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实义动词

实义动词
实义动词

实义动词

实义动词(实意动词)与系动词是相对的,系动词亦称连系动词(Linking Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种

中文名实义动词外文名Notional Verb;lexical verb; full verb 别名实意动词

目录

1 简介

?实义动词

?及物动词

?不及物动词

2 用法

简介编辑

实义动词

实义动词:及物动词(带宾语);不及物动词(不带宾语)。实实在在有意思的动词。

及物动词

后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。英语中的及物动词有:interest,worry,guess,please,surprise,love等

例如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

不及物动词

本身意义完整,后面不用跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

Birds can fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。

My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

4)与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法完全不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可以省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。

Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

用法编辑

实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

1.及物动词要求有宾语

①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。

②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题。

③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。2.不及物动词不要求有宾语

①Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门。

②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里。

③Let's go home.我们回家吧。

④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束。

3.特殊实义动词

英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如

close,begin,study,leave,work等。

①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。

②Close the window,please.请关窗。

③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?

④Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。

⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。

⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?

⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。

⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。

⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。

⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。

3。实义动词,也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时,一定不能用be动词。那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she,it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I,you(你),we,you(你们)they 时,实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does。

?肯定句:

①I have a blue book.

②He has a brother.

③She wants to be a teacher.

④They like to play basketball.

?否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形。

①I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book.

②He has a brother. (变为否定句)→He doesn’t have brother.

③She wants to be a teacher. (变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.

④They like to play basketball. (变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball.

?一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。

①I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book?

②He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother?

③My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper?

④She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher?

⑤They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball?

?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?

①Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting.(对加粗部分提问)→Why does your sister like English best?

②He does his homework before supper. (对加粗部分提问)→When does he do his homework?

注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如:

?He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance.

?My father likes English and math. (变为否定句)→My father doesn’t like English or math.

?but和except后。but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。例如:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。

比较:He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。

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be动词与实义动词一般疑问句变法

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实义动词、系动词、助动词

英语中的系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb , 它本身有词义 , 但不能单独用作谓语 , 后边必须跟表语(亦称补语 , 构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况 . 常见的系动词是 be(am,is,are,was,were 最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would 助动词自身没有词义 , 不可单独使用 , 例如: He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语 . (doesn't 是助动词 , 无词义; like 是主要动词 , 有词义 2 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用 , 可以用来: a. 表示时态 , 例如: He is singing.他在唱歌 . He has got married.他已结婚 . b. 表示语态 , 例如: He was sent to England.他被派往英国 . c. 构成疑问句 , 例如: Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗 ? Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗 ? d. 与否定副词 not 合用 , 构成否定句 , 例如: I don't like him.我不喜欢他 . e. 加强语气 , 例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参

加晚会 . He did know that.他的确知道那件事 . 半助动词 功能介绍在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构 , 称为半助动词 . 常见的半助动词有 be about to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be meant to,be obliged to,be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,be unable to,be unwilling to等 . 情态助动词 情态助动词 1.情态助动词包括 will(would,shall(should,can(could,may(might,must,n eed,dare,ought to,used to,had better 后接原形不定词 .2. 情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制 .3. 两个情态助动词不能连用 . 中文 :他将能够及时完成此事 .(误 He will can finish it i. 基本助动词 基本助动词基本助动词只有三个:be,do,have, 他们没有词汇意义 , 只有语法作用 , 如协助构成进行体 , 完成体 , 被动态 , 否定句 , 疑问句等 . 例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告 He has made a plan.他已经订了计划 The small animals are kept in the cages.小动物都关在笼子里 .He doesn't smoke. 实义动词就是我们所说的动词 . wjlgwnel 2014-10-29 相关问题 英语:阅读下面短文 , 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 , 必要时可加助动词或情态动词 . 2014-10-01

dare作情态动词和实义动词的用法区别

dare用法详解 一、基本用法特点 dare可用作实意动词和情态动词,用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后,一般不用于肯定句: Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告诉她事实真相吗 I don’t know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢试一试。 I daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。 【注】I dare say 是习惯说法(用于肯定句),并不一定要译为“我敢说”,它所表示的是一种不肯定的语气,常译为“很可能”、“大概”、“我想”等,有时用作反语: I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是对的。 Oh, you mean to win I dare say you will. 啊,你想打赢我且看你赢吧。 (2) dare用作实意动词时意为“敢于”,可以有各种词形变化,可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等),其后多接带 to 的不定式,有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句),可用于非谓语形式,完成时态等: We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。 I wonder how he dares (to) say such things. 我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。 Did he dare (to) tell her 他敢告诉她吗 We don’t dare (to) say anything. 我们什么也不敢说。 The boy stood before the teacher, not daring to look up. 这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。 I’ve never dared (to) ask her. 我从来不敢问她。 二、dare的过去式问题 情态动词dare可以有过去式dared,但也可以直接用dare表示过去式,或后接动词完成式:That was why he dared do so. 那就是他为什么敢这样做的原因。 Mother dare(d) not tell father she’d given away his old jacket. 母亲不敢告诉父亲

be动词神志动词实义动词用法(演习)

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初中语法讲解系列(附练习)-动词1(实义动词、连系动词、助动词)

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Be动词和助动词用法区别

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实义动词与非实义动词

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关于be动词、情态动词和实义动词的区别

关于be动词、情态动词和实义动词的区别 新人教版英语七年级上册复习资料 到目前为止,我们主要学习了三类动词:be动词、情态动词和实义动词。下面我们分别来讲一下它们得用法。 1.be动词属于系动词,在一般现在时态的句子中主要表现为三种形式:am is、are。后面往往接 形容词或名词做表语。如: (1)I’m strong. (strong形容词做表语) (2)He is a boy.( a boy名词做表语) 含有be动词的句子在进行否定、疑问句变化时,都要在be动词上变化。 (1)变为否定句:主语+be+ not+其他。即,直接在be后not. ①I’m a Chinese girl.(变为否定句) ②You are right. (变为否定句) ③He is strict with me. (变为否定句) ④She is from America. (变为否定句) 以上四个句子中都含有am、is或are,变否定句时,直接在am 、is、are后面加上not. 即: ①I’m not a Chinese girl. ②You are not right. ③He is not strict with me. ④She is not from America. (2)变为一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他?即把be动词提到主语的前面。注意:当肯定句主语为第 一人称I和We时,变一般疑问句要变为第二人称,be动词也要相应的变为are.同样肯定句中的my和our 也要变为your. ①I am a worker. (变为一般疑问句) →Are you a worker? ②We are good friends. (变为一般疑问句) →Are you good friends? ③She is from Japan. (变为一般疑问句) →Is she from Japan? ④He is strict with me. (变为一般疑问句) →Is he strict with me? (3)变特殊疑问句:一般的要求为“对划线部分提问”,即用特殊疑问词代替划线的部分,后接省略 划线部分的一般疑问句(一般不再出现划线部分)。如: ①I’m well(not bad).(对划线部分提问) →How are you? ②She is from America. (对划线部分提问) →Where is she from? 2、关于情态动词:初中我们常用的情态动词主要有:can、may、must、need。我们这里主要 以can为例来说明情态动词的用法。情态动词后面必须接动词的原形。情态动词can的用法类似于be动词。不论主语为第几人称,变否定就是在can后加not.变疑问就是把can提到句子前面,它没有人称和数的变化。 (1)变否定句:主语+can +not+ 其他。 ①I can spell my name.(变否定句) →I can not(can’t)spell my name.

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