下载文档原格式
abnormal vaginal bleeding requiring intervention had no statis-tical difference between VP and WVP patients group (p=0.3074)as other complications as well(table1).Median of related days of vaginal bleeding after the procedure were 7.4days(SD8.75)in VP group and7.34days(SD8.52)in WVP group,with no statistical difference(p=0.912). Conclusions Insert a vaginal pack or not,after LEEP,do not affect the number of postoperative gynecologic intervention due to vaginal bleeding or the amount of postoperative bleed-ing days.Previous pregnancies,hormonal status,cytology or LEEP specimen characteristics did not affect the disclosure. We also could not find any risk factor associated to abnormal bleeding.Based on that,the use of vaginal pack can be omit-ted with no further complications.IGCS19-0405382LATERALLY EXTENDED ENDOPELVIC RESECTION(LEER) AND NEOVAGINE,PATIENT WITH RECTALADENOCARCINOMA AND RECURRENCE IN CERVIX,VAGINA AND PELVIC WALL:A PURPOSE OF A CASE1J Torres*,2J Saenz,3O Suescun,3M Medina,4L Trujillo.1Especialista en entrenamiento–Universidad Militar Nueva Granada–Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia,Department of Gynecologic Oncology,Bogota D.C.,Colombia;2Especialista en entrenamiento–Universidad Militar Nueva Granada–Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia,Department of Gynecologic Oncology,Bogota D.C,Colombia;3Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Department of Gynecologic Oncology,Bogota D.C,Colombia;4Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia,Department of Gynecologic Oncology,Bogota D.C.,Colombia10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.382Objectives Exenteration is used to treat cancers of the lower and middle female genital tract in the irradiated pelvis. Höckel described laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER)as an approach in which the resection line extends to the pelvic side wall.Methods A49-year-old patient diagnosed with rectal adenocar-cinoma10years ago,managed with chemotherapy plus radio-therapy.T umor relapse at3years,management with low abdominoperineal resection and definitive colostomy.Second relapse4years later,compromising the posterior aspect of the coccyx and right side of the pelvis with irresecability criteria, management was decided with chemotherapy with capecita-bine,oxaliplatin and bevacizumab.New relapse at2years in the cervix,vagina and pelvic wall.Images without distance disease,type LEER management with extension of pelvic floor margins and resection of muscle pubococcygeus and right lat-eral iliococcygeus with neovagina(Singapore flap)and non-continent urinary derivation with bilateral cutaneous ureteros-tomy,achieving adequate lateral margin with curative intent. During follow-up with favorable evolution.Results LEER combines at least two procedures:total mesorec-tal excision,total mesometrial resection or total mesovesical resection.It may even require resection of the pelvic wall, internal obturator muscle,pubococcygeus,iliococcygeus,coccy-geus or internal iliac vessels.In combination with neovagina, it would offer better results in non-gynecological cancer relapses.Conclusions LEER with neovagina can be offered as a new therapy to a selected subset of patients with relapse in adja-cent gynecological organs with good oncological,functional and aesthetic results.Symptom Management–Supportive Cancer CareIGCS19-0706383PHOTOBIOMODULATION AND MANUAL LYMPHDRAINAGE FOR NIPPLE NECROSIS TREATMENT INBREAST CANCER:A CASE REPORT1J Baiocchi,2L Campanholi,3G Baiocchi*.1Oncofisio,Physical Therapy,Sao Paulo,Brazil;2CESCAGE,Physical Therapy,Ponta Grossa,Brazil;3AC Camargo Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology,Sao Paulo,Brazil10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.383Objectives Recently,breast reconstruction after mastectomywith nipple preservation became an option of breast cancer surgery.Despite its efficacy and aesthetic superiority,the nip-ple preservation is associated with several complications in the postoperative period.The photobiomodulation therapy,for-merly known as low-intensity laser therapy,demonstrated tis-sue promotion repair by cellular repair biostimulation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects.These characteris-tics suggest a potential role for repair of chronic wounds andmay be applicable in necrosis treatment.Our aim was toreport the effects of the physiotherapeutic intervention through photobiomodulation therapy in a patient with nipple necrosis after risk reducing mastectomy.Methods We report a case of a breast cancer surgery with nip-ple necrosis treated with low-level laser therapy.The patientwas a36-year-old women who developed skin nipple necrosisin the right breast after bilateral reconstructive mastectomy.She had6sessions of low-level laser therapy.Results A female subject developed a nipple necrosis of morethan40%on the right breast after mastectomy and recon-struction.She was referred to Physical Therapy(PT)and thePT sessions were composed by manual lymph drainage,man-ual therapy for de AWS,exercises of strength and flexibility, followed by LLLT with laser660nm,2joules per point atevery1cm.Therapy was implemented for12times in total,from May2016to June2016.A re-evaluation was performed monthly from July13,2016to November2017.After18 months of follow-up,the sustained effects of LLLT were found.Conclusions Low-level laser therapy is effective for the skin cicatrization after nipple necrosis.IGCS19-0446384CONTRACEPTION AND FERTILITY COUNSELING INPATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY1A Elnaggar*,2A Calfee,1LB Daily,2T Hasley,1T Tillmanns.1West Cancer Center and Research Institute,Gynecologic Oncology,Memphis,USA;2University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Obstetrics and Gynecology,Mempis,USA10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.384Objectives Cancer care advances allow more patients to pursue fertility.Unfortunately,treatments may have detrimental effectson fertility and fetus should pregnancy occur.This study examines physician documentation and patient perceptions of fertility and contraception counseling. on December 24, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright./ Int J Gynecol Cancer: first published as 10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.384 on 18 September 2019. Downloaded fromMethods IRB approval obtained for a cross-sectional study of men and women,ages18–50,with newly diagnosed malig-nancy between May2017and2018.Prior sterilization,secon-dary or synchronous cancer,or prior chemotherapy were exclusionary.Consented patients received a survey regarding perception on receipt and quality of,counseling.Demographic, sexual,and social information was obtained.Differences were evaluated using chi-square tests.Results Fifty-three of179patients identified participated. Majority were women(75v25%).Patients were more likely to have perceived counseling for contraception and fertility than documented.The majority perceived counseling as suffi-cient regarding contraception and fertility.Men were more likely than women to be perceive counsel-ing regarding fertility(85v43%,p=0.010).However,both felt fertility counseling to be sufficient with similar rates of documentation.Caucasians were more likely to perceive receipt of fertility counseling(68v29%)and to perceive it to be sufficient(70v40%),then African Americans,with the same rate of documentation(35%).Conclusions Significant discrepancies in perception counsel-ing regarding contraception and fertility were seen.Gen-der and race were important factors for the perception of fertility counseling,while only race was a factor to qual-ity of perceived counseling.These differences occurred despite equal rates of physician documentation,across all groups.IGCS19-0430385WHO ARE YOU CALLING OLD?PRACTICE PATTERNS AND MANAGEMENT OF NONAGENARIANS PRESENTINGTO A GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGIST FOR INITIALCONSULTATIONE Ryan*,B Margolis,B Pothuri.New York University Langone Health,Obstetrics and Gynecology,New York,USA10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.385Objectives T o describe the practice patterns and treatment of nonagenarians who initiated care with a gynecologic oncologist.Methods Retrospective chart review of women aged90or older who presented to a gynecologic oncologist between10/ 09and12/18at an urban academic medical center.Descrip-tive statistics utilized for variables of interest.Results We identified34nonagenarians(median age92,range 90–98):10(29%)had benign disease,8(24%)pre-malignancy or suspected malignancy,and16(47%)malignancy.Of these, 79%had age and/or functional status discussed in the care plan.Of the8with suspected malignancy,5declined further workup.The cancer distribution revealed5(31%)vulvar,5 (31%)uterine,4(25%)ovarian,1(6%)vaginal and1(6%) cervical bined,37%had stage I disease;6% stage3;6%stage4;13%recurrent;and25%unstaged.All received treatment plans:7(47%)with palliative intent and8 (53%)with curative intent.In the curative group,7under-went surgery(1adjuvant chemotherapy)and1chemotherapy/radiation.In the palliative group,4underwent radiation,1 chemotherapy and2declined/unknown.Overall,13(87%) completed the proposed treatment.T