新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案unit3.pdf

Unit 1Active reading 1First reading Task 1CFirst reading Task 2BCCDCAReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.attendance2.ambitious3.productive4.resistance5.script6.acceptanceReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.mortgage2.deck3.surf4.(1)coastal (2) defy5.clamped6.criticized7.hauled8.precedingReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3 BABBB BABBActive reading 2First reading TaskReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 1 1. (1)elapsed (2) cemetery2. (1)rear (2) crammed3triple4. (1)budding (2) biography5.finite6.dwellers7.invest8.skip9.inevitableReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 2 ABAAA BAAAB BAABB BAGuided writingWriting Task 11-b,2-c,3-aWriting Task 21-c,2-a,3-bUnit testPart I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A1.ingenious2.promotion3.surf4.provisiona5.Chronologically6.ambitious7.Inevitably8.skip9.impromptu10.resistance11.untimely12.defy13.permanently14.attendance15.prologue16.allot17.acceptance18.uncertainty19.productive20.humiliationSection B21.on22.out23.for24.to25.about26.in27.of28.at29.out30.underPart II: Banked Cloze31.promotion32.transition33.sidelines34.lengthy35.rear36.dwellers37.mortgage38.finite39.budding40.coastalPart III: Reading ComprehensionCBDDAUnit 2Active reading 1First reading Task 11.The parents couldn't afford to give the children expensivepresents,so they would buy presents after Christmas at a reduced price.2. Other children's parents told them that their presents were left by Santa Claus and made in the North Pole.In fact,the presentswere made in Japan and left by the parents.3.They celebrated Christmas about a week later,because at that time they could get Christmas trees,wrapping paper,decorations,andpresents more cheaply,or even for free.4.One child went into the desert with the father each time.5.They went to see the stars because the father wanted to"give" eachchild a star or planet.He said that these were their Christmas presens.6.According to the father,the stars didn't belong to anyone,sothey could be claimed by the children.7.Betelgeuse and Rigel are stars,while Venus is a planet,not a star.Venus is smaller than a star and doesn't make its own light.8.The stars last much longer than toys.The father says that whenthe toys are all broken and forgotten,the stars will still exist.First reading Task 2CReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.twinkle2.horizon3.deceiveyer5.descendants6.magneticReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.marbles2.junkbel4.mythical5.logicalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3B A B B A A AActive reading 2First reading Task 11.expected to be good and industrious2.developing a process of acquiring thought,reason and understanding3.regularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings until they develop social competence,seen as being very naughty.4.trcated with great care and reverence,believed that they arein contact with the spirit world.5.seen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working,going to school not labouring,consumption instead of productionpetent and responsible; expected to workpetent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age,be married and have children at 12 or 13; boys have fewerresponsibilities and get married laterFirst reading Task 2DABDCCReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.contact2.harsh3.consumers4.knitting5.colonies6.take exception to7.impose8.perspect ive9.interveneReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.continual2.dependent on3.ethnic5.outsiders6.reluctance7.externalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3A A AB A B B ALanguage in useTask 11.The star ofthe play is a Hollywood actor.2.I couldn't refuse his offer.3.Columbus claimed America in the name of Queen Isabella.4.He touched the hot dish and burmed his fingers.5.We laughed about all the kids who believed in Santa.6.Our ideas about childhood have undergone changes over the years.7.Our view about children is that they are incompetent and dependent.8.Social anthropologists have questions about the role of childhood in the community.1.irreplaceable2.irrational3.unacceptable4.ineffcient5.inaccurate6.unlikelyTask 3The clauses that usually follow rather than are main clauses,subordinate clauses and-ing form clauses.Note: Nouns can also come after rather than.Task 41.Rather than celebrating Christmas on December 25,they waiteda week.2.Her father offered her the planet Venus,rather than traditional Christmas present.3.Venus is a planet,rather than a star.4.Rather than broken junk,they would always have their stars.5.Rather than work,a child's li fe today is characterized by play.6.Parents treat their children with leniency, rather than reasoning with them.1.core competence2.(1)imposes (2)ban3.tight-knit4.(1)knit (2 )brows5.(1)knit (2) jumper /hat6.energy consumptionTask 6在西方，做父母的非常了解受父母过度保护的孩子的弱点:这些孩子害怕冒险，缺乏决断力，缺少在现实生活中获得成功的手段; 上大学时，许多人无法较好地适应大学生活的严苛，退学是常有的事。

Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。

Unit 3Active Reading (1)21 b 2c 3b 4b 5b 6a31 c 2a 3c 4a 5b 6b41composer 2 constitutes 3capacity 4 qualified 5sufficiently6rhythm 7 derived51.proclaim2.analogy (It’s quite easy to make an apology between poetry and music)3.clarity4.for the sake of5.potent6.costumes61a 2b 3a 4a 5b 6a 7a 8a7 1d 2d8 1, 3, 5, 6Active Reading (2)41 scenario2 pose3 collapse4 surrenders5 marvels6 prosperous7 await8 exceeds51 prominent2 obliging3 perception4 swaying5 distracts6 multiple7 suspending8 devises61b 2b 3b 4a 5a 6a 7b 8aLanguage in use11 songwriter2 film director3 headscarf4 backpack5 lipstick6 shoelace7 mail polish21 Swooping in on a shorter woman, the sailor kissed her.2 Acting impulsively and aiming accurately, he commanded that the camera’s shutter close at the most poignant moment.3 Grabbing the viewer’s attention, the photo never seems to let go.4 Closing her eyes, she was content to remain unaware of her pursuer’s identity.5 Never knowing the truth, they glossed over the war’s miseries and romanticized life.6 One assumes that the couple will live in a split-level home, driving big cars and producing lots of children.31 Regardless of the task set by the magazine which employed him, the photographer always managed to get the best picture.2 He kept looking for the photo, regardless of the crowds.3 Regardless of how perfectly the pose of the sailor and the woman was arranged, he didn’t have to set up this shot.4 Regardless of the facts, people know that life will be good from now on.5 Regardless of what people still remember of photos in the past, this one reminds us that we felt better as a nation and as individuals.51 marvel at2 popular appeal3 highly-/full- /well-qualified4 perceived…as5 exceeded…expectationsTranslation6《格尔尼卡》是西班牙艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索1937年为抗议轰炸西班牙北部一个小村庄而作的一幅巨型壁画。

新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案Unit 1。

Part I。

1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B。

Part II。

1. What’s your major?2. What do you want to be when you graduate?3. How do you like your university life?4. What’s your plan for the future?5. What do you think of the courses you are taking?Part III。

1. C2. A3. B4. C5. A。

Part IV。

1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author think of the traditional way of learning?3. What are the advantages of the new way of learning?4. What does the author suggest students do?5. What can we learn from the passage?Unit 2。

Part I。

1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B。

Part II。

1. What’s your opinion on online shopping?2. What do you think are the advantages of online shopping?3. Have you ever had any bad experiences with online shopping?4. Do you prefer online shopping or traditional shopping?5. What do you think will be the future of online shopping? Part III。

Unit 3Language points1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)The expression for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather inexact terms. It means since we don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms.The word sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical senses rather than to your emotions and thoughts.A plane is a level of thought, development or existence.The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The sheerly musical plane refers to the level of the musical material, melodies, rhythms, harmonies etc. The sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2) means great or pure pleasure.2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is … (Para 1)The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actual ones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion.3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. A kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)To bathe means to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To bathe in the sound means to immerse yourself in the sound, like in water.To engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expression engendered by the mere sound appeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.4 Music allows them to leave it ... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it. (Para 3)The expression apropos of means relating to; it is used to introduce something else about the subject you are talking about. The expression is derived from French, and the final -s is silent in pronunciation.5 ... but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous plane is an important one in music ... but it does not constitute the whole story. (Para 4)To usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone else without having the right to do this.The sentence you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of yourinterest means don’t let it take up a wrong amount of your interest.The expression it does not constitute the whole story means there is more to it than this.6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)The expression we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These are ideas that some people will probably disagree about or not approve of.7 Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music’s expressive side. (Para 5)To shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do something because you are nervous, afraid or not confident.8 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6)The word resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something unpleasant must happen or that you cannot change it. The whole sentence gives nuances –shades of meaning – of different kinds of sadness: sadness which has a feeling of pessimism (things are bad and we can’t change them easil y), sadness to which we may feel resigned – we accept it, sadness that we feel is part of our fate – we can’t avoid it and it is part of our life, and sadness that also has humour, so we smile even though we feel sad.9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane. (Para 9)To become / be alive to something means to know that something is happening and realize how important it is.10 After all, an actual musical material is being used ... He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion. (Para 9)The musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed under the headings of melody (the tune), rhythm (the effects of time or duration of the beats of music, the pulse), harmony (how the notes of music combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes), tone color (how the precise sound of notes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition and variation).11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer. (Para 11)An analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that is intended to show that the two are similar. That the two things are analogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both of them.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is (3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music wasrediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It’s quite easy t o make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy)It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking about something else?3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully?7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.2 Who does the writer address as you?