形容词比较级分析解析
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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:(1) 规则变化表:(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:注:假如动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;假如后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。
如:This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的) This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的) 三.形容词副词比较级最高级的特殊用法(1)和冠词连用the +形容词原级+v(复),指一类人或物the + 形容词比较级,指两者中“较…的”的那一个,eg. the younger of the two a/ an +形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one. ( a) +most +形容词最高级 “非常…” eg. a most beautiful city (2)序数词与最高级连用,如:Flying is the fastest and the second cheapest way to travel. (3)比较级+than any other +n. (单) (适用于范围一致时)(all) other +n.(复)any +n.(单) (适用于范围不一致时) He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class. any student in my class. (4)倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.注:用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍能够用twice 或double. The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
形容词的比较级英语教案第一章:形容词的比较级的概念与用法1.1 介绍形容词的比较级的定义和重要性1.2 解释形容词的比较级的基本构成规则1.3 举例说明形容词的比较级在句子中的用法第二章:形容词的比较级的构成2.1 介绍规则变化形容词的比较级的步骤2.2 讲解不规则变化形容词的比较级及其特殊用法2.3 练习写出常见形容词的比较级形式第三章:形容词的比较级的修饰语3.1 解释形容词的比较级修饰语的概念和作用3.2 举例说明形容词的比较级修饰语在句子中的用法3.3 练习使用形容词的比较级修饰语来描述物品或人第四章:形容词的比较级的比较结构4.1 介绍形容词的比较级的比较结构4.2 解释“比较级+than”结构的用法4.3 举例说明形容词的比较级在比较结构中的使用第五章:形容词的比较级的实际应用5.1 举例说明形容词的比较级在日常对话中的应用5.2 练习使用形容词的比较级进行比较和描述5.3 设计角色扮演活动,让学生实际运用形容词的比较级进行交流第六章:形容词比较级的特殊句型6.1 介绍形容词比较级在特殊句型中的使用,如疑问句、否定句6.2 解释形容词比较级在疑问句中的构成和用法6.3 举例说明形容词比较级在否定句中的构成和用法第七章:形容词比较级的同级比较7.1 介绍形容词比较级的同级比较结构“asas”和“notas”7.2 解释同级比较结构的使用场景和用法7.3 进行练习,让学生掌握同级比较结构的构成和应用第八章:形容词比较级的易错点分析8.1 分析学生在学习形容词比较级时常见的错误8.2 提供解决这些错误的方法和技巧8.3 设计练习题,帮助学生巩固正确的形容词比较级用法第九章:形容词比较级的综合练习9.1 设计综合练习题,涵盖形容词比较级的各种用法9.2 让学生进行练习,检测他们对形容词比较级的掌握程度9.3 分析学生的练习结果,针对性地进行讲解和辅导第十章:形容词比较级的实际运用10.1 举例说明形容词比较级在日常生活中的应用10.2 设计场景练习,让学生在实际语境中运用形容词比较级10.3 学生展示自己的练习成果,教师进行评价和指导重点和难点解析一、形容词的比较级的概念与用法补充说明:在教学过程中,需要强调形容词的比较级在句子中的用法,并通过举例来帮助学生理解和掌握。
小学六年重要知识点解析形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形容词与副词是我们日常生活中经常使用的词类。
它们用于描述事物的特征、状态、程度等,帮助我们更准确地表达思想和感受。
在小学六年级中,学生需要掌握形容词与副词的比较级与最高级,以便更好地运用它们。
一、形容词的比较级与最高级1. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级用于比较两个人或事物的性质或特征,表示“更……”的意思。
形容词的比较级的构成方式有以下几种情况:1) 一般在形容词词尾加-er。
例如:- 好→更好:good → better- 高→更高:tall → taller2) 以字母“e”结尾的形容词,在词尾加-r。
例如:- 大→更大:large → larger- 强→更强:strong → stronger3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,把y变为i,再加-er。
例如:- 快→更快:quick → quicker- 早→更早:early → earlier4) 辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,需双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er。
例如:- 大→更大:big → bigger- 短→更短:short → shorter5) 部分词以“er”结尾,直接加-er。
例如:- 简单→更简单:simple → simpler- 漂亮→更漂亮:beautiful → more beautiful2. 形容词的最高级形容词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上的人或事物的性质或特征,表示“最……”的意思。
形容词的最高级的构成方式有以下几种情况:1) 一般在形容词前加the + 形容词的最高级。
例如:- 好→最好:good → the best- 高→最高:tall → the tallest2) 以字母“e”结尾的形容词,在词前加the。
例如:- 大→最大:large → the largest- 强→最强:strong → the strongest3) 辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,在词前加the。
高中英语形容词的比较级知识点分析英语的形容词有时候会用到比较及和最高级,有很多的词是有规律的,下面是店铺给大家带来的有关于高中英语的比较级的知识点的介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。
高中英语形容词的比较级知识点1. 用作定语:This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。