reatment-related complica-tions included1superficial skin infection and1thirty-day readmission.Conclusions Nonagenarians often presented with vulvar or endometrial cancer and87%successfully completed treatmentwith minimal adverse effects or toxicity.Age and/or functionalstatus were considered in the care plan for79%of women,but it did not preclude treatments that had the potential to preserve meaningful quality of life and/or cure patients oftheir disease.IGCS19-0646386RISK FACTORS COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRICASSESSMENT FOR EARLY DEATH IN ELDERLY PATIENTSWITH GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER.A PROSPECTIVECOHORT STUDY1J Sales*,2C Azevedo,2C santos,3L sales,4M Bezerra,5G Bezerra,4Z cavalcanti,6MJ Mello.1IMIP,Geriatric Oncology,Recife,Brazil;2IMIP,Oncology,Recife,Brazil;3FPS,Medical Course,Recife,Brazil;4IMIP,geriatric,Recife,Brazil;5HMV,oncology,caruaru,Brazil;6IMIP,post graduation,Recife,Brazil10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.386Objectives T o determine risk factors for early death identifiedthe Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment(CGA)in elderly patients with gynecological cancer(EPGC).Methods Prospective cohort study.Participants with a recent diagnosis of cancer were from eight community hospitals andone cancer center in Northeast Brazil and were recruited dur-ing their first medical appointment at the outpatient oncologic clinic.A basal CGA was done before the treatment decision (ADL,Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI,Karnofsky Perform-ance status–KPS,GDS15,IPAQ,MMSE,MNA,MNA-SF,PS,PPS,Polipharmacy,TUG).During the follow up of12 months,information about the treatments performed,the tar-geted interventions and early death was collected.Overall sur-vival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method,and survival curves were compared using the Log rank test for cat-egorical variables.A multivariate Cox proportional hazardsmodel was used.Results From2015–2017,84EPGC,mean age69,6±7,9;range60–96),were enrolled,25%were metastatic disease.tumor site:40,4%cervical uterine,36,9%endometrial,20,2%ovary and2,3vulva.Nine(10.7%)ECP died in less than12 months of follow-up.In our multivariate model,controlled byage,site of cancer and cancer stage,the remaining significantrisk factors were malnutrition/nonutrition determined byMNA-SF(HR3.70,95%CI1.81–5.99,p<0.001),Katz index(HR 3.60,CI 1.56–3.81,p<0.001)CCI>2(HR2,74,CI1.0.74–10.20,p=0.013)and Polipharmacy(HR2.65,CI0.71–9.81,p<0.001).Conclusions The CGA at admission identified risk factors (Nutritional risk,polypharmacy,functionality for Katz indexand comorbidity index)for premature death in EPGC.They can help to plan a personalized care. on December 24, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright./ Int J Gynecol Cancer: first published as 10.1136/ijgc-2019-IGCS.384 on 18 September 2019. Downloaded from。
国外卫星有：WorldView 1/2/3，GeoEye1/2，RapidEye,IKONOS,QuickBird,Spot5,Spot6,Landsat-5 TM,Landsat-7 ETM+,Landsat-8 ALI,Pleiades,Alos,terrasar-x,radarsat-2,全美锁眼卫星全系列(1960-1980)，印度Cartosat-1(又名IRA-P5)国内卫星有:HJ-A/B CCD,ZY-02-C,ZY-3,CBERS-3/4,天绘系统,高分系列,资源系列等一、Landsat7卫星的TM/ETM+数据介绍TM是一种遥感器，搭载在美国陆地卫星Landsat系列卫星上。
TM影像是指美国陆地卫星4～5号专题制图仪（thematic mapper）所获取的多波段扫描影像。
有7个波段Landsat-7，星上携带专题制图仪ETM，ETM具有8个波段，其中1-5波段和7波段是多光谱波段，空间分辨率是30米，第六波段是热红外波段，空间分辨率是120米，第8波段为全色波段，分辨率为15米。
景宽185公里，景面积为34225平方公里。
波段介绍：1.TM1 0.45-0.52um,蓝波段对水体穿透强, 该波段位于水体衰减系数最小，散射最弱的部位（0.45—0.55um）,对水体的穿透力最大，可获得更多水下信息，用于判断水深，浅海水下地形，水体浑浊度，沿岸水，地表水等；能够反射浅水水下特征，区分土壤和植被、编制森林类型图、区分人造地物类型,分析土地利用。
对叶绿素与叶色素反映敏感,有助于判别水深及水中叶绿素分布以及水中是否有水华等。
2.TM2 0.52-0.60um,绿波段对植物的绿反射敏感该波段位于健康绿色植物的绿色反射率（0.54—-0.55um）附近；对健康茂盛植物的反射敏感, 主要观测植被在绿波段中的反射峰值,这一波段位于叶绿素的两个吸收带之间,利用这一波段增强鉴别植被的能力对绿的穿透力强, 探测健康植被绿色反射率,按绿峰反射评价植物的生活状况,区分林型,树种，植被类型和评估作物长势对水体有一定的穿透力，可反映水下特征，水体浑浊度，水下地形，沙洲，沿岸沙地等。
Shaver series 9000 Lames V-Track PrecisionTêtes ContourDetect8 directionsTondeuse de précision SmartClickS9051/13La perfection à chaque passage Coupe jusqu'à 20 % de poils en plus* en un seul passageLe rasoir Series 9000 offre notre meilleur rasage à ce jour. La technologie exclusive ContourDetect est d'une efficacité exceptionnelle sur tous les contours de votre visage, tandis que le système V-Track guide les poils afin de leur donner une position de coupe optimale, pour un rasage de près.Conçu pour la perfectionLes lames guident les poils afin de leur donner une position optimale pour un rasagede prèsLes têtes s'inclinent dans 8 directions, pour un résultat impeccableUn rasage confortableObtenez un rasage à sec confortable ou rafraîchissant sur peau humide grâce ausystème AquaTecFacile à utiliserIcônes