(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.9 Check (¸) the statements you agree with.√ 1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one.Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music.2 He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms.He does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that we listen in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way.√ 3 He thinks all great music is expressive.He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view.4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.No, he doesn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent.√ 5 He is probably a professional musician.I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into the effective way of listening to music.√ 6 He is probably a good teacher.I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses the analogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.Active reading (2)Language points1 We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors and landscapes. (Para 2)Domestic interiors are the inside of households with the rooms, furniture and decorations.Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showing the scenery sometimes with people but the focus mostly on nature.2 While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of a butcher’s boy, Pieter, but also of the painter himself. (Para 6)To go about her duties means to do the work that she is supposed to do. Being on duty means to be working at the moment; being off duty means to be not working at the moment.3 Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in his world. (Para 6)To engage her in his world means to help her to take an interest, understand or take part in what he does.4 Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studio assistant. (Para 7)The expression she has artistic promise means she shows the sign that she is likely to be successful as an artist in the future.5 Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings ...(Para 7)To grind paints means to break something into very small pieces or powder by crushing it between two surfaces or using a machine. In Vermeer’s time, artis ts made their own paints by grinding up different colours and mixing the powder with water or other substances. This task was often done by an apprentice or assistant.6 Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so theapprenticeship takes place in secret. (Para 7)The apprenticeship refers to employment as an apprentice to work for someone, or a company, usually for low pay, in order to learn the type of work they do. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was normal for people to learn how to be an artist by serving as an apprenticeship.7 The film shows very effectively the tension ... for the portrait commissioned by his patron. (Para 12)To commission means to ask someone officially to do some work for you. Commissioning a work of ar t means asking the artist to produce a particular work of art in exchange for payment Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait)3 relating to people’s homes and family life (domestic)4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)5 as a result (consequently)6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artists became interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces suc h as Leonardo’sMona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.Additional activity7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted)2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the localgovernment was definitely one of the victims. (distort)4 You do n’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings.(pierce)5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals)6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break. (in the meantime)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or (b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear sothere is no doubt about it, or (b) leave its meaning unclear?8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling in men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn’t love you any more?Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Form compound nouns to indicate:1 a writer of songs (songwriter)2 a director of films (film director)3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf)4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack)5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick)6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace)7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)might have been / done2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers.The artist and the model might have been lovers.2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.Vermeer might have died in poverty.may be due to the fact that …3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak much Spanish.4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a day when he was quite small.insist that …4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done.She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it.(a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do?It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes. (b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people?They are liked by many people.(c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do?It asks people to give money, probably for a charity.(d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information?They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward with any relevant information.2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job.(a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have?You have lots of medical qualifications.(b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect? It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply. (c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they?They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.3 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services.(a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do?You are planning to get married with the person.(b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening?The government forces are fighting the rebels.(c) If you engage someone in conversation, what do you do?You talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation.4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another.(a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars?You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. You should be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day.(b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into?They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests.(c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods?They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural ones.5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces.(a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it?The beans or seeds become powder.(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night?No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.(c) If the traffic grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly?It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gaytheme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。

