初中英语变形规那么一、名词单数变复数规那么：1 、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式, 是在该词末尾加上后辍-s. 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z].例：friendf friends; cat-cats; stylefstyles; sportfsports; piecefpieces2、但凡以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数. 读音变化：统一力口读[iz]. 例：busf buses; quizfquizzes; fox-foxes; match fmatches; flashfflashes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es.读音变化：加读[z]. 例：candy fcandies; daisyf daisies; fairyffairies; ladyfladies; storyfstories4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否那么加-s构成复数. 读音变化：加读[z].例：tomatoftomatoes; potato f potatoes; torpedof torpedoes; bingofbingoes反例：silofsilos; piano fpianos 〔夕卜来词〕；photof photos; macrofmacros 〔缩写词〕5、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外. 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]. 例：knifefknives; life flives; leaffleaves; stafffstaves; scarffscarves 反例：roof froofs6、不规那么变形：man woman child foot tooth goose Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish People police cattle man doctor口诀：男人女人a变e,孩子后加ren ;中国人和日本人,绵羊鹿鱼形不变；脚和牙齿还有鹅,就把oo 变ee；mouse、mice 是老鼠,公牛ox 加en；人们警察牵小牛,单数形式复数意；男医生和女医生, man 和doctor 都变身.二、动词第三人称单数形式构成规那么动词原形变第三人称单数的规那么与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察.1、大多数动词在词尾加“S〞在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z].如：① stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s] ② read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z] 2、以辅音字母加“ y〞结尾的,要先将“ y〞变为“ i :然后在加“ es〞读[iz]如：fly－flies [z]；carry－carries [z] study－studies [z]; worry －worries1/ 73、以“s, x, ch, sh'结尾的,在词尾加“ es〞,发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]4、以“o〞结尾的动词,加“ es",读[z]如：go－goes [z] do－does [z]5、下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音局部的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆.如：(1)、do [du:] －does [dz](2)、say [sei] — says [sez]以不发音字母"e"结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s], [z]时,加“s〞后字母“ e〞发音,与所加“ s〞一起读做[iz].如：close－closes [iz](3)、be动词包括：am, is, are.第三人称单数用is;过去式为was;复数用are,过去式为were.6、除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点：(1) . 动词have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用has；动词be 的第三人称单数形式是is.(2) . 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否认句时,要用doesn't + 动词原形,如：He goes to school at six in the morning.(变否认句尸He doesn't go to school at six in the morning.(3) . 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时, 要用助动词does, 如：She goes home at five every day.(对划线局部提问尸 When / What time does she go home every day?三、动词的过去式和过去分词规那么动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规那么如下：(一)规那么动词过去式变化规那么1. 一般情况直接加ed play---played2. 以不发音 e 为结尾的动词加d like —liked live —lived3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词, 变y 为i 再加ed study -------------- studied cry ----- cried4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加ed stop ---- s topped(二)不规那么动词的过去式( 根据所学单词量例举)buy--- --- bought 买 begin ---- began 开始 bring- ---- b rought 带来come ----- came 来 catch - ---- c aught 捉住,赶上drink - ---- drank 喝drive- -----d rove 开车 ,驾驶 do --- ----- did 做,或无词意作助动词 eat --- -- ate 吃find --- -found 发现go ---- went 去get--- --got 得到,到达, 获得give-- ----gave 给hurt -----hurt 感到疼痛,受伤have----- had 有hide-- ---hid 隐藏,把…藏起来 keep----kept 保持,保护保护 know ---- knew 知道,懂得,了解 lend-- ---- l ent 借出let ------ let 让 lose ------ lost 失去,丧失 make---- made 制造, 制作meet -----met 相遇, 遇到put --- ---put 放run --- -ran 跑步 ride--- -rode 骑read-----read 读see--- ---saw 看见say---said 说 sing--- -- sang 唱sit ---- sat 坐sleep- --- s lept 睡觉spell-- ---spelt 拼写stand----stood 站立swim ---- swam 游泳speak ---spoke 讲,讲话spend --- spent 度过,花费 take -- took 拿走 teach - ---taught 教tell --- --told 告诉think ----thought 认为,想wake- ---woke 唤醒wear--- wore 穿,戴 write ---wrote 写win -- - won 赢1. 一般在动词末尾加 -ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是 e 加 d ,如： taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再 力口 -ed, 如：stop -stopped4.以“辅音字母 +y 〞结尾的,变 y 为i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied 〔 1 〕 AAA 型〔动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形〕 cost 〔花费〕 cost cost cut 〔割〕 cut cut hit 〔打〕 hit hit3/ 7hurt 伤害〕hurt hurt let 〔让〕let let put 〔放〕put put read 〔读〕read read spread 〔伸展/ 传播〕 spread spread（2）AAB 型〔动词原形与过去式同形〕beat〔跳动〕beat beaten（3）ABA型〔动词原形与过去分词同形〕become 〔变成〕became becomecome 〔来〕came comerun 〔跑〕ran run（4）ABB 型〔过去式与过去分词同形〕dig 〔挖〕dug dughang 〔吊死〕hanged hangedhold 〔抓住〕held heldshine 〔照耀〕shone shonewin 〔赢〕won wonkeep 〔保持〕kept keptsweep 〔扫〕swept sweptflee 〔逃跑〕 fled fledleave 〔离开〕left leftlend 〔借出〕lent lentspend 〔花费〕spent spentlose 〔丧失〕lost lostlearn 〔学习〕learnt learntcatch 〔抓住〕caught caughtbring〔带来〕brought broughtbuy 〔买〕bought boughthear 〔听见〕heard heardtell 〔告诉〕told told〕get 〔得到〕got gothang 〔悬挂〕hung hunglay 〔产卵〕 laid laidsit 〔坐〕sat satmeet 〔遇见〕met metsleep 〔睡〕slept sleptfeel 〔感觉〕felt feltsmell 〔闻〕smelt smeltbuild 〔建设〕built builtsend 〔传送〕 sent sentsink 〔沉下〕sunk /sank snuk /sunkenburn 〔燃烧〕burnt burnt mean 〔意思是〕meant meant teach 〔教〕 taught taughtfight 〔战斗〕 fought fought think 〔想〕thought thoughtsell 〔卖〕sold soldsay 〔说〕said saidfeed 〔饲养〕fed fedmake 〔制造〕made madestand 〔站〕stood stoodsmell 〔闻〕smelled /smelt smelled /smelt 4/ 7stick 〔粘贴 /刺 〕 stuck stuck spell 〔拼写 〕spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit 〔吐唾沫〕 spat spatunderstand 〔 明白 〕understoodunderstood （5）ABC 型〔动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形〕四、形容词的比拟级和最高级变形规那么 (一)规那么变化如下 :1) 单音节形容词的比拟级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成. great2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比拟级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和 -st 构成.wide 3)少数以 -y, -er, -ow, -ble 结尾的双音节形容词的比拟级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和-est 构成.clever4) 以 -y 结尾 ,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比拟级和最高级是把 -y 去掉 ,加上 -ier和 -est 构成 . happy5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比拟级和最高级是双写begin 〔开始〕 began begun hide 〔躲藏〕 hid hidden sing 〔唱〕 sang sung blow 〔吹〕 blew blown fly 〔飞〕flew flown know 〔知道〕 knew known show 〔出示〕 showed shown choose 〔选择〕chose chosen freeze 〔结冰／ 凝固〕 froze frozen wake 〔醒〕 woke woke eat 〔吃〕 ate eaten give 〔给〕 gave given take 〔取〕 took taken ride 〔骑〕 rode ridden do 〔做〕did done lie 〔平躺〕lay lainwear 〔穿〕 wore worn drink 〔喝〕 drank drunk ring 〔铃响〕 rang rung swim 〔游泳〕 swam swum draw 〔画〕 drew drawn grow 〔生长〕 grew grown throw 〔投掷〕 threw thrown break 〔打破〕broke brokenforget 〔忘t 己〕forgot forgotten 〔forgot 〕 speak 〔说〕 spoke spoken drive 〔驾驶〕drove driven fall 〔落下〕fell fallen rise 〔升高〕 rose risenmistake 〔弄错〕mistook mistaken write 〔写〕 wrote written go 〔去〕 went gone see 〔看见〕 saw seenbe 〔 am, is, are 〕〔是〕was, were been该辅音字母然后再加 -er 和 -est . big6〕 双音节和多音节形容词的比拟级和最高级需用 more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成. Beautiful difficult〔二〕不规那么变化如下： good-- ---better -- ---best 好的好的well ------better --- ---best身体好的 bad -- --worse--- --worst 坏的ill ----- --worse --- --- worst病的many- ----- more ----- m ost 许多 much- --- more-- ----- m ost 许多few --- --less ------ least 少数几个 little -- --- less --- -least 少数一点儿far ---- -further --- --furthest 更进一步,程度 far ---- -farther ---- --farthest 更远,路程 old --- ---older ---- --oldest 年老的〔指年纪〕 old --- --elder ---- -eldest 年老的〔指兄弟姐妹的排行〕五、练习题 动词第三人称单数形式构成规那么稳固练习题：〔二 〕、用括号内动词的适当形式填空. 〔一 〕、写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式： sit--guess--die --go-- rush-- reach-- touch -- brush-- fly --copy-- say-- run-- do--fix-- live-- cry-- enjoy --have-- wish-- play-- Tie-- teach--buy-- study --drink -- go--stay-- make--look--carry -- come --watch-- plant --fly --do--1. He often(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One.6/ 73. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ____ they _________ (like) the World Cup?6. What ______ they often ________ (do) on Saturdays?7. _____ your parents ________ (read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _______ (teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _________ (take) a walk together every evening.10. There ________ (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike ______ (like) cooking.12. They ______ (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _______ (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always ______ (do) your homework well.15. I _______ (be) ill. I ’m staying in bed.16. She ______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _______ (do) not like PE.18. The child often ________ (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang ________ (have) eight lessons this term.20. －What day _______ (be) it today? －It ’s Saturday。