intuitives facilitant l'utilisation des modes60 minutes d’autonomie pour 1 h de chargeLe rasoir peut être rincé sous l'eau du robinetavec 2 ans de garantieObtenez le meilleur de votre rasoirAccessoire tondeuse clipsable pour une moustache et des pattes impeccablesPoints fortsLames V-Track PrecisionObtenez un rasage parfait. Les lames V-Track Precision positionnent les poilsidéalement pour une coupe optimale, quelle que soit leur longueur, et même s'ils sont couchés. Elles coupent 30 % plus près enmoins de passages, pour une peau préservée.Têtes ContourDetect 8 directionsSuivez les contours de votre visage et de votre cou grâce aux têtes ContourDetect quis'inclinent dans 8 directions. Vous couperez 20 % de poils en plus à chaque passage, pour un rasage de près confortable.AquaTec Wet & DryRasez-vous comme bon vous semble. Avec le système AquaTec Wet & Dry, vous pouvez opter pour un rasage à sec rapide etconfortable, ou vous raser sur peau humide -avec du gel ou de la mousse - même sous la douche.Tondeuse de précision SmartClickClipsez notre tondeuse de précisionrespectueuse de la peau pour parfaire votre style. C'est la solution idéale pour entretenir la moustache et tailler les pattes.Écran LED à 3 niveauxL'écran intuitif affiche des informations pratiques pour obtenir des performances optimales de votre rasoir : - Indicateurs decharge 3 niveaux et de verrouillage - Indicateur de nettoyage - Indicateur de batterie faible -Indicateur de remplacement des têtes60 minutes d’autonomieDésormais, grâce à la meilleure autonomie des rasoirs Philips, le système de charge offre deux options pratiques : 1 h de charge pour60 minutes d'autonomie, ou une charge rapide pour un rasage. Tous les modèles de rasoirs Series 9000 sont conçus pourfonctionner uniquement en mode sans fil, pour une sécurité totale en milieu humide.Rasoir entièrement lavableIl vous suffit d'ouvrir la tête de rasage et de larincer soigneusement sous l'eau.iF DESIGN AWARD 2015Rasoir Series 9000Précision, maîtrise et maniabilité sont les caractéristiques clés du rasoir Series 9000. Le système V-Track guide les poils afin de leur donner une position de coupe optimale, pour un rasage de près, tandis que les têtes flottantes 8 directions coupent plus de poils à la fois, pour un résultat net en moins de passages. Le système AquaTecWet & Dry permet un rasage à sec agréable ou un rasage rafraîchissant à l'eau, avec un gel ou une mousse à raser, pour encore plus deconfort.Logo « Produit Vert » PhilipsLes produits verts de Philips permettent de réduire les coûts, la consommationénergétique et les émissions de ment ? Grâce à une améliorationenvironnementale significative dans un ou plusieurs de nos champs d'actionsécologiques clés (efficacité énergétique,conditionnement, substances dangereuses,poids, recyclage, recyclabilité et durabilité).CaractéristiquesPerformance de rasageSuivi des contours: Têtes ContourDetect8 directionsSkinComfort: AquaTec Wet & DrySystème de rasage: Lames V-Track Precision, Système Super Lift&CutAccessoiresSmartClick: Tondeuse de précision Trousse: Trousse de voyage Facile d'utilisationAfficheur: Indicateur d'autonomie à 3 niveaux,Voyant de charge faible, Voyant de nettoyage,Voyant de remplacement des têtes, Indicateurde verrouillage pour les transportsNettoyage: Entièrement lavableDesignCouleur: CeresManche: Design ergonomique pour une bonneprise en mainAlimentationType de batterie: Lithium-ionAutonomie: 60 min / 20 rasagesCharge: Charge complète en 1 heure, Chargerapide pour un rasageTension automatique: 100-240 VConsommation en veille: 0,1 WConsommation maximale: 9 WEntretienDeux ans de garantieTête de rechange: Remplacer tous lesdeux ans avec SH90* Coupe jusqu'à 20 % de poils en plus par rapport auxmodèles SensoTouch© 2019 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Tous droits réservés.Les caractéristiques sont sujettes àmodification sans préavis. Les marques commerciales sont la propriété de Koninklijke Philips N.V. ou de leurs détenteurs respectifs.Date de publication 2019‑08‑01Version: 2.0.1EAN: 08 71010 37822 23 。
·国外新药·降血磷新药———司维拉姆朱珠(北京100730中国医学科学院-中国协和医科大学北京协和医院药剂科) 盐酸司维拉姆(sevelamer hy drochloride,商品名Re-naG el),又名交联多聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐,G T10-026A,PB94,是美国G elT ex P harmaceuticals Inc.公司研制生产的Ⅰ类新药, 1998年10月30日由美国F DA批准上市。
其化学名为聚(烯丙基胺基-共-N,N -二烯丙基-1,3-二氨基-2-羟丙烷)盐酸盐。
这是个亲水化合物,但不溶于水。
结构如下。
图1 司维拉姆的结构图a,b-主要胺基数目,a+b=9;c-表示交联基团c的数目,c=1;n-可质子化胺基数目,n=0.4;m-表示取合物网状交联数目1 作用机制治疗高磷血症的策略包括减少饮食中磷的摄入、用磷酸根结合剂抑制小肠中磷酸根的吸收、用透析法除去体内的多余磷酸根等。
本品是阳离子聚合物,它所携带的多个胺基可在小肠内质子化而带正电荷,通过离子交换和氢键与小肠中的磷酸根结合。
在pH7.0时,本品与磷酸根的结合作用最佳,在体外本品每克可结合2.6mmol磷酸根[1]。
