Comments on Pub Talk and the King's English

pubtalkandthekingsenglish课文主旨1. 引言在这篇文章中，将深入探讨《Pub Talk and the King's English》这篇课文的主旨。

本文将从多个方面对课文进行评估和分析，以便更好地理解其中的内容和主题。

2. 课文概述《Pub Talk and the King's English》是一篇关于英式酒吧谈话和英国英语的文章。

作者通过与英式酒吧谈话的对比，探讨了英国英语的多样性和变化。

3. 主题一：英式酒吧行话英式酒吧行话是这篇课文的一个重要主题。

作者通过描述英式酒吧行话的独特性和特点，展示了这种诙谐和幽默的交流方式。

这种酒吧行话通常包含俚语、方言和特定于地区的用语，给人一种亲切和热闹的感觉。

4. 主题二：英国英语的多样性除了英式酒吧行话，本文还着重强调了英国英语的多样性。

作者指出，尽管英国是地球上面积相对较小的国家，但它仍然拥有众多不同的地方方言和口音。

这些方言和口音反映了英国的地域和文化差异，使得英国英语更加多元化。

5. 主题三：英国英语的变化另一个重要的主题是英国英语的变化。

作者指出，随着时间的推移，英国英语已经发生了许多变化。

从古英语到现代英语，英国英语经历了不同的阶段和演变。

这些变化部分源于社会变革和文化交流，也与地理和历史因素有关。

6. 从简到繁：理解主题的逐步深入为了更好地理解课文的主题，我们将使用从简到繁、由浅入深的方式来探讨。

我们将对英式酒吧行话进行简单说明，并探讨其在英国社交生活中的作用。

我们将深入研究英国英语的多样性，包括地方方言和口音的区别。

我们将探讨英国英语的变化，并分析其与社会、文化和历史背景的关系。

7. 总结与回顾本文对《Pub Talk and the King's English》这篇课文的主旨进行了深入探讨。

我们从英式酒吧行话、英国英语的多样性和英国英语的变化三个主题入手，逐步深入分析和阐述了课文的内容。

Pub Talk and the King’s English1 Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. And it is an activity only of humans。

However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation。

2 The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere， and no one has any idea where It will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows。

The enemy of good conversation is the person who has "something to say.” Conversation is not for making a point。

Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince。

There is no winning in conversation. In fact， the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose。

Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go。

Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语)Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利)1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. And it is anactivity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的，也是人类特有的。

而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交际的。

2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.” Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince.There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go. 闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。

