dʒɔb] jeep [dʒi:p] change [tʃeindʒ]
/dr/ dress [dres] dream [dri:m] drop [drɔp]
/dz/ reads [ri:dz] cards [kɑ:dz] birds [bə:dz]
/ l/ life [laif] little ['litl] leave [li:v]
/m/ my [mai] many ['meni] may [mei]
/n/ no [nəu] not [nɔt] know [nəu]
/ŋ/ bring [briŋ] think [θiŋk] going ['gəʊɪŋ]
/ j/ yes [jes] yellow ['jeləu] yesterday ['jestədi]
/ w/ window ['windəu] what [wɔt] will [wil]
/ r/ red [red] read [ri:d] remember [ri'membə]
下面每一组发音都有相似之处，请你务必区分清楚：
第一组：[i:]与[i]
[i:]是个长音，靠口腔发出，发声处靠前，口型很扁，嘴唇向两边张开成微笑状。
[i]是个短音，靠喉咙发出，发声处靠后，口型略窄，发这个音时，要短促有力。
This is a sheep. These are ships.
第二组：[e]、[æ]与[ei]
这三个元音很容易混淆，所以放在一组，以帮助学习者发好这三个音。
发[e]时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。嘴不要张太大，上下齿间距离宁可偏小。
发[æ]时，嘴要张开、张大，而且尽量放宽，刚开始练习时可以夸张一点。
发[ei]时口形由[e]向[i]滑动。发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位也随之稍稍抬高。练习时，可以先发[e]音，然后再过渡到[i]音，反复练习就可以发好这个音了。 3
He is very happy to receive a letter.
Tom is planning to take the cake back home.
He makes his bed before breakfast every day.
第三组：[ɜ:]与[ə]
这两个发音在口的中间位置完成。舌侧触及牙齿，舌的中间部位向下靠近下颚。舌片及舌尖卷曲使得尾音r化。[[:]是个长音，是由口腔发出来的。[[]是个短音，由喉咙发出，非常短促。
My father works very hard.
The mother asks the little girl to buy some sugar.
My sister prefers a purple skirt to a blue one.
第四组：[ɑ:]、[ʌ]、[ɔ:]与[ɔ]
[ɑ:]是个长音，发音时，舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但不成圆形。这是音标中所需口型最大的开音节。发音是停顿稍长。
发[ʌ]音时，嘴巴稍张，嘴形比[ɑ:]小，发音听起来短促、含糊。
与前面两个音相比，[ɔ:]与[ɔ]的嘴形一定要圆。其中，发[ɔ:]时，双唇要收得更圆要小，并须用力向前突出。这个音是由嘴巴发出来的。[ɔ]是个短音，通过喉咙发出。练习时，你可以夸张一点，尽量模仿公鸡打鸣的声音，这样你可以发好这个音了。[ɔ]音听起来短促、含糊。
Well begun is half done. You can drive a car to for lunch. He is telling a story about
a dog. I buy a cup in this shop.
第五组：[ʊ:]与[ʊ]
发长音[ʊ:]要将舌根抬起并绷紧，舌尖离开下齿。嘴唇呈圆形，双唇收圆，稍向前突出。
发短音[ʊ]的舌位比发长音的[U:]低，舌头放松，嘴唇略圆以避免将它发成中元音[[]。
请减速：
Don't be rude; it's made of wool.
He put the cool picture into the pool.
This is a very good book about rooms.
第六组：[ai]、[ɔi]、[eɪ]、 [aʊ]、[əʊ]、[ɪə]、[eə]、[ʊə]
发[ai]时，可先发[a:]音，然后再过渡到[i]音。
发[ɔi]时，可先发[ɔ]音，然后再过渡到[i]音。
发[eɪ]时，可先发[e]音，然后再过渡到[i]音。
发[aʊ]时，可先发[a:]音，然后再过渡到[U]音。
发[əʊ]时，可先发[ə]音，然后再过渡到[U]音。
发[iə]时，可先发[i]音，然后再过渡到[ə]音。 4
发[eə]时，可先发[e]音，然后再过渡到[ə]音。
发[ʊə]时，可先发[ʊ]音，然后再过渡到[ə]音。
The boys are playing with snow outside the houses.
I'm sure she has long hair.
How are you doing these years?
Where is your home?
二、辅 音
第一组：[p]与、[t]与[d]、[k]与[g]都是爆破音。
(1)[p]与[b]
发[p]音时，双唇紧闭，在口腔积气，然后快速张口，通过气息发出这个音。
发[b]音时，口形与[p]音一样，只不过这个音是通过口腔发出来的。