当小肠内pH大于7时,因为质子化的本品转化成了不带电荷的原形,与磷酸盐的结合能力明显下降[2]。
本品是新颖的磷酸根结合剂,不含钙和铝是其突出的优点,可有效地使没有透析的慢性肾衰患者血清磷酸水平降低[1]。
它可作为钙盐的合理替代品,用于肾功能衰竭晚期患者高磷血症的治疗;也可利用其与骨化三醇结合的特点,控制患者体内的甲状旁腺素水平和代谢性骨病,而不会引起高钙血症或铝中毒。
研究发现,健康受试者连续口服本品5d后血清磷水平和尿中磷排泄显著减少,提示可与食物中的磷结合后从粪便排出[2]。
采用本品降低血清磷浓度的同时,还可使血清钙浓度、总胆固醇浓度和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著降低,而甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和血白蛋白则没有改变。
无添加产品简介无添加妆品是以有机植物为主要原料，不添加人工香料、人工色素、不含石油成份，所添加的防腐剂及表面活性剂必须受到严格限制，且制造过程需符合相关规定，不能使用动物实验及利用放射线杀菌的产品。
更为重要的一点是有无添加肤品的原料要求在培养、生产、萃取、制作的环境（如土壤）及过程中，不受基因变种及人工化学添加剂的影响。
另外无添加肤品还蕴含多种养份，包括维他命、抗氧化物、微量元素及重要的有机物质如胺基酸及脂肪酸，有助维持肌肤的重要功能，完全益于人体健康。
是孕妇的首选！对于有机品成分的含量国际上还没有统一的标准但是对于其不含什么，却有个较为统一的标准（列于下方）：无添加化妆品的标准：1、不含任何动物成份；2、不含任何人造活性成份；3、不含任何化学活效成份；4、不含汞、铅等重金属；5、不含矿物油，如凡士林、石蜡等；6、不含任何防腐剂；7、不含任何基因改造的元素；8、不含任何基因改造的元素；9、不含任何经辐射处理的物质；10、不含任何荷尔蒙；11、不含任何人造香料；12、不含气味中和剂；13、不含任何人造维他命；14、不含非天然色彩；15、不含海沙或其他水晶物质；16、不含会堵塞毛孔的粉状成份。
目前世界著名无添加化妆品介绍日本品牌：FANCL、TAMANOHADA（玉之肌）、HABA、DHC、SCOS、Pretty（珀淇）法国品牌：CYGEDIS 赛格蒂斯 NUXE欧树、L’OCCITANE欧舒丹美国品牌：Kiehl’s 契尔氏、BURT’S BEES小蜜蜂、ORIGINS品木宣言韩国品牌：0'clean(零可琳)赛格蒂斯无添加化妆品品牌无添加 (CYGEDIS)1980年，布拉格·蒂斯小姐 (MIS.DIS) 涉足“无添加”护肤新领域，并在1981年重新确定赛格蒂斯品牌全球战略无添加。
无添加生产的化妆品是在基础化妆品中融入天然美容成份，是无着色、无香料、弱酸性、有利于任何肌肤 (包括敏感型) 保养的全天然产品。
在NCEPGDAS中同化MSG和GOES资料朱彤;翁富忠【期刊名称】《大气科学学报》【年(卷),期】2012(035)004【摘要】Infrared（IR） observations from Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager（SEVIRI） on board Meteosat Second Generation（MSG）-2 satellite are assimilated into NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） global data assimilation system（ GDAS ）. The assimilation of current Geosta- tionary Operational Environmental Satellite（GOES）Imager data was also reinvestigated. The Commu- nity Radiative Transfer Model（CRTM） was used as observation operator for the simulation of SEVIRI radiance observations. The CRTM was enhanced with several critical components for IR radiance simu- lation, such as a dynamically-updated land surface emissivity data, as well as fast and accurate gaseous absorption modules. The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System （ GSICS ） calibration corrections were applied to improve the simulation of SEVIRI and GOES Imager radiances. Preliminary results show that inclusions of the SEVIRI radiances at water CO2channel（13.40 μm） in Global Forecast System（GFS） vapor channels （6. 25 and 7.35 μm ）and produced significant positive impacts on the six-day forecasts. Assimilation of other five SEVIRI IR window channels in GFS reduces the positive impact. By applying GSICS calibration algorithm to correct SEVIRIand GOES-12 Imager observations biases, the impacts on GFS forecast were improved. Further studies are being carried out to improve the effective assimilation of SEVIRI IR window channels radiances.%首次将MSG-2（Meteosat Second Generation-2）卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪（Spin—ning Enhanced Visibleand Infrared Imager，SEVIRI）的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心（Na—tional Centers for Environmental Prediction，NCEP）全球资料同化系统（globaldataassimilationsys—tern，GDAS）中。
BabyquasarLightStimTandaTALIKAExidealPim 家⽤美容仪分类⽬前市⾯上你能看到的那么多让⼈眼花缭乱的东西，其实也就这么⼏种~~由于内容较多，时间有限，安⼤⼈决定分期播放！今天咱们就先来看看最简单的⼀种——LED美容仪~因为技术含量低，没啥门槛，使⽤也没啥风险，男⼥⽼少皆宜，所以这也是⽬前产品最多的⼀种。
看懂LED美容仪，你必须了解1.啥叫光刺激作⽤？科学家们发现某些低能量的光可以加速伤⼝愈合，这个就叫光刺激作⽤。
⾄于这个作⽤的发⽣机制是啥？⽬前还不是很清楚，推测是通过改善⾎液循环或者刺激胶原合成来实现的。
2.啥叫光热作⽤？当组织吸收光⼦能量后，⼤多数情况下可以转变为热，导致吸收光⼦能量的这些组织变性、甚⾄凝固或坏死，这个就是光热作⽤。
如果短时间内吸收巨能量的光⼦，则可能导致组织的物理性崩解（或者叫爆破）这就是激光洗纹⾝的原理哦，听着是不是都觉得好疼？所以纹⾝前⼀定要想清楚啊~3.啥叫光调作⽤？利⽤LED的照射来调控细胞活性，达到嫩肤的效果~这个不同于前⾯讲的光热作⽤，它是不发热的，或者微热，温度远远达不到适度损伤刺激再⽣的效果。
那它是怎样调控细胞活性的呢？很遗憾，这个现在也没⼈说的清~但是可以确定的是，科学家们的确观察到了这个作⽤，也正在加紧研究中~~所以效果是确实存在的。
各种红光、黄光、红外光神马的都是靠这个作⽤~另外，其实不仅仅是LED的光可以，激光或者强光（也就是你们经常听到的光⼦嫩肤的那个光）也都有光调作⽤~4.啥叫光的选择性？我们脸上的各种组织，对于光的吸收并不是来者不拒的~~只有符合它胃⼝的才会⼤⼝⼤⼝的吸收~也只有吸收了⾜够多的光才能产⽣某些作⽤！⽐如有了⾜够的热量，才能⼲掉⿊⾊素OR封闭⽑细⾎管什么的。
其实它的专业术语叫选择性光热作⽤~划重点，敲⿊板：想要弄清楚医美各种项⽬的同学，请认真记住这个词，并理解它~以后做功课的时候可是会经常⽤到的哦~热门产品详解1Baby quasar美国品牌，获美国FDA的II类医疗器械认证，⽬前国内没有售卖，只能海淘或者代购。
METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION:SEVIRI IMAGING PERFORMANCE RESULTS FROM THE MSG-1COMMISSIONING PHASEC. G. Hanson, J. Mueller and P. PiliEUMETSATAm Kavalleriesand 31, 64295 Darmstadt, GermanyDonny M. A. AminouESA/ESTECKeplerlaan 1, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The NetherlandsB. Jacquet and S. BianchiALCATEL Space Industries100 Boulevard du Midi, 06150 Cannes La Bocca Cedex, FranceP. Coste and F. FaureAstrium SAS31, Avenue des Cosmonautes, 31402 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceABSTRACTThe first satellite of the Meteosat Second Generation series (MSG-1) was launched on 29 August 2002 by an Ariane 5 rocket. The commissioning of SEVIRI started on 27 