2. 用作表语:This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。
3. 用作补语:We found this book very interesting. 我们发现这本书很有趣。
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人:We should try to help the poor. 我们应该设法帮助穷人。
5.“the+国家形容词”表示民族的整体:The Chinese are hardworking and friendly. 中国人勤劳友好。
6. 用作状语:Finally, he arrived here, cold and hungry. 最终,他到这儿时又冷又饿。
7. 表语形容词:只能作表语,不能位于名词前作定语。
例如以下形容词(尤其是以a-开头居多):√ He is (gets/ feels) ill.× He is an ill man.8. 定语形容词:只作定语,不能用于系动词后作表语。
例如:√ A little boy× The boy is little.其他定语形容词还有:elder, eldest, atomic,countless,cubic, digital, east, eastern, eventual, existing, federal, indoor, institutional, introductory, investigative, lone, maximum, nationwide, neighbouring, north, northern, occasional, outdoor, phonetic, remedial, reproductive, south, southern, supplementary, underlying, west, western, woolen 等。
形容词副词级别变化之比较级(讲义及解析)比较级概念The weather in Nanjing is hot. The weather in Zhengzhou is hot. 郑州的天气不如南京热。
The weather in Zhengzhou is not so/as hot as the weather in Nanjing (is).The weather in Zhengzhou is less hot than that in Nanjing. The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Zhengzhou.Harry Potter is interesting.Alice in the Wonderland is interesting.Harry Potter 不如 Alice in the Wonderland 有味。
Harry Potter is not so/as interesting as Alice in the Wonderland(is).Harry Potter is less interesting than Alice in the Wonderland. Alice in the Wo nderland is more interesting than Harry Potter.Linda’s hair is long. Lily’s hair is long.Linda 的头发不如 Lily 的长。
Linda’s hair is not so/as long as Lily’s. Linda’s hair is shorter than Lily’s.Lily’s hair is longer than Linda’s.Linda runs fast.I run fast.我不如 Linda 跑得快。
I don’t run so/as fast as Linda (runs/does). I run slower than Linda (runs/d oes).Linda runs faster than me.Zhang Li works very hard. Lucy works very hard.Lucy 不如张丽工作努力。
初中难点解析形容词的比较级与最高级的用法形容词是我们经常使用的词性之一,它可以用来描述事物的性质、特征或状态。
在初中英语学习中,形容词的比较级与最高级是一个相对困难的语法点。
本文将详细讨论形容词比较级与最高级的用法,并且会给出一些例句以加深理解。
一、比较级的用法比较级用于比较两个人或事物之间的程度、大小、数量等差异。
我们可以通过在形容词后面加上-er来表示比较级。
如果形容词本身以字母'e'结尾,则只需要加上'r'。
当形容词以一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写结尾字母,并加上'r'。
1. 比较级的一般用法形容词比较级的一般用法是在形容词后添加一个"than"来进行比较。
比较级的结构是"更……than"。
例句:1) Today is hotter than yesterday.(今天比昨天更热。
)2) Elephants are bigger than cats.(大象比猫更大。
)2. 比较级的特殊情况在比较级中,有一些形容词属于不规则变化的情况。
我们需要牢记这些不规则变化的形式。
例句:1) Good – Better(好-更好)2) Bad – Worse(坏-更坏)3) Little – Less(少-更少)4) Much/Many – More(多-更多)二、最高级的用法最高级用于比较三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的程度、大小、数量等差异。
我们可以通过在形容词前面加上"the",并在形容词后面加上-est来表示最高级。
如果形容词本身以字母'e'结尾,则只需要加上'st'。
当形容词以一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写结尾字母,并加上'st'。
1. 最高级的一般用法最高级的一般用法是在形容词前面添加"the",然后加上一个表示范围的名词短语。
英语形容词比较级的用法与构成规则(一)一般句式的构成:A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + BA 是主格B 是宾格如:She is taller than me.主格+ be + 形容词比较级+ than + 宾格(二)英语形容词比较级的构成英语形容词比较等级有三个:原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
规则变化:1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)【例】原级比较级最高级great greater greatestclean cleaner cleanest2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)【例】fine finer finestnice nicer nicestwide wider widest3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)【例】big bigger biggesthot hotter hottestred redder reddest4)少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)。