UNIT3Done with this task. Your score: 96%Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.1.The Eiffel Tower is such a distinctivesynonymous.Your answer Correct answerfeature feature2.Your answer Correct answerengaged engaged3.I hope for yourYour answer Correct answersake sake4.Did you really just make a(n)Your answer Correct answeranalogy analogy5.—you made your decision and now you have to live with it.Your answer Correct answerdistort distort6.Your answer Correct answertheatrical theatrical7.It must've taken a lot of courage toYour answer Correct answerproclaim proclaim8.It drives me crazy—Carla always knows exactly how tothe weekend.Your answer Correct answerfrustrate frustrate9.Your answer Correct answerrhythm rhythm10.Your answer Correct answerwary warySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Next summer, the developers plan to _____ the old school into a museum.A. convertB. converseC. convertsD. converge12. Can you tell me what steps _____ a valid research proposal?A. constitutionB. constituteC. constituentD. consist13. The school received more money and _____ has been able to hire more teachers.A. consequenceB. consequentialC. consequentD. consequently14. Different cultures' varying conceptions of _____ are visible in the types of clothes they generallywear.A. jealousyB. modestyC. notorietyD. clarity15. Unfortunately, I didn't practice enough so I failed to _____ for the team.A. qualifyB. succeedC. thriveD. attempt16. Her job is to gather the data and then _____ the results to determine their significance.A. analysisB. analyzeC. analyticalD. analyst17. My _____ clouded my judgment and prevented me from acting rationally when I saw my girlfriendwith another man.A. modestyB. clarityC. jealousyD. notoriety18. Jim is in Thailand on vacation; he loves to travel to _____ places.A. eroticB. roboticC. exoticD. mitotic19. Love him or hate him, the President of the United States is one of the most _____ people in theworld.A. influentialB. domesticC. instinctiveD. intransigent20. In a change of pace from his recent international focus, the Prime Minister spoke last night about_____ issues.A. exoticB. rhythmicC. expressiveD. domesticSection C: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Unfortunately, I can't think about anything right now since I'm engageddispute with my landlord.Your answer Correct answerin in22.his art.Your answer Correct answerthat that23.My parents splitYour answer Correct answerup up24.I think my love of nature derivesYour answer Correct answerfrom from25.shoot.Your answer Correct answerdown down26.country.Your answer Correct answerwith with27.Donna givesYour answer Correct answeroff off28.The homeless shelter sent out letters to make an appealYour answer Correct answerfor for29.Margaret is so shy that her eyes always shy awayYour answer Correct answerfrom from30.Your answer Correct answerso soPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Let me pose a(n) situation for you. Imagine that you are very rich and can do almost anything you want. Now imagine that you love art and want to support strugglingartists. You decide to a painting from a young artist whose work you admire. What would you have him paint?Would you ask for an epic battle set in a(n) world of monsters andfairies or would you ask for a realistic, portrait of yourself? If you chosethe latter, you're in good company because that is what I did. I had seen so many beautiful portraits of famous people hanging in museums that I thought it was time to have my very own.It took me a long time to find a highly artist whose work would dojustice to my portrait. In thelot about how art is created. I must admit that, even though I've always admired artists, I never had afull appreciation for their creative talent. I certainly don't have that ability, so I'm incredibly impressedwhen someone knows how to create a work of such beauty.I was fairly nervous about seeing my finished portrait. The artist, likewise, was very nervousabout showing it to me. In the end, I must admit that he did a(n) jobcapturing my likeness. I'm not in love with the painting, but the artist should take (40)in the fact that he did the best he could with his subject. I'm not a very attractive man, so it's almost impossible for my portrait to be beautiful and realistic.Your answer Correct answer(31) hypothetical hypothetical(32) commission commission(33) mythological mythological(34) expressive expressive(35) precisely precisely(36) qualified qualified(37) meantime meantime(38) instinctively instinctively(39) sufficient sufficient(40) consolation consolationPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.When it comes to the arts, many people automatically think of Europe and North America. This is understandable since so many famous artists come from these regions. Many art museums are filled with paintings and drawings from European and North American artists from the past few hundred years. Allcountries, however, have a unique artistic heritage, so it should come as no surprise that countries throughout Africa and Asia have their own artistic styles and histories.Completely landlocked within Southern Africa, the nation of Botswana is particularly susceptible to cultural trends and influences from surrounding countries, chiefly South Africa. However, there is a burgeoning arts scene native to Botswana, and the country also has a long history of distinct artistic traditions.The oldest evidence of art in the country was found in the Tsodilo Hills, located in northwestern Botswana, in the Kalahari Desert. Dating to 1,000—2,000 years ago, these rock paintings form the highest concentration of rock art in the world and are considered sacred by the San minority culture. Today, the San are known for continuing the ancient arts of decorating ostrich eggshells for jewelry and creating ostrich eggshell beads, which they consider to represent good luck and good fortune. Archaeologists believe this type of bead to be the oldest-known man-made bead; they have been recovered at East and Southern African archaeological digs and dated to 28,000—45,000 years ago.The National Museum and Art Gallery in Gaborone is the centrepiece of modern art in the country. It is widely regarded as one of the best art galleries in Southern Africa; it holds regular exhibitions highlighting the work of local artists and also sponsors an annual celebration for local art and artists. The National Museum also acts as custodian for the cultural heritage and traditions of the country, the duties of which include preservation, education, and promotion. Twentieth and twenty-first century painters include Phillip Segola, Ann Gollifer, and Neo Matome.Spring in Gaborone, the capital city, sees the annual Maitisong Festival—the country's largest celebration of the performing arts. The festival includes free outdoor performances at city arenas as well as ticketed indoor events at Gaborone's theatres and arts venues. Performing arts organizations, such as the Mogwana Dance Troupe, are becoming more popular as more and more people embrace and wish to share their cultural heritage.Local handcrafts, supported in large part by the tourist trade, are generally of the utilitarian variety. Handwoven baskets, one of the specialties associated with Botswana, are of extremely high quality. Made almost exclusively in the Okavango region, they are woven with the leaves of the Mokolwane palm and utilize various roots and barks in order to give the baskets their unique colours and designs (typically associated with the nation's traditional lifestyle). Due to the abundance of cattle livestock, leatherwork has also developed as an important and widespread handcraft. Traditionally used to make clothing, blankets, and sleeping mats, leather is today more often used to make designer bags, belts, and accessories.41. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?A. European art is superior to all other art.B. African art is superior to all other art.C. Every country has a unique artistic tradition.D. Art is only a modern creation.42. Which paragraph discusses the early history of art in Botswana?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.D. Paragraph 6.43. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. All art in Botswana is thoroughly unique to that country.B. Art in Botswana has been influenced by neighbouring countries.C. Art in Botswana is a relatively recent invention.D. All art in Botswana consists of simple decorations.44. This passage is best described as _______.A. narrative fictionB. editorial non-fictionC. first-person historyD. personal memoir45. Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?A. Influential Art of the WorldB. A Critic's Opinion of Art in BotswanaC. Botswana MasterpiecesD. Art Without Notoriety11。

新标准大学英语3Unit1Active reading(1)4.b c c d c a5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy8.b a b b b a b bActive reading(2)4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite6.a b a a b b a a7.a b b a a b b b aLanguage in use6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。

当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。

我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。

以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

（2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。

明天甚至压根儿就不存在。

你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。

明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。

你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。

6.Correct an swert heat r i c alSettle dow n and stop being soUNIT3Done with this task. Your score: 96% Part I: Vocabulary and Structure Secti on A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expressi on from the box. 1.The Eiffel Tower is such a disti nctivefeat ur e of Paris that the two have becomesynonym ous. Your an swer Correct answer featurefeature2.I could n't stop reading his new best-seller since I was so en gagedin the characters.3. Your an swerCorrect an swer b engagedengagedI hope for yoursakethat you're not pla nning to make a surprise visit.Your an swerCorrect an swer 7sakesake4. Did you really just make a(n)anal og ybetwee n school and war?5.Please don'tYour an swer Correct an sweran alogyan alogythe truth — you made your decisi on and now you have to live with it. distortdistortYour an swer;the world is not going to end. 6.btheatricalIt must've take n a lot of courage toprocl a i min depe ndence like that.Correct an swer8.It drives me crazy — Carla always knows exactly how to the weeke nd.Your an swerCorrect an swer proclaimproclaim9. 10. Your an swer frustrateI love liste ning to Mexica n music because theYour an swerrhythmCorrect an swer frustrate r hy t h mis so in fectious. Correct an swer rhythmI wa r y“ of advertiseme nts for deals that seem too good to be true. Your an swer Correct an swer 7warywarySecti on B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 11. Next summer, the developers pla n to _____ the old school into a museum. A. convert B. converse C. con verts D. convergetheatrical7.Your an swerf r u st rateevery plan I make for12. Can you tell me what steps _____a valid research proposal?A. con stituti on* B. con stituteC. con stitue ntD. con sist13. The school received more money and ____ has been able to hire more teachers.fr| A. con seque neec| B. con seque ntialc| C. consequentV D. con seque ntly14. Differe nt cultures' vary ing con cepti ons of __ are visible in the types of clothes they gen erallywear.A. jealousy7 B. modestyC. no torietyD. clarity15. Unfortun ately, I did n't practice eno ugh so I failed to ___ for the team.“ A. qualifyB. succeedC. thriveD. attempt16. Her job is to gather the data and the n ____ t he results to determ ine their sig ni fica nee.广 |A. an alysis* B. an alyzet | C. an alytical厂 |D. an alyst17. My ____ clouded my judgme nt and preve nted me from acti ng rati on ally whe n I saw my girlfrie ndwith ano ther man.A. modestyB. clarityD. no toriety18. Jim is in Thailand on vacation; he loves to travel to ____ places.A. eroticB. roboticC. jealousyC. exoticD. mitotic19. Love him or hate him, the Preside nt of the Un ited States is one of the most ____ p eople in theworld.* A. in flue ntial厂| B. domestict | C. i nsti nctiveD. intran sige nt20. In a change of pace from his recent international focus, the Prime Minister spoke last night aboutissues.A. exoticB. rhythmicC. expressiveD. domesticSecti on C: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. i nUnfortun ately, I can't think about any thi ng right now since rm en gaged a con tract dispute with my Ian dlord.Correct an swer inYour an swer29.Warhol's fame is largely due to the facthe in corporated pop culturereferences intohis art.Correct an swerCorrect an swer forMargaret is so shy that her eyes always shy awaythatthat23. u pMy pare nts split I when I was four years old, so it was very difficult for me.Your an swerCorrect an swer up24.I think my love of nature derivesf r omall the camp ing trips I took with my pare nts.Your answerCorrect an swer 7 from 25.After several weeks, I fin ally man aged to pin Victor fromdo wnon a specific date for the photoshoot. Your an swer Correct an swer dow n26.I saw on the n ews that soldiers have en gagedcoun try. wi t hrebels in the souther n part oftheYour an swer Correct an swer 7 with with27 I of fDonna gives 1 waves of en ergy whe never she en ters a room. Your an swerCorrect an swer 28.offf orThe homeless shelter sent out letters to make an appealmore money.22. t h atYour an swerYour an swer frommine whe n I look at her.Part II: Ban ked ClozeQuestio ns 31 to 40 are based on the follow ing passage.and can do almost anything you want. Now imag ine that you love art and want to support struggli ngc o mmi s s i onadmire. What would you have him paint?ex pr es si veso many beautiful portraits of famous people hanging in museums that I thought it was time to have my very own.me a nt i meabout how art is created. I must admit that, even though I've always admired artists, I never had a full appreciati on for their creative tale nt. I certai nly don't have that ability, so I'm in credibly impressed whe n30. Your an swerCorrect an swer bfromfromThe Preside nt's new policy is,to speak, beneficial for international trade.Your an swerCorrect an swer soLet me pose a(n) (31)hy pot het i c alsituation for you. Imagine that you are very richartists. You decide to(32) a pain ti ng from a young artist whose work youWould you ask for an epic battle set in a(n)(33) my t h ol og i c alworld of mon sters andfairies or would you ask for a realistic, (34)portrait of yourself? If you chosethe latter, you're in good company because that isI pr ec i s el ywhat I did. I had see nIt took me a long time to find a highly(36) qual i f i e dartist whose work would dojustice to my portrait. In the(37)I studied the artistic process and lear ned a lotsome one i n s t i n c t i v e l y(38) --------------------knows how to create a work of such beauty.I was fairly n ervous about see ing my fini shed portrait. The artist, likewise, was very n ervoussu f f i c i entcapturing my likeness. I'm not in love with the painting, but the artist should take(40)attractive man, so it's almost impossible for my portrait to be beautiful and realistic.Your an swerCorrect answb (31) hypothetical hypothetical 7 (32) commissi on commissi on 7 (33) mythological mythological 7 (34) expressive expressive b (35) precisely precisely 7 (36) qualified qualified 7 (37) mean time mean time 7 (38) in sti nctively in sti nctively 7 (39)sufficie nt sufficie nt 7 (40)con solati oncon solati onPart III: Read ing Comprehe nsionQuestio ns 41 to 45 are based on the follow ing passage.When it comes to the arts, many people automatically think of Europe and North America. This is un dersta ndable since so many famous artists come from these regi ons. Many art museums are filled with pain ti ngs and draw ings from Europea n and North America n artists from the past few hun dred years. All countries, however, have a unique artistic heritage, so it should come as no surprise that countries throughout Africa and Asia have their own artistic styles and histories.about show ing it to me. In the en d, I must admit that he did a(n)(39)jobcon s o l at i onZ] in the fact that he did the best he could with his subject. I'm not a veryCompletely landlocked within Southern Africa, the nation of Botswana is particularly susceptible to cultural trends and influences from surrounding countries, chiefly South Africa. However, there is a burgeoning arts scene native to Botswana, and the country also has a long history of distinct artistic traditions.The oldest evidence of art in the country was found in the Tsodilo Hills, located in northwestern Botswana, in the Kalahari Desert. Dating to 1,000 —2,000 years ago, these rock paintings form the highest concentration of rock art in the world and are considered sacred by the San minority culture. Today, the San are known for continuing the ancient arts of decorating ostrich eggshells for jewelry and creating ostrich eggshell beads, which they consider to represent good luck and good fortune. Archaeologists believe this type of bead to be the oldest-known man-made bead; they have been recovered at East and Southern African archaeological digs and dated to 28,000 —45,000 years ago.The National Museum and Art Gallery in Gaborone is the centrepiece of modern art in the country. It is widely regarded as one of the best art galleries in Southern Africa; it holds regular exhibitions highlighting the work of local artists and also sponsors an annual celebration for local art and artists. The National Museum also acts as custodian for the cultural heritage and traditions of the country, the duties of which include preservation, education, and promotion. Twentieth and twenty-first century painters include Phillip Segola, Ann Gollifer, and Neo Matome.Spring in Gaborone, the capital city, sees the annual Maitisong Festival —the country's largest celebration of the performing arts. The festival includes free outdoor performances at city arenas as well as ticketed indoor events at Gaborone's theatres and arts venues. Performing arts organizations, such as the Mogwana Dance Troupe, are becoming more popular as more and more people embrace and wish to share their cultural heritage.Local handcrafts, supported in large part by the tourist trade, are generally of the utilitarian variety. Handwoven baskets, one of the specialties associated with Botswana, are of extremely high quality. Made almost exclusively in the Okavango region, they are woven with the leaves of the Mokolwane palm andutilize various roots and barks in order to give the baskets their unique colours and desig ns (typically associated with the n ati on's traditi on al lifestyle). Due to the abundance of cattle livestock, leatherwork has also developed as an importa nt and widespread han dcraft. Traditi on ally used to make cloth ing, bla nkets, and sleeping mats, leather is today more often used to make designer bags, belts, and accessories.41. Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?A. Europea n art is superior to all other art.B. African art is superior to all other art.V C. Every country has a unique artistic traditi on.D. Art is only a moder n creatio n.Which paragraph discusses the early history of art in Botswa na?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.° | D. Paragraph 6.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. All art in Botswana is thoroughly unique to that country.B. Art in Botswa na has bee n in flue need by n eighbouri ng coun tries.° | C. Art in Botswa na is a relatively recent inven ti on.D. All art in Botswa na con sists of simple decoratio ns.44. This passage is best described as ________42. 43.A. n arrative fiction* B. editorial non-fictionC. first-pers on historyD. pers onal memoir45. Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?A. Influential Art of the WorldB. A Critic's Opinion of Art in BotswanaC. Botswa na Masterpiecess/ D. Art Without Notoriety。