November 2002, and the first SEVIRI image was taken at 12:30z on 28 November. MSG-1 commissioning will continue until the end of 2003. During the commissioning phase, dedicated SEVIRI instrument tests have been conducted to verify the instrument functionality and performances. This paper summarises the main results of the SEVIRI imaging functionality and performance tests executed during commissioning. These SEVIRI commissioning results have mainly been obtained from the Image Quality Ground Support Equipment (IQGSE), however, comparable results are expected from the image processing system that will be used for routine operations (IMPF).1. INTRODUCTIONMeteosat Second Generation (MSG) is a series of 4 geostationary satellites developed and procured by the European Space Agency (ESA) on behalf of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The first satellite (MSG-1) was launched on 29 August 2002 by an Ariane 5 rocket. During the commissioning phase, dedicated SEVIRI instrument tests have been conducted to verify the instrument functionality and performances. This paper will focus on the results from the SEVIRI functionality and imaging performance results.The prime contractor of the MSG satellite series is Alcatel Space Industries (France) and the Imaging Radiometer SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) was procured under the responsibility of Astrium SAS (France), under an ESA contract, on behalf of EUMETSAT.SEVIRI supports 12 spectral channels in the visible/near infra red region (around 0.6, 0.8, and 1.6µm plus the High Resolution Visible (HRV) channel) and in the IR (around 3.9, 6.2, 7.3, 8.7, 9.7, 10.48, 12.0 and 13.4µm). Each channel is equipped with 3 detectors (HRV: 9 detectors) (e.g. SCHMETZ et al, 2002).The MSG imaging mission consists of continuous image taking of the Earth in all 12 spectral channels with a baseline repeat cycle of 15 minutes. The calibration of the infrared channels can be performed every 15 minutes using an internal blackbody. The imager provides data from the full Earth disk in all channels except for the high resolution visible (HRV) channel.For the results presented here, the raw SEVIRI data were analysed using the Image Quality Ground Support Equipment (IQGSE, BLANCKE et al, 1998). The IQGSE rectifies raw SEVIRI image data and analyses the data with respect to their geometric accuracy and their radiometric noise. The IQGSE also generates Level 1.5 SEVIRI images with a limited population of header and trailer fields. These IQGSE Level 1.5 images were disseminated to the users during the commissioning phase while the image processing system that will be used for routine operations (IMPF) was undergoing a final validation and tuning.2. SEVIRI IMAGING FUNCTIONALITY TESTSThe First Image was taken at 12:30z on 28 November 2002. An initial optimisation of SEVIRI image taking parameters to ensure that the full Earth disk was well centred was not necessary since the predictions were sufficiently precise, although tight at the South Pole. Some channels needed adjustments of the biases, gains and offsets to obtain non-saturated images. In the following early phase of SEVIRI commissioning, the instrument functionality was tested. The aim of the test was the verification of all specified imaging functionality. The tests can be described in the following categories:•Routine imaging of the Earth using the 15 minute baseline repeat cycle•Routine blackbody calibrations at ambient and heated (ambient + 20K) temperatures• Star sensing•Adjustment and optimisation of detection chain parameters (detector gains, offsets, biases and sampling delays)•Adjustment of the Operations Parameters (controlling e.g. the scan size and area)•Adjustment of Configuration ParametersA baseline repeat cycle begins with the scan mirror pointing below the South Pole. At each satellite rotation, the mirror moves northwards to obtain one scan line. A scan line contains 3 image lines (one per detector) for the visible, near infrared and infra red channels and 9 image lines for the HRV channel. In a nominal repeat cycle, 1249 such scan lines provide an image of the full earth. With a satellite rotation of about 100 rpm, the forward scan takes 12 ½ minutes. After a short period with the scan mirror stopped, a calibration with the blackbody calibration source can optionally be performed. Then, the scan mirror is wound back roughly 1249 scan lines. The number of scan lines during this retrace can vary slightly to compensate for small variations of the earth's apparent north-south position with respect to the SEVIRI. The speed of the mirror is 6 times