英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1

(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)

1.Sociolect(中山大学2000年；南开大学2003年研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Dialects which identify where a person

is in terms of a social scale are called "social dialects"or "class

dialects" or "sociolects" for short.)

解析：

2.Linguistic variable(北外2011研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic variables are those where

the meaning remains constant but form varies like cat and pussy

have the same social meaning but different from. So far as

pronunciation is concerned house[h]and with[h]has same social

meaning with different pronunciations. Here variables are just the

tools to analyze the language to set social dimensional society.)

解析：

3.prototype

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Prototype: what members of a

particular community think of as the best example of a lexical category, e. g. for some English speakers "cabbage"(rather than

say"carrot")might be the prototypical vegetable.)

解析：

4.conceptual metonymy

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Metonymy is a cognitive process in

which one cognitive category, the source, provides mental access

to another cognitive category, the target, within the same

cognitive domain, or idealized cognitive model(ICM).)

解析：

5.iconicity

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：It is a feature of language which means

that the structure of language reflects in some way the structure

of experience, that is, the structure of the world, including the

perspective imposed on the world by the speaker.)

解析：

6.grammaticalization

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：The process whereby an independent

word is shifted to the status of a grammatical element is called

grammaticalization. Grammaticalization brings about typical

changes in meanings and the distribution of forms. Another

characteristic of grammaticalized forms is that the constraints on their grammatical uses tend to reflect their lexical histories.

Another typical outcome of grammaticalization is the

development of different historical levels of nearly equivalent

forms.)

解析：

7.Interlanguage（上海交大2005研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Interlanguage. refers to the type of

language constructed by second or foreign language learners

who are still in the process of learning a language. It"s a language

system between the target language and the learner"s native

language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but

not mere translation from the learner"s native language. For

example, when the Chinese student is learning English, he may

make errors like "to touch the society".)

解析：

8.Universal Grammar(西安交大2008研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Universal grammar is a theory of

linguistics postulating principles of grammar shared by all

languages, thought to be innate to humans(linguistic nativism).

It attempts to explain language acquisition in general, not

describe specific languages. Universal grammar proposes a set of

rules intended to explain language acquisition in child

development.)

解析： 9.contrastive analysis(浙江大学2004研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Contrastive analysis is an approach to

analysis of second language acquisition, based on a belief that a

more effective teaching pedagogy would come out when the

similarities and differences between native language and target

language are taken into consideration. By such an analysis, it is

supposed that some leaning difficulties could be predicted in

terms of language transfer.)

解析：

10.Error Analysis（中山大学2011研)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：Errors are significant in telling the

teacher what needs to be taught, in telling the researcher how

learning proceeds and those errors are a means whereby learners

test their hypotheses about the language to be learnt. They are

worth further probing Error Analysis involves, first independently

or objectively, describing the learners" interlanguage(that is, their

version of the target language and the target language itself),

then a comparison of the two is followed to locate mismatches.

Different from contrastive analysis, Error Analysis, EA for short,