以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er和-est。
以-e结尾的词只加-r 和-st。
【例】clever cleverer cleverestnarrow narrower narrowestable abler ablesteasy easier easiest5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
【例】careful more careful most carefuldifficult more difficult most difficultdelicious more delicious most delicious不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good/well better bestbad worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。
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高考语法填空抢分热点之形容词比较级和最高级距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一、考点精讲形容词比较级和最高级在高考语法填空中频繁出现,尤其是形容词比较级。
比较级表示“两者之间”进行比较,标志性词是“than”;最高级表示“三者或三者以上”程度最高的比较方式,形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
下面列举比较级的特殊用法:1.the+比较级,表示“两个当中更......的或较......的”。
例如:Who is the younger of the two boys?(这两个男孩中谁年龄小?)2.the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越......,越......”。
It is believed that the harder you work,the better result you’ll get.(人们相信,你越努力,你就会得到越好的结果。
比较级最高级用法考点分析比较级与最高级是英语中常用的两种形容词和副词的比较形式,用来表达两个或多个事物之间的差异和优劣。
在学习英语过程中,掌握比较级和最高级的用法是非常重要的。
本文将对比较级和最高级的使用方法及相关考点进行分析。
一、比较级用法考点1. 形容词、副词的一般比较级形式:比较级的一般形式是在原词后面加上-er或者在前面加上more。
比如:bigger(更大的)、more intelligent(更聪明的)。
这种形式适用于大多数的形容词和副词。
2. 比较级的构成规则:a. 单音节形容词和副词一般直接在词尾加-er,如taller(更高的);b. 以e结尾的形容词和副词,在词尾只需加-r,如nicer(更好的);c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词和副词,将y变为i,再加-er,如funny(有趣的)变为funnier(更有趣的);d. 多音节形容词和副词通常在前面加more,如more beautiful(更美丽的)。
3. 比较级的用法:比较级用来对两个事物进行比较。
常用的句式结构为:主语+be动词+形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较的对象。
例如:My cat is smarter than your dog(我家的猫比你家的狗聪明)。
4. 特殊比较级形式:有一些形容词和副词的比较级形式是不规则的,需要进行单独记忆,如good(好的)的比较级是better(更好的),bad(坏的)的比较级是worse(更坏的)等。
二、最高级用法考点1. 最高级的构成规则:a. 单音节形容词和副词一般在词尾加上-est,如smartest(最聪明的);b. 以字母e结尾的形容词和副词,在词尾只需加上-st,如nicest(最好的);c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词和副词,将y变为i,再加上-est,如funny(有趣的)变为funniest(最有趣的);d. 多音节形容词和副词通常在前面加上most,如most beautiful(最美丽的)。
形容词比较级知识点详解及练习(初中英语专题复习)知识点梳理一、用法1. 表示两个人或事物作比较时,形容词要用比较级形式,形容词比较级之后常用than 引出比较的对象。
例:This pen is longer than that one.这支钢笔比那支长。
New York is bigger than Cambridge.纽约比剑桥大。
2. 表示两者之间的选择,意为“哪一个更……”。
例:Who is taller, Lily or Lucy?莉莉和露西相比,谁更高?二、形容词比较级的变化1. 规则变化2. 不规则变化三、形容词比较级前的修饰词在英语中常修饰比较级的词汇有:much, a lot, a little, even, far 等。
例:Believe me, you really look much better than before.相信我,你看起来真的比以前好多了。
He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。
They went there a little later than others.他们比其他人去的稍微晚一点儿。
It’s even bigger than an island.它甚至比一座岛屿都大。
He is far stronger than his brother.他比他哥哥强壮得多。
四、比较级的常见句型比较级的使用原则:(1)自身不进行比较,排除自己的方法是使用any other。
例:He is taller than any other boy in his class. (不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。
(2)比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。
例:My name is longer than yours. (不能将yours 写成you)我的名字比你的名字长。