higher during retrace compared to forward scan so that the retrace takes a little more than 2 minutes. The mirror is then stopped until 15 minutes from the start of the repeat cycle have expired and the next repeat cycle can begin.Star sensing is an experimental tool to improve the knowledge of the attitude of the spacecraft. The SEVIRI HRV channel is sensible enough to register bright stars. For this purpose dedicated "star sensing windows" can be defined within a repeat cycle. They are similar to the HRV windows used for earth observation but much smaller. Image data is sent down with 12 rather than 10 significant bits for these star sensing windows. There are obviously no useful astronomical observations possible, but once the star is identified in the raw image it is possible to infer the pointing of SEVIRI and therefore the pointing of the whole spacecraft with high precision. Stars were found in the star sensing windows verifying this functionality of SEVIRI.All detection chains were optimised such that: 1) No significant saturation was observed in the image and during ambient and heated blackbody calibrations and, 2) The full 10-bit range was used in all channels apart from IR 6.2 and IR 7.3, where the gain was intentionally set low to prevent saturation during blackbody calibrations. Configurable sampling delays introduced in the detection chains are used to adjust the east-west position of the pixels of the detectors of a specific channel in the raw image with respect to each other. Originally, the detectors were adjusted so that they were exactly 2.0 pixel diameters apart in the east-west direction. In a second step they were perfectly aligned. This has, however, no impact on the geometric accuracy of the Level 1.5 image because the alignment is corrected for in any case.The MSG-1 SEVIRI baseline imaging functionality has been successfully verified. SEVIRI is fully capable of performing the routine imaging mission.3. OTHER SEVIRI IMAGING FUNCTIONALITY TESTSIn addition, the following SEVIRI functionality has also been tested:•The ability to image with non-baseline HRV window positions (i.e. with various HRV window split positions and window offsets)•The ability to image with non-baseline Repeat Cycles (e.g. with repeat cycle durations of 5 minutes and 7 minutes)•The ability to image at both the 85 K and 95 K focal plane operating temperatures•The ability to perform a decontaminationThe HRV channel covers not the full east-west extent of the Earth but only half of it. Which part of the Earth is scanned by the HRV is configurable. Also, during one repeat cycle, this configuration can be changed once. This way, one or two separate "HRV windows" can be scanned. Two examples can be found in Figure 1 below. The ability to image with non-baseline HRV windows has been successfully verified.Figure 1 - Two (of many) possible HRV Window PositionsThe duration of a repeat cycle can be shorter than 15 minutes (these non-baseline repeat cycles are also known as “mini-scans” or “rapid scans”). The price of the reduction of the duration is the reduction of the north-south image size. The image duration, and north-south size and positions can be configured using non nominal numbers of forward scan lines and retrace scan lines. Repeat cycle durations of 5 minutes and 7 minutes have been successfully tested.The infra red detectors are cooled down to 95K to allow for imaging in the thermal infra red spectral region. It is also possible to go even further and to operate the detectors at 85K to further improve the signal to noise. The ability perform SEVIRI imaging has been successfully verified at both the 85 K and 95K focal plane operating temperatures.Due to their low temperature, the infra red optics and the cooling system collect contaminants – mainly water vapour. To remove these contaminants, it is possible to heat the system up for a limited amount of time. A first decontamination was performed shortly after launch before the start of the imaging mission. The second decontamination was performed between 18 (SEVIRI into Standby) and 24 March 2003 (first images after decontamination). The decontamination itself was performed without imaging, as it took place during eclipse (to save power). A third decontamination was performed between 11 and 14 August 2003. This time, SEVIRI was imaging on the HRV, VIS and NIR channels.4. SEVIRI GEOMETRIC PERFORMANCEAn image is formed by a specific arrangement of the samples that have been taken by the imager instrument. Geometric accuracy is defined in terms of the errors in the site that are attributed to the samples. The main requirements