Pu b Tal k an d t he Ki ng ' s Eng l i s hLesson 3Pub Talk and the King ' EnglishHenry Fairlie1 Conversationis the most sociableof all human activities. And it is an activity only ofhuma ns. Howeveri ntricate the ways in which ani mals com muni cate with each other, they do notindulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.2 The charm of conv ersati on is that it does not really start from any where, and noone has any idea where it will go as itmea ndersor leaps an dsparkles or just glows.The en emy of good conv ersati on is the pers on who hassometh ing to say”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argume nt is not to convin ceThere is no winning in conv ersati on.In fact, the best con versati on alists are those who are prepared to losSudde nly they seethe mome nt for one of their besta necdotes but in a flash the conv ersati on has moved on and theopportunity is lost. They are ready tolet it go.3 Perhaps it is because of my up-bri nging in En glish pubs that I thi nk barconversation has a charm of its own. Bar friends are nodeeply involved in each other's lives. They arecompa nions not in timates. The fact that their marriages may beo n the rocks, or that their love affairs have bee n broke n oieve n that they got out of bed on the wron gside is simply not a concern .They are like themusketeersof Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each others lives or therecessesof their thoughts and feeli ngs.4 It was on such an occasiorthe other evening, as the conversation moved desultorilyhere and there, from the most com mon place to thoughts of Jupiter, without any focus and with no n eed for on e,that sudde nly thealchemy ofconv ersatio n took place, and all at once there was a focus. I do not remember what made one of our compa nions say it --she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that wapessing on her mind --- but her remark fell quite n aturally into the talk.5 Some one told methe other daythat the phrase, the Ki ng ' En glish,' was a term ofcriticism, that it means language which one should not properly usefirm6 The glow of the conversation burst into flames. There wereaffirmations and protestsanddenials, and of course thepromise, made in all such conversation that we would look it up on the morning. That would settle it; but conversation does not n eed to be settled; it could still goig noran tly on.7 It was an Australia n who had give n her such a defi niti on of the King ' En glish fwhich produced some ratheitart remarks about what one could expect from the desce ndan tsof convi cts. We had traveled in five minu tes to Australia. Of course, there would beresista nee tothe Ki ng ' En glish in such a society. There is always resista nee in the lower classes to an attempt by an upper classto lay dow n rules for English as it should be spoken.8 Look at the Ian guagebarrier betwee n theSax on churls and their Norma n conquerors The conv ersatio n had swung from Australia n convicts of the l9 cen tury to the En glish peasa nts of the 1t2 cen tury. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The con versati on waso n win gs.9 Some one took one of the best-k nown of examples, which is still always worth therec on sideri ng. When we talk of meat on our tables, we use French words; whe n we speak of the ani mals from which the meat comes we use An glo Saxon words.It is a pig in its sty; it is pork( porc ) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit dow n to beef (boeuf). Chicke ns becomepoultry (poulet ), and a calfbecomesveal (veau ). Eve n if our menus were not writte n in French out ofsnobbery the English we used in them would still be Norman English.What all this tells us is of a deep classrift in the culture of England after the Norman conq uest.10 The Saxon peasa nts whotilled the land an dreared the ani malscould not afford themeat, which went to Norman tables. The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scamperedover their fields and, since that meat was cheap, the Norman lords of course tuned up their no ses att. So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables, and not cha nged into somere nderi ng of lap in.11 As we listen today to the arguments aboubilingual education, we ought to thinkourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasa nt. The new ruli ng class had built a cultural barrier aga inst him by build ing their French aga inst his own Ian guage. They must have been a great deal ofultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted un der Saxon leadersike Hereward the Wake. The Ki ng ' En glish”----if the term had existed then--- had become French. And here in America now, 900 years later, we are still theheirs to it.12 So the next morning, the conversation over, one looked it up. The phrascame intouse some time in the 161 century. Queen' English” is found in Nash'sStrange Newes of thentercepting Certaine Letters' in 1593, and in 1602, Dekker wrote of some one, thou clipst the King ' En glish.” Is the phrase in Shakespeare?That would be theconfirmation that it was in general use. He uses it once, when Mistress Quickly in The Merry Wives of Windsor” says of her master coming home in a rage, --- here will be an old abus ing of God's patie nee and the Kings English,”and it rings true.13 One could have expected thatt would be about then that the phrase would be coined. After five cen turies of growth, of tussli ng with the French of the Norma nsand the An gev ins and thePla ntage netsa nd at last absorb ing it,the conq uered in the end conq ueri ng the conq uerorE nglish had come royally into its own. brow n14 There was a Ki ng's (or Queens) En glish to be proud of. The Elizabetha ns)lew onit as on a dan deli on clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. The King ' En glish” was no Ion ger a form of what would now be regarded as racialdiscrim in ati on.15 Yet there had been something in the remark of the Australian. The phrase hasalways been used a littlepejoratively and evenfacetiously by the lower classes. One feels that even Mistress Quickly---a servant ---is saying that Dr. Caius ---her master ---will lose his control and speak with the vigor of ordinary folk. If theKi ng ' En glish is En glish as it should be spoken” the claim is ofte n mocked by the underlings, when they say with a jeer English as it should bespoke” Therebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.16 There is always a great dan ger, aC arlyle put it, that words will harde ninto thingsfor us.” Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the Ki ng's En glish, like the An glo-Fre nch of the Norma ns, is a class representation of reality Perhapsit is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid dow n as an edict, and madeim mune to cha nge from below.17 I have an unending love affair with dictionaries---Auden once said that all a writer needs is a pen, ple nty of paper andthe best dict ion aries he can afford---but I agree with the pers on who said that dict ion aries are in strume nts ofcmmon sen se. The Ki ng ' En glish is a mode—a rich and in structive one---but it ought not to be an ultimatum.18 So we may return to my beginning. Even with the most educated and the mostliterate, the Ki ng's En glish slips and slides in conv ersatio n. There is no worse conv ersati on alist tha n the one whqo un ctuateshis words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print. When E.M. Froster writes of the sinistercorridor of our age,” we sit upat the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in thmage. But if E.M.Forster sat in our living room and said, We are all following each other down the sini ster corridor of our age,” we would be justified in ask ing him to leave.19 Great authorsare constantly being askecby foolish people to talk as they write.Other people maycelebratethe lofty conv ersati ons in which the great min dsare supposed tohave in dulged in the great sal ons of 18 century Paris, but onesuspects that the great minds wergossiping and judg ing the quality of the food and the win e.He nault, the n the great preside nt of the First Chamber of the ParisParlement complained bitterly of the terrible sauces at the salons of Mme.Deffand, and went on to observe that the only differe nee betwee n her cook and the supreme chef, Brin villiers, lay in their inten ti ons.20 The one place not to have dictionaries is in a sitting room or at a dining table. Lookthe thing up the n ext morning, but not in the middle of the conv ersati on.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meaning ofthe King ' English ” We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.21 And there would have bee n no thi ng to thi nk about the n ext morning. Perhapsabove all, one would not have bee n en gaged by in terest in the musketeer who raised the subject, won deri ng more about her. Thbother aboutteachi ng chimpa nzeeshow to talk is that they will probably try to talk sen sea nd so rui n all conv ersatio n.。

Pub Talk and the King’s English中英对照翻译谁也说不准。

好的闲谈不需要有人想要表达什么。

虽然争辩有时会成为闲谈的一部分，但争辩的目的并不在于说服别人。

闲谈中没有胜负之分，事实上，最好的闲谈者是那些愿意放手的人。

他们突然想起一个最佳的趣闻轶事，但是转瞬间话题就转移了，机会就这样错失了。

他们愿意放手不去争取。

3.The English language has always been XXX。

andn has always been the best way to understand and enjoy thelanguage。

But there is a XXXbe called “pub talk.” Pub talk is not really XXX at all。

It is amonologue。

XXXpeople。

It is XXX。

not to clarifybut to confuse。

not to shed light but to obscure.英语一直以来都非常适合于闲谈，而闲谈也一直是理解和享受语言的最佳方式。

但是，闲谈和所谓的“酒吧闲聊”是有区别的。

酒吧闲聊实际上并不是真正的闲谈。

而是一种独白，与其他人的独白相互交织。

它的目的不是沟通，而是支配；不是澄清，而是混淆；不是照亮，而是掩盖。

4.XXX XXX at the same time。

It isXXX。

and playful because thepeople who take part in it are XXX。

It is like a game withrules。

but the rules are there to be broken。

and the best players are thosewho break them most XXX is also like a dance。

Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语)Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利)1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. And it is an activity onlyof humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的，也是人类特有的。

而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交际的。

2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and noone has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。

Pub Talk and the King’s EnglishNotesThe King’s English:For most people, it stands for the standard English (referring to the British English), that is, good English which everyone should try to imitate. The focus is on the correctness of its grammar and pronunciation. The term has gained its name from the notion of royal sanction. When the ruling monarch isa queen, it is called “the Queen’s English”.3.①Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs that …up-bringing: the training and experience gained from the pubs when growing up. This is an exaggeration of the author for he didn’t really grow up in a pub. He was only a frequenter of pubs.②on the rocks: a metaphor, comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks; 触礁get up on the wrong side of the bed: an idiomatic expression; it means to be cross or in a bad temper for the day.[俚]清早一起就发脾气, 急躁不愉快, 心绪不好It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed. Here, we have a similar expression:Y ou got out of bed the wrong way.③They are like the musketeers of Dumas …simile; The three muske teers in Dumas’ novel are very close friends. They support each other with their fortunes and their lives. But they show no curiosity in each other’s private lives. Neither do they try to find out anything about each other’s private lives. Bar friends, lik ewise, do not probe deep into each other’s lives. Neither do they try to find out the inmost thoughts and feelings of their companions.4.…, that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, …alchemy:A medieval chemical philosophy having as its asserted aims the transmutation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the panacea, and the preparation of the elixir of longevity. 炼金术，炼丹术中世纪的一种化学哲学。

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1.And it is an activity only of human.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．2．Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．5. …i t could still go ignorantly on…The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6．There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef .These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．8．English had come royally into its own.The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase，the King's English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.”There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．From 409Unit 2 Marrakech1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals.3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white -skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas.10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．From 40912. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People with brown skins are almost invisible．13．Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms…The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers? 15．Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.Every white man, had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Unit3 Inaugural Address1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe...Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we pledge—and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4. …our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace…The UN is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.5. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.6. …before the dark powers of destruction un leashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release, wipe out mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident.From 4097. …yet both racing t o alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.8. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,…So let us start once again and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.10. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testi mony to its national loyalty. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country . 11. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,…Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.Unit 4 Love Is a Fallacy1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a complete lack of reason.3.I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston came b ack.I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back4. All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where’ve you been?All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed.6. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectExcept for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all other requirements.7. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt that time would supply the lack. She already had the makings.From 409She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid.9. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. Is that right?If you stop dating her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth. Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly become weaker.11. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,To teach her to think appeared to be rather big task.12. Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.14. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.15. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me; at all costs I had to keep cool. Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.Unit 5 The Sad Young Men1.Theslightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian so cial structure,… The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibili ties and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.From 4095.Prohibition afforded t he young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6…our young men began to enlist under foreign f lags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended. 8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…Something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11…it w as only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town had its ”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.Unit 6 Loving and Hating New York1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America. 3…sitcomes cloned an d canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California.Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.From 409New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety, because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition.6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11. those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13.The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.14.The place constantly exasperates, sometimes exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.From 409。

Lesson 3 Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。

动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。

闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。

他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。

他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。

有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。

有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。

最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King's English1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para 1)Conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings。

2.Conversation is not for making a point。

(para 2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view。

3.In fact， the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose 。

（para 2)In fact ，a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives。

（para 3）People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives。

5.it could still go ignorantly on （para 6）The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef （boeuf). （para 9) These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat , we call their meat beef。