初一英语复习

  • 格式:docx
  • 大小:31.83 KB
  • 文档页数:10

语法专项复习一(一)一般现在时1. 一般现在时的含义⑴表示现在的状态⑵表示经常或习惯性的动作⑶表示主语具备的性格和能力。

2. 一般现在时的谓语构成⑴动词be肯定式I am… 否定式I am not…You/We/They are… You/We/They aren’t…She/He/It is… She/He/It isn’t…疑问式和简略回答Am I…?Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.Are you…? Yes, I am/we are. No, I am not/we aren’t.Are we/they…? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they aren’t.⑵动词do肯定式I/We/You/They+动词原形+其他成分She/He/It+动词第三人称单数形式+其他成分否定式I/We/You/They don’t+动词原形+其他成分She/He/It doesn’t +动词原形+其他成分疑问式和简略回答Do I/you/we/they+动词原形+其他成分Yes, I/you/we/they do. No, I/you/we/they don’t.Does she/he/it +动词原形+其他成分Yes, she/he/it does. No, she/he/it doesn’t.⑶一般现在时第三人称单数的构成规则变化一般情况下直接+s work-works ask-asks see-sees以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾+es watch-watches go-goes do-does wash-washes以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es try-tries study-studies fly-flies不规则变化have-has练一练1. 给出下列单词的第三人称单数形式play go hurry teach buy seewash walk miss watch come say2. 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文It’s Ted’s first day at school in Shanghai. Th e teacher _____(take) him to the classroom. The students_____ (ask) him, “_____(do) you speak English or Chinese?” He _____ (say), “Both. My father is an Englishman and my mother is a Chinese woman.” Ted ______ (like)his new classmates. After school, he _____(say) to his parents, I_____ (love) my new school, teacher and classmates.(二)句子种类(1)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述看法。

She is at home. 她在家。

He speaks English. 他讲英语。

2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。

有以下四种:a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):Where do you live? 你住哪儿?How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):Do you like tea or juice?你是要茶还是果汁?d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):He knows her, doesn’t he?他认识她,对不对?3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please. 请坐。

Let’s go home! 让我们回家吧!4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!(2)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1)主+ 动(SV)例如:I work. 我工作。

2)主+ 动+ 表(SVP)例如:John is a teacher. 约翰是教师。

3)主+ 动+ 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English. 她学英语。

4)主+ 动+ 宾+ 补(SVOC)例如:We think the job easy. 我们认为这个工作简单。

5)主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

(三)单数句变复数句1. 可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式。

It is a box.→ They are boxes.2. 各个人称代词要由单数形式变为复数形式。

She is a girl.→ They are girls. I am at home.→ We are at home.3. am或is 要变为are.He is a teacher. → They are teachers.4. 指示代词this或that要分别变为these或those。

This is a pencil.→ These are pencils.5. 不定冠词a/an要去掉(固定搭配例外)。

It is a black cat.→ They are black cats.6. man或woman做定语修饰可数名词,在整个句子变成复数的情况下也要变成men 或women.She is a woman teacher.→ They are women teachers.注意:在单数句变复数句时,普通单数变为复数形式,但当名词修饰名词时,起修饰作用的名词不做变化。

名词修饰名词常用单数。

(man, woman除外)This is a apple tree.→ These are apple trees.练一练单复数句转换1. What is her name?2. This quilt is green.3. Is that a pencil?4. The box is on the table.5. He is a man teacher.6. They are white dogs.7. These are our erasers.语法专项二. 教学过程:(一)词类1. 名词表示人或事物名称的词teacher, book , pen 主,表,补,定,同2. 代词代替名词、形容词或数词等we, my, some, this 主,表,宾,定,同3. 数词表示数目或顺序two, first, fifth 主,表,宾,定,同4. 动词表示动词或状态be, take, look 谓语动词to work, working, worked 主,表,宾,补,定,状5. 形容词修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质和特征good, big, nice, beautiful表,补,定,同6. 副词表示动作特征或形状特征修饰动词形容词或其他副词fast, nearly, happily, here表,状7. 冠词用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a , an, the8. 介词表示名词或代词与其他词的关系in, on, under9. 连词连接词与词,短语和短语,句子和句子and, if, but, or10. 感叹词表示说话时的感情或语气oh, hello, hi(二)名词所有格1. 名词在句子中表示所有关系,所属关系常用名词所有格。

两种形式:(1)名词词尾加’s,主要用于有生命的名词Tom’s mother the teacher’s desk(2)of+名词,主要用于无生命的名词。

the wall of the classroom2. ‘s属格的构成方法:(1)单数名词在末尾加‘s the boy’s backpack the woman’s computer(2)以s或es 结尾的名词只在词尾加“‘”the boys’ backpacks my boss’ office(3)复数名词后一般只加’ 不规则的复数名词加’sthe girls’ books the children’s soccers(4)表示几个名词各自的所有关系时,名词末尾都加’Tom’s and Jack’s books Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms(5)表示几个名词共有的,应在最后一个词后加’sTom and Jack’s mother Lucy and Lily’s room(6)表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市等无生命的名词后也可以加’s表示其所有关系an hour’s walk the city’s parks(7)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。

my uncle’s (house) the doctor’s(office)3. 双重所有格(1)双重所有格即“of + 名词’s 所有格”,表示整体中的一个或部分。

用于修饰of前的名词,此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an),two,any,some,no,few,another或this,that,these,those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。

双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成,如:a friend of mine Do you know any friends of my brother’s?Two classmates of my sister’s will come to join us.(2)在双重所有格中,用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的,而且一般指人。

an old friend of my father’s this baby of my aunt’s4. 在表示名词所有格时,’s结构可以转换成of结构。

the girl’s name → the name of the girlmy father’s friend→ the friend of my father’s练一练1. This is my dress. That one is ______________.A. MaryB. Mary’sC. sisterD. mother2. The woman over there is ______ mother.A. Julia and Sally’sB. Julia’s and Sally’sC. Julia and SallyD. Julia’s and Sally3. —Excuse me, where are _______ offices?—Over there.A. teacher’sB. teachers’C. the teacher’sD. the teachers’(三)代词1. 人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us第二人称you第三人称he she it him her it they them2. 物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词Mine yours his hers its ours his theirs形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,名词性的物主代词可作主语,宾语或表语其后不加名词。