题型特训一、单选题(共50题,总计0分)1.—How did you lose the soccer match?—We had _______ players. They had eleven while we had only nine!A. lessB. betterC. fewerD. more2.(2022四川成都)The 21.58-meter-long 3D- printed bridge in Chengdu, with its_________ part reaching 8 meters and highest point hitting 2.68 meters, is really amazing.A. biggestB. widestC. longest3.Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it's_________ than by plane.A. interestingB. less interestingC. more interestingD. most interesting 4.The T - shirt is too big for me . Would you mind giving me a _____ one ?” “ OK. Here you are .”A. larger.B. smaller.C. fatter.5.With the development of 5G technology, our daily lives have become_________A. more and more convenientB. the most convenientC. convenienter and convenienter6.—What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei?— Wonderful. I think it’s _____than the other films about youth in recent years.A. the bestB. the worstC. much betterD. much worse7.-Did you see the football match yesterday?-Yes! I think it is the_________ game that I have ever seen.A. excitingB. more excitingC. most exciting8.If there are trees, the air in our city will be cleaner.A. less; moreB. more; moreC. more; muchD. much; more9.Our school life has become_________ than before because of all kinds of after-school activities.A. colorfulB. colorfullyC. more colorfulD. the most colorful 10.Mr. Smith thinks running is _________ than gymnastics.A. very popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular11.The river has become much ______ than before because of the waste water from the factories.A. dirtyB. dirtierC. dirtiest12.After taking tennis classes, Tim is much_________ than last year.A. strongB. strongerC. strongestD. the strongest 13.—Which season do you like _______, summer or winter?— Summer.A.well B.best C.better14.-Is Lily ' s home away from school than Linda's ?A. farB. fartherC. farthest .15.If there are ____trees, the air in our city will be ____cleaner.A. fewer, muchB. more, moreC. more, muchD. much, more16.-What do you think of the traffic in our city?-lt's than it used to be, but there's still a long way to go.A. worseB. worstC. betterD. best17.More and more people have a low-C life and the air is getting muchthan a few years ago.A. cleanB. cleanestC. cleanerD. the cleanest18.Debbie is growing fast. She is even____________ than her mother.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest 19.I am good at math, but his English is ________ than mine.A. much betterB. more betterC. very betterD. pretty better 20.Winter is coming. The weather is getting_____.A. colder and colderB. cold and coldC. more and more colder 21.— Do you like the western food, Li Li?— No, I think the food of our country is______ that of western countries.A. much more delicious thanB. less delicious thanC. not as delicious asD. as delicious as22.Kate is as _________as Maria.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest 23.I think the blue shirt books ________better on you than the red one.A. quiteB. moreC. muchD. very24.It’s much _________ to have a small lovely room than a big cold one.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best25.I know this plan is far from perfect, but I just can’t think of one.A. a betterB. the betterC. a bestD. the best26.My grandpa told a good story, but I told a ______ one.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. worse 27.--- Thomas does well in dancing. How about Bob?--- Bob is_____, I think. He once won the first prize in a dancing competition.A. wellB. betterC. worstD. bad28.—Who has ____ marks in English,Wang Lin,Zhang Fang or Li Hong?一Li HongA.good B.better C.best D.the best29.you practice, you can play the violin.A. The more; the wellB. The more; the more wellC. The more; the betterD. More; well30.Things are ________ on Mars ________ on Earth because of the different gravity.A. much lighter; than thatB. much lighter; than thoseC. not so light; as thatD. not so light; as those31.---- The doctor told me not to drink too much , but I can’t help myself.---- The doctor is right . ____ you drink , ______ you will be .A. the less ;the healthierB. the more ; the healthierC. the less; the unhealthierD. the more ; the healthiest32.Look at that red car! I think it’s in the world.A. more beautifulB. so beautifulC. the most beautifulD. such beautiful 33.--- Who can reach the book on the top shelf?---Jack can. He is ________boy of us all.A. tallerB. a tallC. the tallestD. much tallest34.Sometimes walking is even _______ than driving during the busy traffic time.A. fastB. fasterC. fastest35.I can’t carry your bag. It is much ____ than mine.A. heavyB. heavierC. heaviestD. the heaviest 36.—Daming, are you feeling better now?—No, mum. I feel even ________.A. badB. worseC. worstD. the worst 37.—Who gets up ________ of all in your dormitory, Tony?— Jimmy does.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliest38.During the busy traffic time, some people prefer to ride bikes because it’s much______.A. fastB. fasterC. fastestD. the fastest39.----Which is _______ to understand, this book or that book?---- I think both of them are quite easy.A. difficultB. more difficultC. the most difficultD. much too difficult40.Professor White has written some short stories, but he is_______ known for his plays.A. betterB. moreC. the bestD. the most41.The Voice of China became one of _________ TV shows last year.A. popularB. more popularC. much popularD. the most popular42.I think there will be ______pollution and ______ cars in the future.A. fewer; manyB. more; lessC. less; fewerD. less, much43.Someone says "Time is money. ” But I think time is _________ important than money.A. the mostB. more muchC. much moreD. much least 44.— I don’t know which skirt was ______, so I took them both.— Yes, it’s really difficult to choose.A. betterB. wellC. bestD. good45.It’s very strange that _____ money we make, the poorer we feel we are.A. the mostB. moreC. the moreD. much46.If there are _______ people driving, there will be ______ air pollution.A. more; lessB. less; fewerC. fewer; moreD. fewer; less47.--- How do you like English, Lingling?--- I think it’s a little _____ than maths.A. easyB. easierC. easiestD. the easiest48.—My friend Lily always thinks anyone else.—Oh, she is a thoughtful girl.A. more carefully thanB. more careful thanC. less carefully thanD. less careful than49.—Why don’t you drive to work today?—Sometimes riding is even than driving during the busy traffic time.A. laterB. fasterC. slowerD. more slowly50.The boys are ______this year than they were last year.A. more tallB. more tallerC. much tallerD. most taller二、用单词适当形式填空 15题1.This cartoon is (interesting) than that one.2.The less you complain, the you will be. Just try it! (happy)3.This is my (old) brother and he is two years older than me.4.The new classroom is much (big) than the old one.5.Robert is (lazy) than any other boy in his class.6.She has taken some medicine and she is getting better and (good).7.If you have good eating habits, you’ll become much (health) than before.8.The robot makes his room look much (tidy) now.9.The robot made my life much (easy).10.Though I failed a lot times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well. (many)11.It also shows that humans can sometimes be (strong) than the forces of nature. 