Unit 1Active reading (1)Catching crabsLanguage points1… and we all started to get our heads down … (Para 1)To get one 7 s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts, it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one" s head down means to continue to do something quietly, especial 1y when there is trouble happening around you.Unit 1 Discovering yourself2Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1)This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is：The most important things, of course, were the final exams in Apri 1 and May in the following year.3No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. (Para 1)Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people, especially children and youngpeople, oftenfeel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status.4Libraries … were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bagsunder their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1) The expression standing room only means there are no more seats avai table because the place is crowded. This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to mean that you have to stand because the place is packed with people・Bags under thoir eyes refer to loose dark areas ofskin that you got when you have not had enough sleep.The expressi on guys wore the bags under their eyes wi th pride means tha t tho st udon ts were proud that their tired appearanee showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were 1ike medals.5It wasn，t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2)A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue to be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student・6Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2)To h&ve something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail.7One had landed a job in his brother，s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2)To land a job means to got a job that you wanted.Provisional acceptance refers to sn acceptanee whi ch is arranged (in princi ple), but is not yet definite. 11 is temporary and could be changed.8The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2) A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change, someone who is a member of a political organization.9We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2)To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doing something or because of it.Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a resuIt of making career progress.10But most people were either looking to continue their studies … and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2)To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies - whether they can do so would probably depend on their exam resuIts and grades. You can also look to someone for help、advice or support. Discovering yourself Unit 1A mortgage is a legal agrccment in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, pl us interest. Thus, getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own.11I braced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10)A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So to brace oneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for something difficuIt or unpleasant.12You don' t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment. (Para 16)To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career.13Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives， without luck. (Para 25)The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tried to escape. The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want・Reading and understanding3Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other erabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to provent other crabs from escaping・4Choose the best answer to the questions.1What happened to the students in the fal1 of the final year?(a)They became more relaxed.(b)They became more serious.(c)They spent more time outside.(d)They stopped going to lessons.2Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a)They" d been to an all-night party.(b)They， d started worrying about their future.(c)They5 d spent all night in the library.(d)They wanted to impress their teachers.3Which students had already planned their future?(a)The ones who had the best grades.(b)The ones who came from wealthy families・(c)The quieter ones who dicin' t have the best grades.(d)The ones who wan ted to get married and start a family. 4Why did the writer go home?(a)lie wan ted to speak to his fat her.(b)He could st udy bet ter at home t han at college ・(c)He had to attend a job interview.(d)Tt was a nationsl holiday.Unit 1 Discoven ng yourself5Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a)They needed to get something to eat for dinner•(b)He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c)He wanted to tell him something about life.(d)They both wanted to onjoy the coastline and the sea.6What advice did his father give him?(a)Get to know yourself better.(b)Watch what others do carefully.(c)Always liston to your father.(d)You can' t always do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5Match the words in the box with their def i nit ions. 1achicving good resuIts (productivo)the fact of being present st an event, or the refusal to accept something new, such determined to be successful, rich, famous agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion thewritton words of a play, film, telcvisionprogramme, speech etc (script) very good, 1arge, or showing great ski 11 (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious - the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productivo because it takos more than just one good idea to mako it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there wi11 always be (5) resistance from producers because it' s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant(6) script and plan your (7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We 5 ve seen a place we like and wo' re applying for a loan to buy a house, (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and wstched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore, (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces of nature every time they go to work, (coastai ； defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performanee of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) nol been prepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?Discovering yourself Unit 12 3 4 5 6 of going regularly to school, church etc (attendsnce) asa plan, idea, or change (resistanee) etc (ambitious) (acceptance)3If you brace yourself for something unplcasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentai 1y and physical1y?4Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?5Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b)might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance?6If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?7If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they pl ease, or (b) being kept as aprisoner?8If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?Active reading (2)2Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The passage wi11 be (c) •(a)a newspaper article about life expectancy(b)a sad story about death(c)advice about how to make the most of your life(d)a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for hea1thUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) •(a)serious(b)funny(c)depressing(d)a mixture of al 1 threelikely to say (b) •3 The passage is(a) young peopledon， t think enough about death (b)life is short(c) people are dying unnecessari]y(d) people don ， t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackgroundinformationThe passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, expertences and insights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine years as a “bouncer n in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causes trouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent), lie then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial arts and became well-known as a martial arts instruetor. Ho lived out his dream to become a writer, authoringLanguage points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news - and I ，m very- sorry to be the bearer - is that we are all dying. It' s true. I ，ve checked it out. (Para 1) Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in commonts on new information or recent events where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is •… But the bad news is … over 30 books on self-defeneo and sclf-improvement and has recently screen. wherever there is discomfort thereAsked what he had 1 earnt from his years in martial arts, he is growth, but what people do is and there' s no growth in comfort ・ So look for areas of growth that and learn to become comfortabic in been making films and writing for thesaid, "The main thing I’ ve 1 earned is that to look for growth in areas of comfort - areuncomfortable but allow you to grow,those areas.To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that everything is correct, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which means here， s something interesting to have a look at.2… we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery. (Para 1) Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way to refer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of a dead person placed in a cometery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.Discoven ng yourself Unit 1133After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath might come-a-cal1ing. (Para 1)The expression the hooded, scytho-carrying, bringcr-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person who reaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper is personified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carrying a scythe, a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaper brings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comes to you.4… and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit of a friend. (Para 1) The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time that is not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.5Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are al 1 potentially soon to be buried, ie dead. 6The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that，s left is the middle bit … choose the meat of the story. (Para3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the star t of a bo ok, or the begin ning of a play, film or TV programmethat introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extra comment or extra informstion about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer' s point is that the prologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write the middle bit - the meat of the story. 7So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the greatthings you，re going to dowith your life “when the time is right” ？(Para 4)A hack burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food. Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it unti1 later. It is atthe back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don， tgive it priority because it doesn5 t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and got little attention.8There" s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving detai 1s of your promise to pay someone a particular amount of money by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note for which you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, as if tomorrow is today.9… but regret and a rear-view mirror full of "could haves” , a should haves” and “would haves" . (Para 5) A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happening behind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don" t want such a mirror full of regrets about things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl - like they" re filling a skip - and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to the table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for wasto； it is carried away by a truckwhen it is ful!•A fork/ift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for 1ifting and moving heavy objects. The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to serve themselves, because they only have one shot - they only have one chance or attempt, they can" t return for more salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.11So what I’ m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10)It means this is not specialized knowledge. It' s not rocket science； it' s simple and straightforward・12The right time is the cheque that" s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10)That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excuse for late payment, so if the cheque' s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.13It， s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner … She' s stood us up. (Para 10)The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he 1 ooks awkward and out of place, waitifor a girl who is late and never arrives.To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them, especially someono with whom you are having or starting a romantic rclationship・ The word us is an informal and persorml way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experienee.14Act now or your time will elapse and you， 11 end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can puta name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)The expression you7 11 end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only anold half-forgotten photograph in a photo album・I can ' t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognize a person but you car/ t quite remember his name.15Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14)An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thick as a whale means extremely thick・ The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than an epitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about・Reading and understending3Choose the best summary of the passage.3Life is short. So there" s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to do what we want to do. There' s no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4Match the words in the box with their definitions.1involving three things of the same kind (triple)2an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)Discovering yourself Unit 1153the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else" s life (biography)5to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6at the very beginning of a career and likely to bo successful at it (budding)7continuing only for a limited timo or distance (finite)8to pass (elapse)5Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sistors were all crammed in tho front.3The entranee to the car park was blocked, so the road was ful1 of cars which had been tri ple-parked one against another, making it almost impossible to get past.4We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating biography of his grandmother.5The time we have on this earth may be finit® but there are no limits to the human imagination.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) wa1k al 1 over it?3 If someone J s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?4 If events are described chrono1ogica 1ly y do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or no particular order?5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?6 Is knackered an informal Bri tish word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?8 If you make the best of somet hi ng, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it a success? 9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fai1 to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you ask her to?(b) in 7 1 2 3 4 Answer the questions about If If If the phrases.do you (a) find you check somet hi ng out, you see some th i ng from the sidelines, do something is down to you, is it your (a) (a) will you look at it later, you have something on the back burner, out, you (a) take part bad luck, or (b) responsibility? or ⑹ or (b) not think about it?in the action, or (b) stay away from are you interested it? in it now?5 If6 If7 If you are time is you can chance to do in a positionticking away, 力日ye one shot it?to do somet hi ng, does it seem at something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do as if it wi11 last forever, or (b) to it? be passing quickly? (a) (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only oneLanguage in useword formation: compound words1Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying . •I’ ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)•budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)•a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)•the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)•back-burner stuff (compound adjective)•standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)•a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective) 2Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1a party which is held late at night (a late-riight party)2a library which is we 11 stocked (a well-stocked 1ibrary)3a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6an economy which is based on fmo markct (a free-market economy)7a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)It' s what / how ・・・ that ・••3Rewrite the sentences using It，s what / how … that …1What other people think of us is determinod by how we behave.It/ s how we behave that det erm ines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.Tt ? s what our character is that usual 1 y determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isn' t always determined by the marks we get at university. It isn' t always what marks we get4 How we react to life ， s problems It is often what we experienced in5 Whon we die is determinod by our It/ s what our genetic clock is and whatchanges we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that …but ・••4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that … but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.Tt wasn ，t just that the shops were al 1 closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-class degree. It wasn^ t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclass degree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren‘ t at all interested・It wast just that they weret listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren ， t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn' t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wast just that the Grim Reaper was intonded to frightcn people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.at uni vers ity that determine what we do as a career, is oftendetermined by our childhood experiences.ourchildhood that dotermines how we rcact to life' s problems, gonotic clock, and the changos we make to it.(a)Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that aret used very often or aret cleaned.(b)If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome.(c)If you settle the bill y what is there left to pay?Nothing, bccause you have paid overything that is owed・(d)What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a)If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough・Discoven ng yourself Unit 121(b)If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems?No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c)Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talkedNot n ecessari 1 y, because some people who talk con fide ntly 1 i ke that do so to trick you, like aconfidence trickster or conman.3offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, or something that is for sale.(a)If you decline an offer,do you say "yos” or "no” ?We say “no” , because we are refusing it.(b)If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We shoul d say, “I apologize" or "T m sorry" •(c)Where are you likely to see special offerlIn a shop, becausc the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d)If some one has a lot to offer, wha t kind of person are t hey?They are intel 1igent, talented, gifted or creative and they wi11 bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannot accept it. (a)If you bear something in mind y do you forget it?No, wo will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b)If you bear a resemblance to some one, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c)Is there anything you can ' t bear to think about?I can5 t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. In the modern world, why don' t we just solve them?5resistaneo This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed by something, or opposition to someone or something.(a)If there is resistance to an idea、 do people accept it?No, not easily・ They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it" s just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they undorstand it bettor.(b)If the soldiers met with resistance^ what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c)Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do got one, we won， t suffer so badly.6Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chanee 1ike this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o' clock in the。