for the SEVIRI geometric accuracy are given in Table 1. In addition, there are requirements on e.g. Level 1.0 image sampling distances and the Level 1.0 inter-channel spatial co-registration.EW NSAbsolute accuracy 1.00 1.000.400.40Relative accuracy (betweenimages)1.00 1.00Relative accuracy (withinan image, 500 x 500)0.250.25Relative accuracy (withinan image, 16 x 16)Table 1 - The main SEVIRI geometric performance specifications in sampling distances5. SEVIRI IMAGING PERFORMANCE TESTSThe SEVIRI geometric performances have been assessed under nominal conditions (i.e. outside of eclipse and manoeuvre conditions) using the IQGSE. The IQGSE identifies landmarks (coastlines) in the Level 1.5 image and derives statistics from their expected and their actual position. From there, the geometric accuracy can be derived for:•Level 1.5 geometric accuracy:• absolute,•relative from image-to-image,•relative within an image (500 x 500 and 16 x 16)•Level 1.0 image sampling distances•Level 1.0 inter-channel spatial co-registrationAn example for the absolute accuracy is shown in Figure 2. From Figure 2, it is obvious that the results for individual landmarks do not agree. Hence, only statistical measures allow for a sound quality assessment.For the nominal case, the geometric performances are met with margin.IR 12.0 Channel Absolute Error0.10.20.30.40.50.60.726/05/03 00:0026/05/03 12:0027/05/03 00:0027/05/03 12:0028/05/03 00:0028/05/03 12:0029/05/03 00:00S a m p l i n g D i s t a n c eFigure 2 – An example of absolute geometric performance of the IR 12.0 µm channel as determined by the IQGSE. The gaps correspond to periods where no landmarks were detected. Lines representthe RMS mean and the small bars the observed extrema.6. ECLIPSE AND MANOEUVRE PERFORMANCE TESTSSEVIRI performances have also been assessed under eclipse and manoeuvre conditions, where some loss of image quality is expected.An eclipse occurs for MSG-1 when the Earth is between the Sun and the spacecraft. During spring and autumn for several weeks, this happens every night for up to 1 ½ hours. For MSG-1, this is a period of power shortage (only battery power is available) and thermal shock. Moreover, the sun sensor, which normally allows for an exact timing of the collection of image data when the earth comes into the filed of view during a satellite rotation, no longer works. Hence, the timing is performed using an earth sensor device, which is much less precise. The effect is an enhanced "jitter" in the raw image - a misalignment of scan lines in the east-west direction. Therefore, some loss of image quality around an eclipse is expected. The performance specification defines an eclipse outage period, which is the maximum number of images for which the nominal performance specifications can be exceeded. For the eclipse case, this outage specification is met with a significant margin.A first manoeuvre after start of imaging was performed on Tuesday 13 May. This was to keep MSG-1 on its foreseen longitude ("East-West Stationkeeping"). As for the eclipse case, some loss of image quality around a manoeuvre is expected, and the performance specification defines a manoeuvre outage period. For the manoeuvre case, the results obtained to date indicate that it should be possible to meet the outage specification with margin. However, the manoeuvre outage assessment will only be finalised once more manoeuvres have taken place.7. SUMMARYThe MSG-1 SEVIRI imaging functionality has been extensively tested and successfully verified. The MSG-1 SEVIRI geometric performance results show that:•The Level 1.0 (raw) images are of excellent quality and can be rectified to within the specified accuracy.•The geometric performances meet the specifications, usually with a significant margin.•The eclipse outage specification is met with a significant margin.•Based on the results so far obtained, the manoeuvre outage specification should be met with margin.The performance results presented here have been obtained with the IQGSE. On-going tests indicate that it will be possible to achieve similar performances with the image processing system (IMPF) that will be used for MSG-1 routine operations.8. REFERENCESSCHMETZ, J., P. Pili, S. Tjemkes, D. Just, J. Kerkmann, S. Rota and A. Ratier, (2002) An Introduction to Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., pp 977 - 992.BLANCKE, B., J.L. Carr, M. Mangolini, and B. Pourcelot, (1998), Processing and Quality Measurement of Meteosat Second Generation Images: The IQGSE Software, 49th International Astronautical Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 28 September – 2 October 1998.。