12.The book is (difficult) than other books.13.Compared with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with and cheaper dishes now. (healthy)14.He eats fewer vegetables and become than before. (healthy)15.Lucy is (quiet) than Julie, but Tara is the (quiet) of all.【参考答案】一、单选题(共50题,总计0分)1.C【解析】less,little的比较级,更少的,修饰不可数名词;better更好的;fewer更少的,修饰可数名词复数;more更多的。
more beautiful。
在英文中,比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形,是由形容词或副词原级转化而来,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化,比如多音节词(指三音节及以上)和部分双音节词,需要在词前加”more“。
beautiful(美丽的)就是一个多音节的形容词,其读音为 [ˈbjuːtɪfl],读音共有三个音节,即bju,tɪ和fl,它的比较级的构成属于不规则的转化,因此,需要在beautiful该词的前面加more才能构成比较级,即more beautiful。
扩展资料
形容词或副词原级转化为比较级的规则除了“多音节词(指三音节及以上)和部分双音节词,需要在词前加more”之外,还有其他规则:
1、单音节形容词和部分双音节词(大多是以ly、y、er、ow、ble结尾的双音节形容词),一般在词尾加-er。
如tall—taller
2、以字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加-r。
如nice—nicer。
3、以"辅音字母+y“结尾的词,变”y“为”i“,再加-er。
如early—earlier
4、部分形容词和副词的比较级是不规则的,如:good/well-better,
bad/badly-worse。
6、以一个元音加一个辅音结尾的词,且元音发短音时,双写尾字母,再加er。
如fat—fatter。
7、由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词,在该副词前加more构成比较级。
如:slowly-more slowly。
8、由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词,在词前加more构成比较级。
如:interesting-more interesting。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:(1) 规则变化表:(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:二.形容词和副词比较级的基本用法三.形容词副词比较级最高级的特殊用法(1)和冠词连用the +形容词原级+v(复),指一类人或物the +形容词比较级,指两者中―较…的‖的那一个,eg. the younger of the twoa/ an +形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.a+most不是最高级相当于very,修饰其后的名词―非常…‖eg. a most beautiful city the+most表示最高级the most wonderful movie(2)序数词与最高级连用,如:Flying is the fastest and the second cheapest way to travel.(3)比较级+than any other +n. (单)(适用于范围一致时)(all) other +n.(复)any +n.(单) (适用于范围不一致时)any other student / all other students in his class.他是他们班最高any student in my class.他比我们班上任何一个同学都高。
(4)倍数表达法。
1. 倍数+ as + 形容词或副词的原级+ as + 其他。
这种结构又常演变成下列两类:①倍数+ as + many + 可数名词复数+ as;②倍数+ as +much + 不可数名词+ as。
如:There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。
There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。
满语形容词比较级词缀解析贾越【摘要】满语形容词比较级词缀类别有-kan/-ken/-kon及其变体-gan/-gen/-gon/-hon/-hūn和-liyan、-si等.-kan/-ken/-kon接加在性质形容词原级后;-liyan接加在性质形容词原级和-kan等后;-si接加在-kan等词缀后构成比较级复合词缀;-gan/-gen/-gon/-hon/-hūn等词缀作为-kan/-ken/-kon的变体,存在于个别词中.-kan和-liyan的接加区别在于避免发音冲突和区分多义词;-si和-liyan的接加区别在于在增加语法意义的同时是否增加词汇意义.【期刊名称】《满语研究》【年(卷),期】2014(000)002【总页数】4页(P13-16)【关键词】满语;形容词;比较级;词缀【作者】贾越【作者单位】黑龙江大学满族语言文化研究中心,哈尔滨 150080【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H221满语形容词具有级的语法范畴,根据其所表达的事物性质及状态程度,可分为不同的等级。
①学界对满语形容词程度等级的划分持不同观点,对比较级的概念亦存在分歧。
本文仅探讨比较级词缀,为说明方便,列出本文采用的原级和比较级范畴。
原级表示基准程度;比较级表示比原级基准程度加强或减弱的性质或属性。
英语等印欧语言的比较级着眼于两个不同主体的程度比较,满语形容词比较级与之不同。
我们虽沿用惯例将之称为“比较级”,但其实质意义在于同一事物自身程度的改变,相“比较”的意义较为微弱。
满语接在形容词后起程度加强或减弱作用的词缀,为比较级附加成分或比较级词缀,根据接加条件将其接加在性质形容词词干后,即可得出一系列比较级形式。
接加时,形容词的词末语音会发生以下三种语音变化,1. 辅音脱落,前接词词尾辅音n脱落,如teksin“整齐”②本文中例词均选自胡增益主编《新满汉大词典》,新疆人民出版社1992年。
——teksiken“略整齐”;2. 元音脱落,前接词词尾元音u脱落,如kuru“高高隆起的”——kurken“略高起的”;3. 增加辅音,增加鼻辅音,如len“壮大”——lengken“略壮大”。