高级英语Book1lessonone讲义

Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)Hefailed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

Unit One The Middle Eastern Bazaar Teaching Object: English majors of junior yearTeaching Periods: 8Teaching Aims:·To enable students to get better understanding of the text·To help students learn to use new words and useful expressions in the text ·To enable students to learn to paraphrase some complicated sentences·To enable students to learn the use of rhetoric devices in the text·To help students appreciate the techniques of descriptive writing·To enrich stududents’knowledge of cultural background of the Middle East Teaching Focus:·Cultural Information·Language points and expressions·Figures of speech·Writing skills of descriptive writingTeaching Difficulties:·Appreciation of descriptive writing style·Paraphrasing some sentences·Identifying figures of speech·Translating some sentencesTeaching Procedures:·Background information·Structural analysis·Detailed study of the text·Rhetorical devices and word formation·Writing skills·ExerciseTime Allocation：8 periods, 360minutes·Background information (45 minutes)·Intensive study of the text (225 minutes)·Exercise (90 minutes)I. Background information1. the Middle East:the area from Afghanistan to Egyptsome countries in the area:Cyprus, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan,, Syria, Jordan, Israel,Palestine ,Lebanon, Egypt, Yemen, Saudi Arabia,.Seas nearby: the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea , the Arabian Sea, the Caspian Seageographical importance: linking point of the three continentswaterways to other parts of the worldvery rich in oildisturbance areasharp religious conflicts2. the Gothic style of architectureoriginated in France in 11th centurycommon in Western Europe in 12th—16th centuryCharacterized by pointed arches, clusters of columns, ribbed vaulting, steep high roofs Impressive and much ornamented3. IslamA religion started by MohammedMohammedanism(Mohammed’s teachings)Moslem: Mohammed’s followersQuran: a collection of Mohammed’s teachingsAllah: image the Muslims worshipMosque: building for public Muslims worshipII. Structural analysisParagraph 1: General description of a bazaarGothic-arched gatewayA big, open square of the gateCavern-like streetsDonkeys and throngs of people coming and goingLittle stalls along the narrow roadsAll kinds of goods on saleDizzying din of various voicesParagraph 2: Cloth-marketMuted (Noise fades away)Sepulchral atmosphereWhy? earthen floor (deadening sounds)Vaulted roof and walls (little echoed sounds)People (speaking in a measured tone)Paragraph3: How to do selling or buyingSellers ----those who sell the same goods collect in the same placeWhy? avoid competition among themselvesBe helpful for buyersGet united to fight against injusticeBuyers----going around leisurelyMaking choice of goods they are going to buyAsking about prices and doing preliminaryParagraph 4: how to make bargainsGoing on the whole dayShopkeepers protesting that and that -Customers keeping secret what they really wantParagraph5-6: the copper-smith’s market (pair or group work)Most picturesque and impressiveDistinct sounds: tinkling, banging, clashing,Dancing flashes: (How are they formed?)Live coalsPeople: apprentices----hammering awayMaster instructing by taking a hand with a hammerProducts: some engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designsSome pleasing in form but undecorated and functionalParagraph 7: Other markets:Carpet-market:Spice-marketFood-marketHow do the streets look like?What can we see at a mosque or a caravanserai?Paragraph 8-9: Oil-making(the most unforgettable thing)How does the workshop look like?A vast somber, dirty, cavern-like roomWhat can we see in the workshop?Wheels，Pole and post，Camels，Channel，ApparatusWhat can we hear?Creaking, Squeaking, Rumbling, Grinding, Grunts and sighsHow to crush linseed into a pulp? (Pair work)How to extract oil from the pulp? (Pair work)III. Detailed study of the text1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back . . . of years:1) A bazaar is an oriental markct-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comes from the Persian word bazar .2) The bazaar takes you back hundreds --even thousands --of years because it was possibly built centuries ago, the architecture was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered ... ;1) is entered ... : The present tense used here is called "historical present". It is used for vividness.2) Gothic : of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows3) aged: having existed long; very old3. Yon pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern ... : 1)Here "the heat" is contrasted with "cool", "glare" with "dark", and "open square" with "cavern".2) glare : strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable as "bright sunlight"3) }'Cavern" here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. From the text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.4) In front of the gateway there is a big, open square. It is hot there and the brightness of the sunlight is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort Of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see: The words eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man's power of seeing or eyesight, e, g.1) She has an eye for beauty. (She is capable of recognizing and appreciating beautiful things. )2) She has an ear for music. (She is sensitive to music. )3) The boy has a sharp eye. (He overlooks nothing. )4) The big poster caught my eye. (my attention)5) Keep an eye on that mischievous boy. (Keep a watch on him. )6) to turn a blind eye to sth or sb7) to turn a deaf ear to sth or sb8) His words are unpleasant to the ear.9) The view was pleasing to the eye.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance:1) The place is dark, so when the street is long, objects in the distance become unclear and indistinct.2) Shadowy suggests shifting illumination and indistinct vision.6. Little donkeys ... entering and leaving the bazaar:1) thread their way: The donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another.2) The words "entering" and "leaving" go with the word "throngs" which differs from "crowds" in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density.7. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold :l) roadway: (the roadway) the middle part of a road where vehicles drive e.g.Don't stop on the roadway2) stall: small, open-fronted shop a market, on a street,3) The small shops lining the street try to expand their shop space by encroaching on the street, so the street becomes narrow every few yards.4) goods of every conceivable kind : goods of every kind you can think of8. then as you penetrate ... muted cloth-market:1) penetrate : to pierce or pass into or through. The word penetrate is used here to indicate that you have to pass through a big crowd in order to go deeper into the market.2) the noise of the entrance fades away:fade away : go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappear3) the muted cloth-market: It is muted because the earthen floor deadens the sound of footsteps and people in the market speak in low, soft tones.9. The earthen floor . .. any sounds to echo:1) earthen: made of earth, e.g. an earthen jar2) beaten hard by countless feet: flattened by treading; which becomes flat and hard because it is much travelled3) deaden: to lessen or dull the sound of (footsteps)4) the vaulted mud brick wails and roof: Moslem style of architecture10. The shopkeepers speak in slow ... follow suit:1) measured: steady, slow and deliberate; rhythmical2) sepulchral: suggestive of the grave of burial; dismal, gloomy3) follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done11. One of the peculiarities ... persecution:1) peculiarities: characteristics2) Shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods usually scatter themselves over the bazaar so as to avoid competition. (It would then be more difficult for customers to compare goods and prices.) But in the Middle Eastern Bazaar they come together in the same area in order to form a closely-knit guild against injustice or persecution (coming from, perhaps, the tax collectors and government officials).3) collect: come together; gather; e.g. water (dust) collects4) knit: unite firmly and closely5) guild: society of persons for helping one another, forwarding common interests 12. each open fronted shop . . . for storage:1) open-fronted shop: the goods are displayed at the front of the shop, without any window- or doorway blocking the view2) a trestle table for display: One displays anything that one spreads out for others to view or puts in a position where it can be seen to advantage or with great clearness so as to strike the eye. e.g. The exhibition of pictures was criticized because the best paintings were not Well displayed. (They were perhaps put in a dark corner or some other place with insufficient light where people could not see them properly.) The peacock displayed its fine feathers, cf. exhibit:One exhibits anything which he puts forward prominently or openly, either with the express intention or with the result of attracting other's attention. When we exhibit flowers, animals, children's drawings, unearthed relics, etc., we want to bring their inherent properties to light. e.g.The host took us through his stable to show us his horses. He exhibited with particular pride two snow white mares. He himself led them out of the stable, in order to display to advantage their sleek coats.13. Bargaining is the order of the day: bargaining is the normal way of doing things (the) order of the day: that which is of the greatest general interest at a particular time; prevailing state of things, e.g.They failed to act since confusion was the order of the day at the headquarters.His period was a building age, when competition was the order of the day.14. veiled women ... beating the price down:1) veiled women: according to Modem custom women have to wear veils when they go out.2) to price: (colloquial) to ask the price of, e.g.Before buying the coat, why not price it in a number of shops?3) narrow down their choice: reduce the number of their choice4) beat dozen: bargain with (seller), causing seller to lower (price).15. a point of honour: something considered important for one's self-respect16. One of the most . . . copper-smiths' market:1) picturesque: striking, vivid2) impressive: deeply impressing mind or senses, cause approval or admiration17. As you approach it . .. on your ear:1) tinkling: a succession of light, ringing sounds (e. g. of a small bell)2) bangfng: hit violently, to make a loud noise (e. g. to bang a door)3) clashing: make a loud, broken, confused noise (as when metal objects strike together)(e. g. swords clash, the clashing of cymbals)4) impinge" (on): have an effect (on)；strike18. It grows louder and more distinct:1) it : the tinkling and banging and clashing2) distinct: not only clear, but easily heard, clearly marked,distinguished apart from other sounds19. until you round a corner . .. lamps and braziers:1) round: make a turn about2) dancing flashes: quick bright lights moving up and down3) catch the light of: intercept and reflect the light of . . .4) The dancing flashes are reflections of the (unsteady) lightsfrom the lamps and braziers thrown on the polished copper.20. hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes:away: continuously, constantlye.g. working, laughing, muttering away21. the shop-owner ... sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself ... :take a hand. (in sth. ) : help, play a part (in sth. ) e.g.Don't fool around, come and take a hand in the cleaning.The leading cadres also took a hand in the digging.22. the red of the live coals ... to the strokes of the bellows:1) live: adj. burning or glowinglive embers (small pieces of burning wood or coal in a dyingfire; ashes of dying fire); a live shell; cartridge; bomb (un-exploded)Also: It was a live broadcast, not a recording.2) red: refers to the red light (of the burning coals)3) to: along with; accompanied by; as an accompaniment for4) The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim as the coals burnand die down, burn again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.23. Here you can find…and strictly functional:1) intricate: a specific word, meaning the designs are of inter winding or interlacing parts2) functional: designed to serve practical purposes; its opposite is "ornamental"3) Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls with fine, complicated and traditional designs; you can also get simple household utensils for daily use, which are pleasant to look at but do not have any decoration on them and are strictly designed to serve useful purposes.24. Elsewhere ... and yet harmonious:1) profusion: plenty; great or too great amount2) rich : (color) deep, strong and beautiful3) varied: it implies more than "different"; it stresses the idea of full of changes of variety, having numerous forms or types4) texture: arrangement of threads etc. in textile fabric, characteristic feel due to this5) bold: strongly marked; clearly formed6) You have a whole variety of carpets with vivid color, woven in different ways, having designs typical of different regions. Some of the designs are clear-cut, well-marked and simple; while others are very complicated, showing all the details yet having all the different parts combined in a pleasing and satisfactory arrangement.25. exotic smells: Exotic means not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual. It is used to describe something which is very pleasing either to the mind or senses.26. 1) "Sumptuous dinner" is contrasted with "humble meal".2) sumptuous: rich and costly, suggesting lavish expenditure e.g. a sumptuous banquet; sumptuous furnishing3) humble: (of things) poor, mean27. every here and there: every now and again; at one place or another28. glimpse: a quick, imperfect view of sth.e.g. to get, catch a glimpse of sb. or sth from a train29. taut and protesting: The ropes are drawn tight and the ancient girders creak and groan.30. its creaks: "its" stands for the overhead apparatus or the beam31. blend: to mix; intermingle32.squeaking: making short, deep, rough sound like that of a hog33.rumble: (make a) deep, heavy continuous sounde.g. tanks, thunder, armored cars, a freight train rumbles34. grunt : a high-pitched, nasal-sounding cry35. in the maze ... which honey-comb this bazaar:1) maze: a set of intricate windings2) honey-comb : v. to fill with holes, cells, or cavities3) The streets that pierce the bazaar from all directions and lead towards all directions cut the bazaar into small sections like the honeycomb.IV. Rhetorical devices and word-formation:OnomatopoeiaMetaphorCompoundingConversionV. Writing skillsI) Description.----Word pictures of people, things or placesDescribing how they look/sound/taste/smell/feel like2) A description of placesFixed point of view (taking a stationary position ,describing at different angles) Moving point of view (taking a moving position, describing what you see while you are walking along)Mental point of view (objective vs. subjective)3) Writing skills in this passageFollow special ordersUsing specific wordsWell-chosen examples in detailsVI. Assignment1) Some oral work in class2) Going through some exercises in the text3) Homework: describe a place in 300 English words。

⾼级英语第⼀册详细讲解Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar⼀． Background information⼆．Brief overview and writing styleThis text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly including the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter’s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details.The author’s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers’ visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished.三．Detailed study of the textParagraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years:1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, includingthe Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The wordperhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…:1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called “historical present(历史现在时)”. It is used for vividness.2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries,with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows.3) aged: having existed long; very old3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here “the heat” is contrasted with “cool”, “glare” with “dark”, and“open square” with “cavern”.2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “brightsunlight”.强光，耀眼的光3) “cavern” here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. Fromthe text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.⼤洞⽳（尤指⼤⽽⿊的）and the brightness of the sunlight is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see:The word eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight. .1)She has an eye for beauty.2)The boy has a sharp eye.3)To turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth or sb.4)His words are unpleasant to the ear.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance…: shadowy suggests shifting illumination and distinct. . A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.（⼀条蜿蜒的⼩路隐没在树荫深处。

《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns。