Electrons
Coulomb interactions (库伦力作用)
Electron-tunneling with the amplitude (probability) decaying exponentially 遂穿效应几率幅指数衰减
Strong scattering derived from a large variation in coulomb interactions. eg. in electronic semiconductor crystals
Photons
·
Interaction potential in a
medium:
Dielectric constant (refractive index)
·
Propagation in classically
forbidden zone
Photon tunneling (evanescent wave) with wave vector k imaginary and hence amplitude decaying exponentially
能隙
Valence Band
k
k
(a) Direct Bandgap (b) Indirect Bandgap
(eg. GaAs, InP,
(eg. Si, Ge, GaP)
CdS)
光子晶体
光子晶体可分为一维、二维和三维。 +时间:四维。
1-D
2-D
3-D
一维: 眼镜、 滤波器、 光纤光栅等
periodic in one direction
此时有:
只要有周期的折射率差出现就会有能带
带隙的宽度: